CHOE SANG-HUN2025年7月4日葛麻海滩的度假村。韩国媒体称这里是“朝鲜的威基基”。 Kim Won Jin/Agence France-Presse — Getty ImagesA new waterfront resort opened for business this week in North Korea with P.R. hype — but without the foreign visitors that the country’s leader, Kim Jong-un, hoped would one day arrive with tourist cash to offset financially punishing sanctions.朝鲜本周高调宣传新海滨度假区开业，但未迎来外国游客，朝鲜领导人金正恩曾希望有朝一日通过游客带来旅游收入，缓解严厉经济制裁。On Thursday, state media reported on North Korean families crowding a 2.5-mile-long scenic sandy beach on its central east coast, which began accepting tourists two days earlier. “The joy and optimism of the tourists were overflowing everywhere, and the song of happiness resounded in the windows of bright lodgings,” the North’s official Korean Central News Agency said.周四，朝鲜官方媒体报道称，朝鲜家庭游客挤满中部东海岸一个约四公里长的美丽海滩，该海滩于两天前开始接待游客。朝鲜官方的朝中社称：“到处洋溢着游客的喜悦和乐观，欢快的歌声在明亮的住所窗前回荡。”The resort, which is called Wonsan Kalma and can accommodate 20,000 people, is the most ambitious among the seafront or mountainside spa and ski resorts Mr. Kim has been building to attract foreign tourists. Mr. Kim, his wife and his daughter attended a ceremony in late June marking the completion of the facility.该度假村名为元山葛麻，可容纳2万人，是金正恩为吸引外国游客而建造的海滨或山边水疗滑雪度假村中最雄心勃勃的一个。金正恩及妻女出席了6月底举行的竣工仪式。Mr. Kim began promoting tourism after the United Nations imposed severe sanctions in 2017 that banned all of his country’s main exports, including coal and textiles. The sanctions were designed to strip North Korea of the means of earning foreign currency to finance its nuclear and missile programs. But they did not affect tourism, which Mr. Kim saw as a new source of sorely needed foreign currency.在联合国于2017年对朝鲜实施严厉制裁，禁止其出口包括煤炭和纺织品在内的所有主要产品后，金正恩开始推动旅游业的发展。制裁旨在切断其核计划和导弹计划的资金来源，但旅游业未受制裁影响，金正恩将该行业视为亟需的外汇新来源。Mr. Kim’s aims were best displayed in the transformation of Kalma Beach. North Korea used to fill it with pieces of artillery during military drills. In recent years, however, Mr. Kim has lined the beach with newly built water parks and multistory resort hotels. South Korean media nicknamed Kalma Beach “North Korea’s Waikiki.”葛麻海滩的改造工程堪称金正恩意图的最佳注脚。朝鲜曾在军事演习期间在这里摆满大炮。但近年来，金正恩在海滩上新建了水上公园和多层度假酒店，韩国媒体称葛麻海滩为“朝鲜的威基基”（威基基是夏威夷的著名海滩——译注）。周二，来自朝鲜国内的游客抵达元山葛麻。但中国尚未批准公民前往朝鲜旅游。But Mr. Kim’s tourism plans did not go as he had hoped. The pandemic led North Korea to shut its borders and dried up a stream of tourists from China that had numbered 300,000 a year. Mr. Kim’s new resort complexes remained half-finished or empty during that period. The country reopened its borders in 2023.但是，金正恩的旅游发展计划没有如愿开展。疫情导致朝鲜关闭国门，每年约30万人次的中国游客来源也因此枯竭。在此期间，金正恩新建的度假村一直处于未竣工或空置状态。朝鲜于2023年重新开放边境。In recent months, visits by hundreds of tourists from Russia have reflected warming ties between Pyongyang and Moscow, after North Korea supplied much-needed personnel and weaponry to aid Russia in its war against Ukraine.近几个月来，数百名俄罗斯游客的到访反映出平壤和莫斯科之间的关系正在升温。此前，朝鲜为俄罗斯对抗乌克兰的战争提供了急需的人员和武器。But China has yet to allow its citizens to travel to North Korea. Beijing is widely believed to be wary that North Korea will grow too close to Russia, which could reduce its leverage over a recalcitrant Pyongyang.但中国至今未批准公民前往朝鲜旅游。外界普遍认为，北京担心朝鲜与俄罗斯走得太近，这可能会削弱其对难以驯服的朝鲜的影响力。South Korea — the only other country that shares a border with North Korea — stopped sending tourists to the North in 2008, when it closed a joint inter-Korean tourism complex.韩国是除中国外唯一与朝鲜接壤的国家。2008年，韩国关闭了一个朝韩联合旅游园区，停止向朝鲜输送游客。On Thursday, North Korea’s state media released photos showing North Korean families bathing, water skiing, riding water slides and playing volleyball in the sand, as well as children splashing in the water with swimming tubes. But no foreign tourists were in sight.周四，朝鲜官方媒体发布的照片显示，朝鲜家庭在沙滩上沐浴、滑水、玩滑水道和打排球，还有孩子们拿着游泳圈戏水。但是看不到外国游客。Russian tourists were expected to visit the beach over the summer, South Korean officials said. But their numbers would be small, they said, given limited transportation options in North Korea (Kalma is about 130 miles, or 210 kilometers, from Pyongyang) and poor road conditions between the Russian border and Kalma Beach.韩国官员表示，预计今年夏天将有俄罗斯游客前往该海滩。但他们指出，考虑到朝鲜的交通选择有限（葛麻距离平壤约210公里），而且俄朝边境和葛麻海滩之间的道路状况不佳，因此游客不会很多。Choe Sang-Hun是时报驻首尔首席记者，报道韩国和朝鲜新闻。翻译：纽约时报中文网点击查看本文英文版。