DAVID E. SANGER2025年6月16日全国范围内的“不要国王”抗议活动由200多个团体组织。 Jordan Gale for The New York TimesPresident Trump presided over a show of American military might in the nation’s capital on Saturday evening, a celebration of the 250th anniversary of the United States Army that became a test of wills and competing imagery, with demonstrators around the country decrying his expansion of executive power.周六傍晚，特朗普总统在首都华盛顿主持了庆祝美国陆军建军250周年的阅兵式，展示美国的军事实力。阅兵式与全国各地的示威者谴责特朗普扩大行政权力的抗议活动形成了意志的较量和形象的博弈。Mr. Trump sat in a reviewing stand on Constitution Avenue as armored vehicles dating from two World Wars and overflights of 80-year old bombers and modern helicopters shook downtown Washington. The city was locked down, divided by a wall of tall, black crowd-control fences designed to assure that the parade, the first of its kind since American troops returned from the Gulf War in 1991, was an uninterrupted demonstration of history and American power.特朗普坐在宪法大道的检阅台上，观看装甲车队（包括两次世界大战年代的装甲车）从面前驶过，同时，有80年机龄的轰炸机和现代的直升机隆隆作响地从华盛顿市中心上空飞过。全城采取了封控措施，高高的黑色围栏将人群隔离在阅兵场地外——这是自美军1991年海湾战争归来后的首次此类活动——以确保阅兵式不受干扰地展示历史和国力。It went off without a hitch, but also without even a nod to the current moment. When Mr. Trump left his seat between his wife, Melania Trump, and Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth, it was to swear in new soldiers — “Have a great life,” he told them after the brief ceremony — and then, at sundown, to recall the Army’s greatest moments.虽然阅兵式顺利进行，但仪式上看不出一点对时局的回应。特朗普曾一度离开位于妻子梅拉尼娅和国防部长皮特·海格塞斯之间的座位给新兵们宣誓，那个简短仪式结束后，他对新兵们说：“祝你们拥有精彩人生！”后来，他在日落时分发表了讲话，回顾了陆军历史上最辉煌的时刻。He invoked George Washington and recalled Gettysburg. Yet he spoke more to the Army’s power than to its purpose. “Time and again, America’s enemies have learned that you threaten the American people, soldiers are coming for you. Your defeat will be certain, your demise will be final, and your downfall will be total and complete.”他提到了乔治·华盛顿，回顾了葛底斯堡战役。但他提的更多的是陆军的实力，而非使命。“美国的敌人一次又一次地学到，如果他们威胁美国的人民，美国的军人不会放过他们。他们的失败是必定的，灭亡是不可逆转的，覆灭终将彻底。”Hours before he left the White House, the day had already encapsulated the sharpness of America’s divide over immigration, free speech and Mr. Trump’s determination to reshape the government, universities and cultural institutions to adopt his worldview.早在他离开白宫前往阅兵场的几小时前，那天就已浓缩了美国社会在移民、言论自由，以及特朗普决意按照自己的世界观重塑政府、大学和文化机构等问题上的尖锐分歧。By design, military parades are part national celebration and part international intimidation, and Mr. Trump has wanted one in Washington since he attended a Bastille Day parade in Paris in 2017. Formally, the parade celebrates the decision by the Second Continental Congress on June 14, 1775, to raise a unified, lightly armed force of colonialists after the shock of the battles with British forces at Lexington and Concord. That army, which George Washington took command of a month later, ultimately expelled the far larger, better armed colonial force.阅兵式从来即是爱国主义的庆典，也是为了对外的震慑。自从2017年在巴黎观看了巴士底日阅兵以来，特朗普就一直想在华盛顿举行阅兵。这次阅兵形式上是为纪念第二届大陆会议1775年6月14日的决定——在列克星敦和康科德与英军作战的震撼下，会议决定组建一支由殖民者组成的一体化的轻武装部队。这支一个月后由乔治·华盛顿担任统帅的军队最终赶走了数量更大、装备更精良的英国统治者军队。But no celebration of history takes place in a political vacuum. And protesters in large cities and small towns from Seattle to Key West showed up in overwhelmingly peaceful demonstrations against how Mr. Trump was making use of the modern force. His decisions over the past week to federalize the National Guard and call the Marines into the streets of Los Angeles, in support of his immigration roundups, has supercharged a debate about whether he is abusing the powers of the commander in chief.然而，任何庆祝历史的活动都不是在政治真空中进行的。从西雅图到基韦斯特，全美大城小镇的抗议者走上街头，用绝大多数为和平的方式举行示威，抗议特朗普滥用当代武装力量。他过去一周做出的决定——让国民警卫队听从联邦政府调遣，把海军陆战队员派到洛杉矶的街上，为他的移民围捕行动提供支持，已让关于他是否滥用了总司令权力的争论更加激烈。亚特兰大周六举行的“不要国王”抗议活动，这是全国数百场抗议活动之一。It was a split-screen show of force. Roughly 2,000 protests, under the slogan “No Kings,” pushed back against what the crowds decried as authoritarian overreach. While the big-city rallies attracted the attention and the cameras, smaller events were organized in rural areas, including three dozen in Indiana, a state Mr. Trump won last November by 19 points.这是这两种力量的对比展示。美国各地周六当天发生了约2000起抗议活动，人们喊着“不要国王”的口号，群众谴责他们认为的专制越权行为。尽管大城市的集会吸引了更多关注和镜头，但农村地区也组织了不少规模较小的活动，包括印第安纳州举行的36场抗议活动，特朗普去年11月曾以19个百分点的优势赢得该州。In Dallas, another stronghold of Mr. Trump’s support, crowds of protesters stretched across a wide street for at least five blocks. The Houston protest looked more like a block party, with dances to Mexican music and cool-offs in a fountain.达拉斯是特朗普的另一处票仓，那里的抗议队伍在一条宽阔的街道上延伸了至少五个街区。休斯顿的抗议活动看起来更像是街区派对，人们在墨西哥音乐的伴随下跳舞，在喷泉里冲凉。But in Los Angeles, which has seen a week of demonstrations, car-burnings and episodic violence, a large crowd gathered downtown, spreading over several city blocks. As the evening wore on and an 8 p.m. curfew approached, tensions rose, with the police using chemical irritants in an attempt to disperse some protesters from a complex of federal buildings and officers on horseback charging toward groups of others and swinging their batons to break them up.但洛杉矶的气氛更紧张一点，那里已经发生了一周的示威活动，以及焚烧汽车等偶然的暴力事件。周六聚集在市中心的抗议者人群覆盖了几个街区。随着夜幕降临，晚上8点的宵禁时限临近，紧张气氛不断升级。在联邦大楼外，警察试图使用化学刺激物驱散聚集的抗议者，在其他地方，骑警冲向人群，挥舞警棍企图强行清场。Back in Washington, the organizers of the America250 events, for which this is the first big production, sold a “dedicated V.I.P. experience” to large donors, and red MAGA hats to the president’s supporters. It is also Mr. Trump’s 79th birthday, though he has insisted the celebration is about the army, not him. Organizers expected veterans of the Korea and Vietnam conflicts to turn out along with those who fought in Afghanistan and Iraq, two wars that Mr. Trump — and many Democrats — have declared were wastes of lives and money.再说华盛顿这边。这次阅兵是“美国250”组织者的首场大制作，组织者把“专属VIP体验”票卖给了大额捐赠者们，还向总统的支持者出售红色的MAGA（让美国再次伟大）帽子。当天也是特朗普的79岁生日，尽管他坚称庆祝活动是为军队，无关个人。组织者们预期参加过朝鲜战争和越南战争的老兵，以及在阿富汗和伊拉克战争中打过仗的老兵出席了阅兵式，后两场战争曾被特朗普——以及许多民主党人——批评为浪费生命和金钱。Mr. Trump has defended the spending of as much as $45 million — including the cost of repairing Washington’s streets from the damage expected from rolling 60-ton tanks down Constitution Avenue — as a small price to pay to stoke national pride and to remind the world of America’s hard power. He told an interviewer on NBC last month that the price tag was “peanuts compared to the value of doing it.”特朗普为此次高达4500万美元的开支进行了辩护，这笔钱包括修复华盛顿市内道路的费用，60吨重的坦克从宪法大道上驶过会损坏道路。他说对激发民族自豪感、提醒世界美国的硬实力来说，这是笔小钱。他上个月接受NBC采访时说，这笔钱“与这样做的价值相比微不足道”。Every minute was broadcast on Fox News and other conservative networks and streaming services, while the legacy cable networks kept to their ordinary programming. One Fox broadcaster declared the parade showed that “America means business,” and another argued that the show of force rolling alongside the Mall would provide “succor to our allies” and “strike a little bit of fear and a little bit of deterrence” into American enemies.福克斯新闻等保守派电视网和流媒体平台全程转播了阅兵式，而老式有线电视网则维持常规节目安排。福克斯新闻的一名主播说，这场阅兵表明“美国说话算数”；另一位则称，沿国家广场两边滚滚而来的武力展示将“给我们的盟友（提供）慰藉”，“给（美国的敌人）带来一点恐惧和一点威慑”。But in the run-up to the parade, Mr. Trump’s critics argued that such a display could do just the opposite, making the country look as if it were yearning for past glories while ignoring the risks of treating allies as if they are a burden.但在为阅兵做准备期间，特朗普的批评者指出，这种展示可能有适得其反的后果，让人觉得美国似乎沉湎于过去的辉煌，却忽视将盟友视为负担的风险。Mr. Trump’s political advisers bet that half the country or more would enjoy watching the display of Army history, from the World War I tanks to the twin-prop B-25 Mitchells that swept over neighborhoods in northwest Washington on their way to the flyover, as much as Mr. Trump’s ever-evolving definition of what “America First” means to his presidency. Parades are pure showmanship, and Mr. Trump is the master showman.特朗普的政治顾问们心中确信，半数甚至更多的美国人会喜欢看这场美国陆军历史的展示，从“一战”时期的坦克，到从华盛顿西北部的街道上空飞过、前往阅兵场做飞行表演的双螺旋桨B-25“米切尔”轰炸机。这些顾问们笃信，这些画面会像特朗普对“美国优先”理念在其总统任期内不断变化的定义一般，令半数甚至更多的美国人津津乐道。阅兵纯粹是作秀，而特朗普则是最擅长表演的大师。Yet a military parade is also an unvarnished celebration of America’s hard power, even if this one was dominated by huge equipment, like the M-1 Abrams tank, that seems antiquated in an age of drones and cyberweapons. (Of the 31 Abrams tanks given to Ukraine over the past two years, only a handful remain operational; most were taken out by the Russians or sidelined by breakdowns.)但阅兵也是对美国硬实力赤裸裸的颂扬，尽管这场阅兵主要展示了像M-1艾布拉姆斯坦克这样的巨型装备，在一个无人机和网络武器时代，这些装备显得有些过时。（乌克兰在过去两年里得到的31辆艾布拉姆斯坦克中，现在只有少数还能作战；大多数已被俄军摧毁或因故障瘫痪。）And it comes at a moment the administration has been ridiculing as wasteful such efforts as providing global aid, battling H.I.V. or backing basic research at universities that Mr. Trump has gone to war against. The parade’s estimated cost will amount to about a fifth of the annual budget of the Voice of America, which had millions of listeners around the world until Mr. Trump took it off the air this spring.在白宫将全球援助、艾滋病防治和高校基础研究等特朗普长期抨击的项目斥为浪费的同时，这场耗资约等于"美国之音"全年预算五分之一的阅兵却大张旗鼓上演——而这家曾拥有数百万全球听众的机构已在今春遭特朗普政府停播。一辆停在国家广场边上准备参加阅兵式的军车。预计这些重型车辆将损坏华盛顿的道路。The protests, which organizers deliberately kept outside Washington to avoid focusing more attention on the military celebration, had been planned for many weeks, as opposition to the administration’s efforts to dismiss expert opinion, oust the “deep state” and silence critics has mounted.美国各地的抗议活动已筹划了数周，组织者们特意将活动安排在华盛顿特区以外的地方，以避免让更多的注意力集中到阅兵式上。民众对特朗普政府打压专家意见、清除“深层政府”，以及噤声批评者等行径日益高涨深感不满。Mr. Trump’s decision to move 4,000 National Guard troops and 700 Marines into Los Angeles asserted a role for the military at home, which was exactly what had given the Continental Congress pause about creating a colonial army at all. That same concern, 250 years later, was expected to give the weekend protests mass and weight. They were further fueled by Mr. Trump’s speech at Fort Bragg in North Carolina last week, when he lumped in peaceful protesters with “troublemakers, agitators, insurrectionists,” and later said anyone protesting in Washington would be met with “very big force.”特朗普调动4000名国民警卫队员和700名海军陆战队员前往洛杉矶的决定明确肯定了军队在国内的作用，这正是大陆会议在组建殖民者军队的问题上犹豫不决的原因。250年后，同样的担忧让周末的抗议活动规模更大、更有力。特朗普上周在北卡罗来纳州的布拉格堡发表讲话，进一步激励了人们参加抗议活动，他把和平的抗议者与“麻烦制造者、煽动者、叛乱分子”归并在一起，后来还说，任何在华盛顿抗议的人都将遇到“非常大的力量”。David E. Sanger报道特朗普政府和一系列国家安全问题。他在时报任职超过40年，著有数本关于美国国家安全挑战的书。翻译：Cindy Hao点击查看本文英文版。