PinnedIsrael and Iran traded attacks late into Sunday night, as the three days of fighting intensified on both sides despite international pleas for de-escalation.Late on Sunday, the Israeli Air Force said it had begun attacking dozens of targets in western Iran, but also warned its citizens of incoming missiles. Sirens sounded in major cities in Israel, including in Tel Aviv, Jerusalem and Haifa, as well as in the Gaza border region and parts of the Israeli-occupied West Bank.The roads leading out of Tehran, the Iranian capital, were packed on Sunday, according to the head of the traffic police, residents and images broadcast on Iranian news media. Residents described long lines forming at gas stations and neighbors with suitcases trying to flag down taxis, as people scrambled to escape the city, which Israel had bombarded since Friday.The fighting, which began on Friday with a surprise Israeli attack on Iran, has been some of the fiercest and most prolonged in the decades-long enmity between Israel and Iran, raising fears of a wider war that could draw in the United States and other powers.Iranians and Israelis have been bracing for further violence, and on Sunday leaders of both countries warned they would escalate their attacks.President Trump urged Israel and Iran to reach an agreement to end their armed conflict. “Iran and Israel should make a deal, and will make a deal,” he wrote this morning in a post on Truth Social, his social media platform. “We will have PEACE, soon, between Israel and Iran! Many calls and meetings now taking place.” His statement did not provide details on those meetings or what a deal would entail.The path to diplomacy appears limited after officials called off talks set for Sunday between Tehran and Washington on the future of Iran’s nuclear program, which Israel says it aims to dismantle with its military campaign.The Israeli strikes have killed at least 128 people in Iran, according to the country’s health ministry. Six top Iranian security chiefs were among the dead, and more than 900 people have been injured. In Israel, at least 13 people, identified as civilians, have been killed in Iran’s retaliatory barrages since Friday.Here’s what else to know:Expanding scope of attacks: Israeli strikes, initially focused on nuclear sites, air defenses and military targets, are also now targeting the energy industry that underpins much of Iran’s economy. The Israeli military’s chief spokesman said its forces had achieved “freedom of action” in the skies over Tehran, but some of Iran’s air defense systems remain intact, according to an Israeli defense official, who spoke on condition of anonymity to discuss sensitive information.Life on hold: Some Iranians are bracing themselves for a longer conflict as the strikes continue on Sunday. Israel and Iran have traded fire before in recent years, but the attacks have been limited. As the Israeli bombardment went into a third day, there were fears of more escalation and a sense that this time feels different, some residents of Tehran said.Diplomacy is damaged but not dead: Talks between the United States and Iran on the future of Iran’s nuclear program had been scheduled to resume on Sunday in Oman, but were canceled. The Iranian foreign minister, Abbas Araghchi, told foreign diplomats in Tehran on Sunday that his country is “prepared for any agreement aimed at ensuring Iran does not pursue nuclear weapons,” but aims to maintain the right to enrich uranium for civilian purposes.Israeli attack on the Houthis: In an apparent bid to cripple one of Iran’s strongest remaining proxy forces in the region, Israel targeted a meeting of Houthi leadership in Yemen on Saturday night. A senior Houthi political official, Mohammed al-Bukhaiti, told The New York Times that Israel “has not succeeded in targeting any leader” from the group.June 15, 2025, 5:28 p.m. ETIranians in traffic as they leave Tehran.Credit...Atta Kenare/Agence France-Presse — Getty ImagesWhere to go? What to do? Is my neighborhood safe?As deadly Israeli strikes rain down on Iran, these are among the questions desperate and confused Iranians are asking as they search for guidance. Amid swirling rumors and a dearth of official information, many Iranians have started relying on one another to share tips and safety information.“My biggest concern is nothing other than radioactive leaks and the bombing of areas that have nuclear facilities. I haven’t personally received any official guidance,” Ilya, 28, from the city of Karaj, near Tehran, said via text. Ilya asked to be identified only by his first name for security reasons.The surprise attacks on Iran, which began on Friday, have highlighted the country’s apparent lack of preparedness for war — including its paucity of shelters, bunkers or functioning air-raid sirens. Without much clear direction from the government, Iranian musicians, artists, chefs and influencers have been sharing infographics on social media with titles including “What You Should Do if You’re in the Metro During an Airstrike” or “How to Speak to Children in War Times.”Several people in Iran whom The New York Times messaged and spoke with said they were unsure whether to go to work or whether students should go to school — a fraught dilemma at the height of final exam season.Many Iranians are unsure of what information they can trust and what to believe — regardless of whether it comes from the government or from unofficial channels.“I keep seeing Instagram stories with guidance and information but they don’t have a clear source and are pretty scattered,” Ilya said. He added:“Honestly, I don’t know which ones are accurate and which aren’t, because it’s all scattered and unclear, and everyone seems to have their own opinion.”In family WhatsApp groups, confusion abounded. Many comments came from Iranian women who cited their experience during the Iran-Iraq war in the 1980s, offering tips to distinguish the sounds of strikes from those of air-defense interceptions, to help inform their current situation. Other people have struggled to access the internet, with communication networks in the country increasingly spotty.On Sunday, the third consecutive day of Israeli attacks, the Iranian government stressed that measures were being taken to protect the population.“Mosques are shelters for all people, and starting tonight, the metros will also open so that people can have access to safe spaces 24/7,” said Fatemeh Mohajerani, a government spokeswoman, referring to Tehran’s rapid transit system, which is mostly underground. In remarks carried by Iranian news media, she added that many schools could also be used as shelters.It was unclear, though, how many people would be reassured. Long lines formed at gas stations in Tehran, the capital, and the city’s roads were choked with traffic as terrified families scrambled to leave.The Israeli strikes that began on Friday have highlighted Iran’s lack of preparedness for war.Credit...Arash Khamooshi for The New York TimesIn Isfahan, a city in central Iran that has been struck by the Israeli military campaign, one woman, Farangis, said she tried on Saturday night to convince a friend to join her in leaving the city for a village further south.“Just like last time,” Farangis, who is in her 70s, said she told her friend. That was all that Farangis, who for security reasons asked that only her first name be used, needed to say: Decades ago, both women had fled their homes when Iraq was bombing Iran.But her friend refused, Farangis said, saying that she could not leave her children and grandchildren — who had “school and work that doesn’t seem to have been canceled.”June 15, 2025, 5:11 p.m. ETThe Israeli military appears to have destroyed an Iranian refueling plane at an Iranian airport 1,400 miles from Israel, close to Iran’s borders with Turkmenistan and Afghanistan, according to satellite imagery and a video analyzed by The New York Times. The attack is an indication of how deep into Iranian territory Israel is capable of striking.A satellite image captured in the early afternoon Sunday before the attack shows an intact Boeing 707 in the military section of the airport in Mashhad. The smaller plane, seen on the right, is a Boeing 707, parked where a large fire was seen a few hours after this image was captured. June 15, 2025.Credit...Planet LabsA few hours later, a spokesman for the Israeli military posted a photo of a plane at the same location engulfed in flames and confirmed the military had attacked the airport. “The Air Force is operating to achieve aerial superiority across all of Iran,” he said in the statement.#عاجل ❌ على بعد نحو 2300 كيلومتر عن إسرائيل - سلاح الجو يهاجم قبل قليل طائرة إيرانية للتزود بالوقود في مطار مشهد شرق إيران. سلاح الجو يعمل لتحقيق تفوق جوي في جميع أنحاء إيران.الحديث عن أبعد هجوم يشنها سلاح الجو منذ بداية عملية #الأسد_الصاعد pic.twitter.com/F1ybPSXlEv— افيخاي ادرعي (@AvichayAdraee) June 15, 2025The location of the attack, at Mashhad Airport in the far east of the country, shows “at the very least that Israel can hit just about any target it wants in Iran,” said Afshon Ostovar, an Iran military expert at the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, Cal.Dr. Ostovar added that the attack is a sign “that most if not all of the country’s major air defenses have either been destroyed, made inoperable, or are otherwise unable to protect Iran’s airspace from Israeli jets.”The Iranian Air Force only has seven refueling planes, according to a 2024 annual report on air forces globally by FlightGlobal, an aviation industry website.But Dr. Ostovar said that taking the plane out will not affect Iran’s air operations. These aircraft — which are Boeing 707s — are used to refuel fighter jets and other planes while they’re in the air, which Dr. Ostovar said Iran does not currently do.June 15, 2025, 5:11 p.m. ETThe war in Gaza has not slowed as the attacks between Iran and Israel continue. At least 65 Palestinians have been killed across Gaza in the last 24 hours, according to the Gaza health ministry. Israeli military officials did not immediately respond to requests for comment.On Sunday, the Israeli army confirmed that it recovered the body of a hostage earlier this week. Aviv Atzili, 49, was killed on Oct. 7, 2003, in Kibbutz Nir Oz. His body was recovered in the Khan Younis area of Gaza on Wednesday.June 15, 2025, 5:02 p.m. ETThe Joint Maritime Information Center, which monitors security risks for commercial ships in the area of the Red Sea, said on Sunday in an update about the conflict between Israel and Iran that although there are “no confirmed indications of an immediate threat” to ships, the situation could change quickly and the regional threat level is “significant.” It called on companies to “review contingency plans for routing, crew welfare and emergency response in the event of a significant regional escalation.”June 15, 2025, 4:39 p.m. ETIsrael’s military has so far shot down more than 100 drones launched toward Israel from Iran, an Israeli military spokesman said in a statement late on Sunday night, adding that there have been “no reports” of drones falling into Israeli territory.June 15, 2025, 4:39 p.m. ETPeople in Tehran waited in long lines to fuel their vehicles amid the uncertainty of the continued fighting between Israel and Iran. One resident said that the gas stations were limiting how much fuel customers could buy, with some people lining up multiple times to fill their gas tanks.VideoCreditCredit...WANA, via ReutersJune 15, 2025, 4:13 p.m. ETHeavy smoke rises from an oil refinery in southern Tehran, after it was hit in an Israeli strike on Sunday.Credit...Atta Kenare/Agence France-Presse — Getty ImagesAmerican consumers are likely to start feeling the impact of the escalating conflict between Israel and Iran, as more expensive oil causes prices at the gas pump to rise.U.S. oil prices jumped 12 percent from Tuesday to Friday, to $72.98 a barrel, and energy prices may climb higher after Israel struck several Iranian oil and gas facilities over the weekend. Those included one of the world’s largest natural gas fields, known as South Pars; Tehran’s main gas depot; and an oil refinery.Last week’s increase in oil prices could cause gasoline prices to rise about 20 cents a gallon in the coming weeks, according to ClearView Energy Partners, a Washington research firm.Oil and fuels like gasoline and diesel had been relatively cheap leading up to Israel’s strikes on Iran last week, which could cushion the blow to consumers. A gallon of regular gasoline costs $3.14 on average, down from $3.45 this time last year, according to the AAA motor club.How Iran responds to Israel’s latest strikes will have a big effect on oil prices. The country is a large oil producer and its position on the northern side of the Strait of Hormuz, a major thoroughfare for oil and liquefied natural gas, or L.N.G., means that it could severely disrupt global energy markets.If Iran were to close the waterway connecting the Persian Gulf to the Gulf of Oman for even a short time, oil prices could rise anywhere from $8 to $31 a barrel, according to ClearView Energy Partners.“Escalation of the conflict presents many supply risks, but — at peril of stating the obvious — the greatest is probably an Iranian closure of the Strait of Hormuz to maritime energy cargoes,” the firm’s analysts wrote on Saturday.Iran has an economic incentive to allow tankers to continue passing through the strait, as it ships oil through that channel, much of it to China.And although the United States has been buying less and less oil from the Persian Gulf, the commodity is traded globally, leaving consumers and businesses exposed to price increases. Should U.S. oil companies respond to higher prices by drilling more, it would still take many months for that oil to start flowing.Farnaz Fassihi contributed reporting.June 15, 2025, 3:58 p.m. ETThe Israeli military appears to have destroyed an Iranian refueling plane at an Iranian airport 1,400 miles from Israel, close to Iran’s borders with Turkmenistan and Afghanistan, according to satellite imagery and a video analyzed by The New York Times. The attack is an indication of how deep into Iranian territory Israel is capable of striking.A “before” satellite image captured in the early afternoon Sunday shows an intact Boeing 707 at the military section of the airport in Mashhad. A few hours later, a spokesman for the Israeli military posted a photo of a plane at the same location engulfed in flames. “The Air Force is operating to achieve aerial superiority across all of Iran,” according to his statement.#عاجل ❌ على بعد نحو 2300 كيلومتر عن إسرائيل - سلاح الجو يهاجم قبل قليل طائرة إيرانية للتزود بالوقود في مطار مشهد شرق إيران. سلاح الجو يعمل لتحقيق تفوق جوي في جميع أنحاء إيران.الحديث عن أبعد هجوم يشنها سلاح الجو منذ بداية عملية #الأسد_الصاعد pic.twitter.com/F1ybPSXlEv— افيخاي ادرعي (@AvichayAdraee) June 15, 2025Credit...Planet LabsJune 15, 2025, 3:22 p.m. ETThere were at least two places in Israel hit after the latest fusillade of Iranian missiles launched toward Israeli territory, according to the Israeli military. The military said one impact site was in Haifa and the other was in a community near Kiryat Gat, in southern Israel.The Magen David Adom emergency service said that it transferred seven people to hospitals in northern Israel, including three with minor injuries, three others who experienced anxiety symptoms, and a woman with smoke inhalation.June 15, 2025, 2:44 p.m. ETIsraeli strikes in Tehran on Sunday. The attacks have highlighted Iran’s lack of preparedness for war.Credit...Arash Khamooshi for The New York TimesIsrael’s powerful strikes that targeted Iran’s nuclear infrastructure and killed senior military officials have been underpinned by its ability to traverse Iran’s skies without significant disruptions, according to current and former Israeli officials.Israeli fighter jets have been able to repeatedly strike sensitive targets across Iran, including in the capital, Tehran, after destroying much of Iran’s air defenses. The dynamic has left Iran struggling to defend itself as Israel launches the biggest attack in its history against the Islamic Republic.“We have opened up the skies of Iran, achieving near-air superiority,” Yechiel Leiter, Israel’s ambassador to the United States, said on social media.Still, Israel does not have complete freedom of operation in Iran, and Iranian officials have claimed to have shot down Israeli drones in recent days.Some of Iran’s air defense systems remain intact, requiring Israeli pilots to navigate through carefully mapped aerial corridors, according to an Israeli defense official, who spoke on condition of anonymity to discuss sensitive information. The Israeli military, the official said, relies on real-time intelligence to track possible threats to its aircraft as they enter and exit Iranian airspace.At least 128 people in Iran have been killed, according to the country’s health service. The toll included top security chiefs, nuclear scientists and civilians.Opening up Iran’s airspace was a gradual process. During two clashes with Iran in April and October of last year, Israeli security forces struck important air-defense systems. In the October attack, Israel hit four S-300 systems, according to Yoav Gallant, the Israeli defense minister at the time.Since Friday, Israel has continued to target Iran’s air defenses, carving out a pathway for Israeli fighter jets to reach Tehran freely, according to two Israeli military officials, who spoke on condition of anonymity to discuss operational details. Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu told Fox News in an interview on Sunday that Israel had worked to “peel off the layers of protection” of Iranian defenses.Israeli aircraft, in turn, now have the ability to fly through much of Iranian airspace almost as easily as they can over Lebanon and Syria, according to Zohar Palti, a former senior official in Mossad, Israel’s foreign intelligence service.“Let’s say I have a target that I missed or that I’m not happy with the result,” said Mr. Palti, now an international fellow at the Washington Institute for Near East Policy. “I can go back tomorrow and the day after tomorrow again, again, and again.”Even Iranian officials have acknowledged shortcomings in their defenses.In private text messages shared with The New York Times on Friday, some officials were angrily asking one another, “Where is our air defense?” and “How can Israel come and attack anything it wants, kill our top commanders, and we are incapable of stopping it?”Farnaz Fassihi contributed reporting to this article.June 15, 2025, 2:31 p.m. ETFive Ukrainian nationals, including three minors, were killed in Iran’s attack on Israel on Saturday, Ukraine’s Foreign Ministry said in a statement. The victims were killed in a missile strike on a residential building in Bat Yam, a coastal city south of Tel Aviv. Ukraine said it was working closely with Israeli police and other authorities to establish the identities of the victims and arrange for the repatriation of their bodies.June 15, 2025, 2:14 p.m. ETThe roads leading out of Tehran are packed with heavy traffic, according to residents, the head of the traffic police and images broadcast on Iranian news media. Residents have described seeing long lines forming at gas stations and neighbors trying to flag down taxis while holding suitcases, as people scramble to find a way to leave the capital.Credit...Atta Kenare/Agence France-Presse — Getty ImagesJune 15, 2025, 1:47 p.m. ETJohnatan ReissReporting from Tel AvivSirens warning of incoming missiles have gone off around the country, including in Tel Aviv, Jerusalem and Haifa. Sirens also blared in the Gaza border region and parts of the Israeli-occupied West Bank.June 15, 2025, 1:46 p.m. ETThe Israeli military said it identified that missiles had been launched toward Israel from Iran. It called on the public to enter protected spaces until further notice.June 15, 2025, 1:46 p.m. ETMehrdad, a 40-year-old resident of Mashhad, Iran, who asked to be identified only by his first name out of fear of his safety, said in an interview that Israel struck the city today for the first time, sending smoke and fire billowing from the area of the city’s airport. Israel earlier today said it had struck the city’s airport. Mashhad is considered a holy Shia site that attracts religious pilgrims from across the country and region.June 15, 2025, 1:10 p.m. ETThe Israeli Air Force has begun attacking dozens of surface-to-surface missile targets in western Iran, according to a statement from the Israeli military.June 15, 2025, 12:51 p.m. ETLiam StackLiam Stack has covered the conflict between Israel, Hamas, Hezbollah and Iran since the Oct. 7 attacks, from London, Jerusalem and Tel Aviv.Smoke rising from an oil refinery, as seen from Tehran on Sunday.Credit...Arash Khamooshi for The New York TimesIsraelis and Iranians have long feared open warfare between their countries, and as the bombs fell on Saturday, Americans with loved ones in both places watched from afar with anger, fear and a sense of deep foreboding.Leili, an Iranian in New York who asked to be identified by only her first name for fear of retribution from the Iranian government, said she learned the most intense fighting in decades had begun when texts from friends and family began pouring in. Since then, she has followed the news, but has often found it too painful to bear.“I thought, ‘This is monstrous,’” she said. “I saw images of little boys in Shiraz, which to me is one of the most beautiful cities in the world, sitting on the ground, bloodied. It has been heartbreaking.”Many Jewish Americans have met the news with feelings of “frustration and helplessness,” especially after recent attacks on Jews in Washington, D.C., and Colorado, said Mitchell Silber, the executive director of the Community Security Initiative, which provides security guidance to Jewish institutions in the New York area.“Everything is compounded after the last few weeks because of the attack in D.C. and the attack in Boulder,” he said. “The level of anxiety in the Jewish community is about as high as I have ever seen it.”The repeated strikes began on Friday when Israel launched a surprise attack that took aim at the Iranian regime. Since then, the two countries have launched waves of attacks at each other. Israel’s strikes have killed at least 128 people in Iran and injured more than 900 others, according to the country’s health ministry. In Israel, at least 13 people, identified as civilians, have been killed during Iran’s retaliatory barrages since Friday.The conflict comes after years of shadow warfare and roughly 18 months of Israeli military action against Iranian allies across the Middle East, including the Houthis in Yemen, Hezbollah in Lebanon and Hamas in Gaza.Noa Shkuri, left, is comforted after her home was struck by a missile launched from Iran in Rehovot on Sunday morning,Credit...Avishag Shaar-Yashuv for The New York TimesIsrael has blamed Iran, in part, for the Hamas-led terrorist attack on Oct. 7, 2023, which killed roughly 1,200 Israelis. Israel invaded Gaza in response, and the war there has killed tens of thousands of Palestinians, led to accusations of war crimes against Israeli and Hamas leaders, and radically reshaped the Middle East.On Saturday, Mike Huckabee, the American ambassador to Israel, said there were roughly 700,000 U.S. citizens living in the country. A smaller number of Americans live in Iran, but many people in the United States have family or personal ties there as well.In recent days, Jewish organizations in New York have been following advice that was prepared by Mr. Silber’s organization. It is advice they are sadly familiar with after years of rising antisemitism in the United States.They have been told to go about their usual activities but to keep an eye on who may be hanging around their facilities and to stay in touch with law enforcement agencies. In New York on Friday, the Police Department said it had been providing extra security to Jewish institutions, like synagogues, schools and community centers.But those protocols can do little to vanquish feelings of unease.“We ourselves have friends who are in Israel, and no one is straying very far from the shelters,” said Mr. Silber, who hid in a bomb shelter in Ashdod during the Oct. 7 attack, when he was in Israel for work. “You never know when the next siren is going to go off and you’ll have to scramble for shelter.”Fear has been widespread in Iran as well, where few people have access to the sort of shelters or early warning system that has helped save lives in Israel.After watching the devastation in Gaza and Lebanon over the past year, it has been frightening for Iranians in New York to contemplate the destruction that outright war could cause in Iran.“My friends and family in Tehran have been terrified — this is terrorizing a country of 80 million people,” said Leili, who hopes to one day see a democratic government in Iran. “I am not pro-regime, but this is damaging to all life in Iran and all possibility of a more hopeful future there."June 15, 2025, 12:36 p.m. ETJohnatan ReissReporting from Tel AvivTzachi Hanegbi, Israel’s national security adviser, said Iran had been targeting Israel’s energy infrastructure in its recent missile strikes. “They are trying to plunge Israel into darkness, to sow chaos in Israel,” he said on Channel 12, an Israeli broadcaster. Israelis were concerned that potential Hezbollah attacks on the country’s energy infrastructure would cause a blackout during their war in late 2024, but it did not materialize at the time.June 15, 2025, 12:19 p.m. ETIn his first television interview since Israel struck Iran, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said Israeli intelligence found that Iran had enough uranium to build nine nuclear bombs but did not provide any evidence for that claim.“We will not have a second holocaust, a nuclear holocaust,” Netanyahu said in an interview with Bret Baier on Fox News. Israeli intelligence, Netanyahu added, showed that Iran intended to give those nuclear weapons to its proxies, including the Houthis.While international inspectors recently reported a surge in Iran’s near-bomb-grade uranium, and Iran could quickly boost that fuel to bomb-grade, it would take months, and maybe up to a year, to produce a workable weapon.June 15, 2025, 12:12 p.m. ETIran’s ISNA news agency released photos of the aftermath of an Israeli strike from earlier today on a residential neighborhood in central Tehran.The photos showed injured men, women and children, with some people fleeing, carrying young children. Two men lie on the pavement bleeding as people tried to tend to their injuries. A woman stood crying as she held an infant, whose clothes and feet were covered in what seemed to be someone else’s blood.June 15, 2025, 12:10 p.m. ETJohnatan ReissReporting from Tel AvivThe Israeli military said it struck the Mashhad Airport in eastern Iran a short while ago, calling it the deepest strike inside Iran since Friday. Footage verified by The New York Times showed smoke at the airport from an apparent strike, but it was not immediately clear what had been hit.Reports say the Israeli Air Force struck a refueling aircraft at Mashhad Airport in eastern Iran, according to the IDF. Mashhad is about 2,300 km from Israel — reportedly the longest-range Israeli strike on Iran to date. pic.twitter.com/tN7xvIAOhe— WarTranslated (@wartranslated) June 15, 2025June 15, 2025, 12:01 p.m. ETJohnatan ReissReporting from Tel AvivIsrael’s foreign minister, Gideon Saar, told CNN on Sunday that “The goal is not a regime change. The cabinet had decided on the objectives, it was not one of the objectives. This is for the Iranian people to decide.”On the scope of U.S. military support, Saar said, “Of course, the U.S. is a sovereign state, they have their calculations and they’ll decide,” adding that Israel was grateful generally for America’s support, “but it’s not for us to decide what other nations will do in that context.”June 15, 2025, 11:56 a.m. ETSome residents of Tehran worried about how the conflict would intensify.Credit...Arash Khamooshi for The New York TimesAs Israel and Iran attacked each other with fresh strikes, Iranian citizens’ early hopes that the conflict would be short-lived were giving way on Sunday to fear that the violence they were seeing outside their windows will not end anytime soon.In voice notes and text messages, some residents of Tehran described to The New York Times what it was like living under the Israeli barrage. All asked to use only their first name because of the heightened security situation.In some places, residents were close enough to see missiles streaking across the sky and the fireballs, smoke and rubble left behind their impacts. Behzed, a 40-year-old copyright expert, saw the aftermath of Israel’s attack on a fuel depot in northern Tehran from the rooftop of her home a few miles away.“The explosion was clearly visible, its glow illuminating the nearby mountain,” she said. “I never imagined witnessing such a scene in my city during my lifetime.”Ali, a 43-year-old engineer in Tehran, said that “on the first night of the attacks, we thought it would be temporary.”“But the second night was overwhelming; we barely slept,” he added.He said he and his wife have tried to shield their young children “from the situation, avoiding TV and words like ‘war’ to keep them from sensing our anxiety.”“We still hope this will pass soon,” he continued, “but deaths and casualties are hitting closer to home.” He had hoped that Iran would resume negotiations with the United States to end the war, but after talks scheduled to take place in Oman this weekend were canceled, his mood shifted. “My hope is fading,” he said.That sentiment was echoed by Arash, a 42-year-old psychologist, who said this conflict seemed different from earlier clashes with Israel.“Many people remain in denial, hoping this crisis will end soon, but the atmosphere is gradually shifting,” he said.A part of Tehran that was damaged in Israeli strikes on Friday.Credit...Arash Khamooshi for The New York Times“Increasingly, people are realizing that this wave of attacks differs from previous ones, which typically involved a single strike followed by a two-week lull,” he added. “Now, life feels like it’s on hold.”Internet access has been restricted since the first attacks, adding to the uncertainty, Arash said. “Residents are desperate for news about the explosions,” he explained, and are trying to find virtual private networks to bypass restrictions.In recent days, some Iranians have also expressed anger at the leaders of Israel and sometimes their own country, with many saying that the violence reminded them of the Iran-Iraq war of the 1980s or the Iranian revolution of 1979.Sepideh, a teacher, blamed the Iranian government’s “misguided decisions” for economic hardships, including inflation and the heavy sanctions imposed on it, which had weakened the country before the conflict.She said that she had seen videos circulating on social media, showing some Iranians celebrating after the Israeli assault. “They believe that attacks targeting Iranian leaders could lead to their freedom, even at the cost of national resources,” she said.June 15, 2025, 10:52 a.m. ETIran’s health ministry said that at least 128 people have been killed and more than 900 injured since Friday in Israel’s attacks on Iran.June 15, 2025, 10:51 a.m. ETIran’s foreign minister, Abbas Araghchi, has said that Tehran does not want to see the conflict between Iran and Israel spread to the rest of the region, according to Iranian state news media. “The Persian Gulf is a very sensitive and complex region, and any military developments there could involve not only the entire region, but also the world,” he said, according to the IRNA news agency.It reported that Araghchi blamed Israel for escalating the crisis, telling a meeting of diplomats and ambassadors that “on the first night, we only hit military targets,” but then Israel’s attacks on economic targets, like Iran’s oil industry, “prompted a response with strikes on economic targets.”June 15, 2025, 10:47 a.m. ETPresident Trump urged Israel and Iran to reach an agreement to end their armed conflict. “Iran and Israel should make a deal, and will make a deal,” he wrote this morning in a post on Truth Social, his social media platform. “We will have PEACE, soon, between Israel and Iran! Many calls and meetings now taking place.”It remains unclear, however, if and when Israel and Iran will agree to stop attacking each other, and Trump did not say in his post what he believed “a deal” between the two sides should entail.June 15, 2025, 10:32 a.m. ETAaron BoxermanRawan Sheikh Ahmad and Gabby SobelmanAaron Boxerman reported from Bat Yam, Israel, Rawan Sheikh Ahmad from Tamra, Israel, and Gabby Sobelman from Rehovot, Israel.A building damaged by an Iranian missile attack in Bat Yam, Israel, on Sunday.Credit...Avishag Shaar-Yashuv for The New York TimesDebris from the overnight Iranian missile barrage filled the streets of Rehovot in central Israel on Sunday morning. Bloodstained bandages and white surgical gloves lay by a roadside bench. Rescue workers picked through shattered glass, searching for survivors.“Is there anyone inside?” a police officer shouted, peering into a shop damaged by the strikes.Israelis were waking up — if they had managed to sleep between recurring air-raid sirens — to more significant casualties after the second night of fighting with Iran, which began on Friday with a surprise Israeli attack on Tehran’s nuclear program and military leadership.At least 10 people were killed across the country, including women and children, and many wounded after Iranian missiles managed to evade the country’s sophisticated air defenses and strike in Rehovot; Bat Yam, just south of Tel Aviv; and Tamra, an Arab town in northern Israel.Scores of people were injured, most of them lightly, in the powerful blasts, according to the Israeli authorities. Six were seriously wounded and another 22 were deemed to be in moderate condition, according to the Israeli government.In Bat Yam, the Iranian missile barrage devastated a multistory apartment complex, killing at least six people and wounding many others, according to the Israeli authorities. On Sunday morning, orange-vested emergency workers were making their way through the rubble to search for those still unaccounted for.Michael Guberman, 22, described seeking shelter alongside his father in a shared bomb shelter on the sixth floor of the apartment complex. The wail of air-raid sirens had died down when suddenly, everything shook, he said.“There was a huge explosion,” said Mr. Guberman, clutching their pet dog. “The door flew off its hinges.”The shelter was suddenly dark, full of choking dust and the sound of screaming, Mr. Guberman recalled.Paramedics arrived to help them navigate, slowly, out of the damaged building. In the light from emergency workers’ flashlights, Mr. Guberman said he could see blood on the floor.“I still can’t believe that this was real, that this happened,” he said.Five of the people killed in the strike in Bat Yam were Ukrainian nationals, including three minors, Ukraine’s foreign ministry said in a statement on Sunday. Bat Yam has a large community of immigrants who moved to Israel after the fall of the Soviet Union.In Rehovot, a missile strike wounded around 40 people and heavily damaged buildings, according to Magen David Adom, the country’s emergency service. A research center at the Weizmann Institute of Science, a prominent Israeli university, sustained severe damage and caught fire.Israel has some of the world’s most-sophisticated air defenses, leading to relatively low casualties from rocket fire and drone attacks — given the thousands of projectiles fired by militant groups since the war with Hamas began in October 2023.One side effect has often been public nonchalance about such attacks. But the ballistic missile fire from heavily armed Iran is both harder for Israel to intercept and more dangerous when it manages to evade the country’s defenses.Residents of Tamra, an Arab town in northern Israel, mourned three women and a girl on Sunday — all members of the same family — killed in the attacks after an Iranian missile directly struck their home, reducing much of it to rubble.Manar Khatib, 41, was killed alongside her two daughters, Shada Khatib, a 20-year-old law student, and Hala Khatib, 13. Her sister-in-law, also named Manar, was killed as well. Ms. Khatib’s husband, Raja Khatib, survived alongside their third daughter.Yassin Wahid, 63, a neighbor, stood in the ruins of his own destroyed home just yards away from where the missile had landed. Still visibly shaken, he recounted how he and his wife had taken shelter in their safe room, and later emerged to see “the neighborhood torn apart.”At about one-fifth of Israel’s population, the country’s Arab minority — many of whom identify as Palestinians — often finds itself caught in the middle of broader conflicts. Many oppose Israel’s war in Gaza, as well as the ruling coalition government, which relies heavily on the Jewish far-right. But they are also in the line of fire in attacks on Israel.“We’re stuck between the hammer and the anvil. What happens to the Israelis happens to us,” said Abdallah Hijazi, 47, whose wife and daughter were lightly injured in the blast.Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu of Israel toured the scene in Bat Yam on Sunday afternoon flanked by aides. He gave a brief statement arguing that the Iranian missile attack strengthened his justification for the Israeli government’s offensive launched against Iran on Friday: that Iran’s nuclear ambitions were an existential threat.“That is why we have embarked on a war of salvation against a double threat of annihilation,” Mr. Netanyahu said.In Bat Yam, Eldad Albow, a 47-year-old father of two young girls, struck a conflicted note about the campaign against Iran. Mr. Albow’s home — just a few dozen yards away from where the missile hit — was damaged by the blast.“My older daughter understood what was happening a bit more. My youngest was hysterical; even now I don’t think she can grasp it,” said Mr. Albow, sitting in a school gymnasium where evacuees had gathered.Like many Israelis, Mr. Albow was broadly supportive of Mr. Netanyahu’s decision to launch the attack. He said he hoped that Israel would attack even more aggressively if possible to prevent a nuclear-armed Iran.But he also wondered aloud whether the government had fully thought through its decision to go forward given what appeared to be U.S. reservations. Many experts think Israel needs American backing to fully root out Iran’s nuclear sites, some of which are deep underground.“It might be better to say at that point: We both got blows in, let’s wrap it up,” said Mr. Albow. “Otherwise we’re in for even crazier and more dangerous days.”“We’re still waiting to see what happens tonight,” he added.Constant Méheut contributed reporting from Kyiv, Ukraine.Residents and rescue forces sit inside a bomb shelter in a building damaged by an Iranian missile barrage in Bat Yam.Credit...Avishag Shaar-Yashuv for The New York TimesRescue forces search for people trapped in a building in Bat Yam.Credit...Avishag Shaar-Yashuv for The New York TimesJune 15, 2025, 10:07 a.m. ETBrig. Gen. Ahmad Vahidi speaking in Tehran last year. He has served as defense and interior minister, and the United States and others have imposed sanctions on him for human rights violations. Credit...Abedin Taherkenareh/EPA, via ShutterstockIran named Brig. Gen. Ahmad Vahidi as the new head of the powerful Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps after his predecessor, Gen. Hossein Salami, was killed in an Israeli airstrike on Friday.Here’s what to know about the new leader of a group created to defend Iran’s Islamic system.General Vahidi is best known outside Iran as a suspect in the 1994 bombing of a Jewish cultural center in Buenos Aires that killed 85 people and wounded hundreds more.Prosecutors in Argentina have issued arrest warrants for five Iranian officials, including General Vahidi, for “conceiving, planning, financing and executing” the attack. Interpol issued an alert, known as a Red Notice, in 2007 to inform the international law enforcement community that a national arrest warrant was outstanding.General Vahidi was born in 1958 in the central Iranian city of Shiraz. During the Iranian revolution in 1979, he had been studying electronic engineering at Shiraz University and around that time he joined the I.R.G.C., as well as revolutionary committees, according to Iranian media. He later received a Ph.D. in strategic studies.During the eight-year Iran-Iraq war, which began in 1980, he held a number of senior security roles. He went on to lead the I.R.G.C.’s Quds Force, which specializes in intelligence and directs operations outside Iran, from 1988 until 1998.From 2005, General Vahidi served as deputy defense minister and he was made defense minister in 2009, holding the post until 2013. He was also Iran’s interior minister for three years until last August.The United States, the European Union, Canada and Britain have imposed sanctions on General Vahidi for human rights violations.June 15, 2025, 9:28 a.m. ETLeily NikounazarEarlier today, Iran’s government advised citizens to take shelter in mosques, schools and subway tunnels. In remarks carried by Iranian news media, a cabinet spokeswoman, Fatemeh Mohajeranim said that most services would be staffed remotely, while banks and healthcare centers would continue to operate with reduced staff. “We are in a state of war, a war that has been imposed on us,” Mohajerani said, urging calm during a news briefing.June 15, 2025, 9:16 a.m. ETJohnatan ReissReporting from Tel AvivSirens warning of incoming missiles just went off in parts of central Israel, including in Tel Aviv and Jerusalem, and parts of the Israeli-occupied West Bank. The Israeli military said earlier that it had detected missile launches from Iran.Credit...Avishag Shaar-Yashuv for The New York TimesJune 15, 2025, 8:51 a.m. ETVivian Nereim and Isabel KershnerVivian Nereim reported from Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and Isabel Kershner from Jerusalem.Israel bombed Yemen overnight in an attempt to kill a senior military official for the Iranian-backed Houthi militia, an Israeli military official said on Sunday, speaking on the condition of anonymity in line with army rules.The airstrike targeted Mohamed Al-Ghamari, the Houthi military’s chief of staff, the Israeli official said, adding that he could provide no further information about the strike.A senior Houthi political official, Mohammed al-Bukhaiti, told The New York Times that Israel “has not succeeded in targeting any leader” from the group.“As for us, we are all prepared for martyrdom — from the smallest fighter to the highest-ranking leader,” he said. “We will continue to fight in defense of ourselves and our nation”The bombing in Yemen raised the possibility that a regional conflict that is already being waged on multiple fronts, as Israel and the Houthi have traded attacks in recent months, could escalate.The Houthis, who have received support, weaponry and training from Iran, have frequently fired ballistic missiles at Israel, saying they were acting in solidarity with Hamas in Gaza. Most of the Houthi missiles were intercepted by Israeli and American air defenses, although one landed near Israel’s main international airport in May, injuring several people.The Israeli military said that the Houthis fired at least one ballistic missile at Israel overnight.Israel has also struck Yemen repeatedly. The attacks include a strike that caused severe damage to Yemen’s main international airport and others that targeted a vital port controlled by the Houthis.A Houthi military spokesman, Yahya Saree, said on Sunday that the group had also launched ballistic missiles at Israel in coordination with the Iranian military’s strikes. He called on “the rest of the Arab and Islamic countries and peoples” to take up arms “to stop the Israeli crimes against your people in Gaza — for what befalls them today will befall you tomorrow.”Shuaib Almosawa contributed reporting from Sana, Yemen.