Axiom-4 to launch on Thursday; ISRO refreshes samples for astronaut Shukla's experiments

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Not all experiments need a refresh. Only those that involve live organisms or biological samples, such as microbes, seeds, and cells, need to be refreshed since they degrade or change when left unused for too long pre-launch. To avoid failure, ISRO will replace or re-prepare samples to ensure they remain scientifically valid on the ISS.