HELENE COOPER, ERIC SCHMITT, JULIAN E. BARNES2025年6月23日一名美国官员说，六架B-2轰炸机向福尔多的核设施投下了12枚碉堡克星炸弹。 Sarah Silbiger/ReutersThe U.S. strikes on nuclear sites in Iran are an extraordinary turn for a military that was supposed to be moving on from two decades of forever wars in the Middle East, and they put the United States back on war footing.美国打击伊朗核设施的做法标志着一个极不寻常的转折，美军本应从长达20年的中东无休止战争中抽身，但这一举动却让美国再次准备在那里打仗。Across the region, where more than 40,000 American troops are on bases and warships, the strikes ushered in a period of high alert as the Pentagon braced for almost-certain retaliation from Iran.中东地区的基地和军舰上部署了逾4万名美军。这次打击行动让他们进入高度戒备状态，因为五角大楼已为伊朗几乎必将采取的报复行动做好准备。President Trump announced on social media that three Iranian sites were hit, including the mountain facility at Fordo. The bombs used in the strikes are believed to include “bunker busters,” which are designed to destroy deep underground bunkers or well-buried weapons in highly protected facilities.特朗普总统在社交媒体上宣布，美军打击了伊朗的三个核设施，包括位于福尔多山体下的的设施。打击使用的炸弹据说包括“碉堡克星”，这种炸弹是为摧毁深地掩体或被高度保护的地下武器设施设计的。A U.S. official who spoke on condition of anonymity to discuss confidential intelligence said that multiple 30,000-pound bunker-buster bombs were dropped on Fordo, and that initial damage assessments indicated that the facility had been “taken off the table.” The attack was the first time the U.S. military had used the weapon in combat.一名为了方便讨论涉密情报而要求不具名的美国官员说，美军对福尔多的核设施投下了多枚重达15吨的碉堡克星炸弹，初步的破坏评估表明，福尔多核设施已被“完全摧毁”。这次打击是美军首次在实战中使用这种炸弹。The strikes, whether successful or not, are likely to trigger a fierce response. Tehran has vowed to strike at American bases in the Middle East, and American intelligence agencies confirmed before the strikes took place that Iran would take steps to widen the war and hit U.S. forces in the region.无论此次打击是否成功，都可能引发激烈报复。伊朗政府已誓言要打击美国在中东的军事基地。美国情报机构在这次打击发生前就已确认，伊朗会采取步骤扩大战争，攻击位于该地区的美军部队。U.S. officials, speaking on condition of anonymity to discuss intelligence, said the strikes against the three nuclear sites were complete. The official said no follow-up attacks were expected, although commanders were ready to respond to any Iranian retaliation.因为讨论的是情报而要求不具名的多名美国官员说，打击这三个核设施的行动已经完成。前述官员表示，虽然预计不会有后续打击，但指挥官们已为回应伊朗的任何报复行动做好准备。A U.S. official said that six B-2 bombers dropped 12 bunker-buster bombs on Fordo, and Navy submarines fired 30 cruise missiles at Natanz and Isfahan. One B-2 also dropped two bunker-buster bombs on Natanz, the official said. The strikes are the culmination of years of planning by U.S. Central Command, which is responsible for operations in the region. But few thought those plans would be carried out so suddenly. They came more than a week after Israel launched attacks on Iran.一名美国官员说，六架B-2轰炸机向福尔多核设施投下了12枚碉堡克星炸弹，海军潜艇向纳坦兹和伊斯法罕发射了30枚巡航导弹。该官员还表示，一架B-2轰炸机也向纳坦兹投下了两枚枚碉堡克星炸弹。美国中央司令部负责中东地区的行动，这次打击是该司令部多年筹划的最终实施。但几乎没有人预料到这些计划会如此突然地执行。美国的打击发生在以色列对伊朗发动攻击一周多后。Iran responded with missile barrages of its own, as well as offers to resume negotiations over its nuclear development program.伊朗用导弹回击了以色列的行动，也提出了重启有关其核研发计划的谈判。Iran built the centrifuge facility at Fordo to prevent it from being attacked. In 1981, using F-15 and F-16 fighter jets, Israel bombed a nuclear facility near Baghdad as part of its effort to stop Iraq from acquiring nuclear weapons — a strike that basically stopped Iraq’s weapons program. That facility was above ground.伊朗在福尔多建造离心机设施是为了防止遭受打击。以色列曾在1981年使用F-15和F-16战斗机轰炸了巴格达附近的一处地面核设施，作为阻止伊拉克获得核武器努力的一部分，那次打击基本上摧毁了伊拉克的核武器计划。In its strikes on Iran, Israel has hit aboveground nuclear sites, but not Fordo. Only the United States has the GBU-57 Massive Ordnance Penetrator — the formal name for the bomb needed to reach the site. Previous American administrations have refused to give the bomb to Israel. Israel’s Air Force also does not have the warplanes needed to carry it.以色列在这次行动中也打击了伊朗的地面核设施，但未触及福尔多。只有美国拥有GBU-57巨型钻地弹（能打击福尔多设施的炸弹的正式名称）。美国的前几届政府一直拒绝把这种炸弹提供给以色列。以色列空军也没有能运载这种炸弹所需的战机。The bombs have thick steel cases and contain a smaller amount of explosives than similarly sized general-purpose bombs. The heavy casings allow the munition to stay intact as it punches through soil, rock or concrete before detonating.这种炸弹具有加厚钢外壳，其装药量低于同等体积的常规炸弹。重型外壳让炸弹在穿过土壤、岩石或混凝土直至引爆前完好无损。Iran has many ways to retaliate, including naval assets and other capabilities it would need to shut down the Strait of Hormuz, a move that could pin any U.S. Navy ships in the Persian Gulf, American military officials say. Iranian officials have threatened to mine the strait if the United States joined Israel’s attack on the country.美国军方官员指出，伊朗有许多报复的手段，包括动用海军力量和其他能力封锁霍尔木兹海峡，此举可能使美国在波斯湾的海军舰艇不能动弹。伊朗官员已威胁说，如果美国加入到以色列打击伊朗的行动中来，他们将在霍尔木兹海峡布雷。The narrow 90-mile waterway connecting the Persian Gulf to the open ocean is a key shipping route. A quarter of the world’s oil and 20 percent of the world’s liquefied natural gas passes through it. Mining the choke point would cause gas prices to soar.这条连接波斯湾和外海的狭窄水道长约150公里，是一条重要的货运航道。全球25%的石油和20%的液化天然气经此运输。在这个咽喉要地布雷将导致天然气价格飙升。Earlier this week, American minesweepers and other Navy vessels began dispersing to avoid attack.本周早些时候，美国的扫雷舰和其他海军舰艇已开始分散部署，以避免被袭。In his first term, Mr. Trump authorized a drone strike that killed a powerful Iranian general in Baghdad. Iran retaliated with a barrage of missiles fired at American troops in Iraq, leaving some 110 troops with traumatic brain injuries and unintentionally hitting a Ukrainian passenger jet, killing all 176 people aboard.特朗普上次担任总统期间曾授权了一次无人机空袭，打死了一名在巴格达访问的伊朗高级将领。作为报复，伊朗向驻伊拉克美军发射了大量导弹，给约110名美军士兵留下了脑外伤，并意外击中了一架乌克兰客机，导致机上176人全部遇难。Iran would not need much preparation to attack U.S. air and naval bases in the region. The Iranian military has missile bases within easy striking range of Bahrain, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates.伊朗不需要做太多准备就能打击中东地区的美国空军和海军基地。伊朗军队的导弹基地打击范围轻松涵盖巴林、卡塔尔以及阿联酋。Indeed, American officials said earlier this week that Iran had prepared missiles and other military equipment for strikes on U.S. bases in the region.其实，美国官员本周早些时候就已表示，伊朗早已为打击中东地区的美国基地做好了导弹和其他军事设施准备。Anticipating such an attack, American forces in recent days have been fortifying air defenses. On Saturday, American officials said that additional U.S. Air Force F-22, F-16, and F-35 fighter jets from the United States had transited bases in Europe and were positioned in the Middle East, with more coming.为了应对此类攻击，美军已在最近几天加强了空中防御。美国官员已在周六表示，美国空军从本土增派的F-22、F-16、F-35战机经欧洲基地中转，已部署到了中东，还有更多的战斗机要去那里。The United States has already sent about three dozen refueling aircraft to Europe that could be used to assist those fighters in protecting American bases.美国已将近40架加油机派往欧洲，它们可为那些战斗机提供支援以保护美军基地。In addition, the aircraft carrier Carl Vinson, with 60 aircraft aboard, including F-35 fighter jets, is currently steaming in the Arabian Sea. A second carrier, the Nimitz, canceled a port call in Vietnam earlier this week to rush to the region, and is expected to arrive in the next few days, U.S. officials said.此外，“卡尔·文森”号航空母舰目前正在阿拉伯海快速行驶，该航母载有包括F-35战斗机在内的60架飞机。美国官员说，另一艘航空母舰“尼米兹”号已在本周早些时候取消了在越南港口的停靠，正在赶往中东地区，预计将在未来几天到达。Helene Cooper是一名五角大楼记者。她此前曾任职编辑、外交记者和白宫记者。Eric Schmitt是《纽约时报》国家安全记者，主要关注美军事务以及海外反恐议题，他报道此类新闻已超过30年。Julian E. Barnes为《纽约时报》报道美国情报机构和国际安全事务。他撰写安全相关议题已有20余年。翻译：Cindy Hao点击查看本文英文版。获取更多RSS：https://feedx.net https://feedx.site