MMC 4Mi Snapshot – Lives on the borderline: between peril and pushbacks on routes through Iran, Türkiye, and Greece (June 2025)

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Countries: Greece, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Türkiye, World Source: Mixed Migration Centre Please refer to the attached Infographic. Risks and pushbacks in Eastern Mediterranean have intensified as Greece redesignates Türkiye a “safe third country” for people seeking asylum. On 9 April, the Greek government adopted a joint ministerial decision in which Türkiye is included in the ‘National List of Safe Third Countries’ as a safe third country for asylum applicants from Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Somalia, and Syria. According to a press release issued by the Ministry of Migration and Asylum, the decision will “allow the immediate rejection of asylum applications of those of the above individuals who have entered Greece illegally from Turkey, and their return.”Risks and pushbacks in Eastern Mediterranean remain a concern. The Eastern Mediterranean and Western Asia corridors are key for mixed migration, with Iran, Türkiye, and Greece acting as transit hubs and destinations for thousands of refugees and migrants each year. This snapshot presents data and testimonies collected throughout 2023, 2024, and early 2025 to explore the drivers and journeys of Afghans and Syrians moving through Iran, Türkiye, and Greece, the dangerous locations they crossed, and the risks they reported.