黄瑞黎, DAVID PIERSON2025年2月28日星期四，离开曼谷移民拘留中心的卡车。 Nuttaphol Meksobhon/Prachatai, via Associated PressThailand on Thursday deported 40 Uyghur asylum seekers back to China, drawing a sharp rebuke from U.N. officials and activists who had long warned that the men would possibly face torture and long-term imprisonment upon their return.周四，泰国将40名寻求庇护的维吾尔人遣返回中国，此举遭到联合国官员和活动人士的强烈谴责，他们长期以来一直警告说，这些人回国后可能面临酷刑和长期监禁。The deportations, which Thai officials said were carried out at Beijing’s request, are a major victory for China, showcasing its growing clout in the region in contrast to the United States, which has alienated allies and partners under the new Trump administration. Just three weeks earlier, Prime Minister Paetongtarn Shinawatra of Thailand had met with China’s leader, Xi Jinping, in Beijing to discuss a railway project and ways to increase Chinese tourism.泰国官员表示，驱逐行动是应北京的要求做出的，这是中国的一项重大胜利，展示了它在该地区日益增长的影响力，与在特朗普新政府领导下疏远盟友和伙伴的美国形成鲜明对比。就在三周前，泰国总理佩通坦·钦那瓦在北京会晤了中国领导人习近平，讨论了一个铁路项目，以及增加中国游客的方法。The United Nations’ refugee agency and Volker Türk, the U.N. human rights chief, called the deportations a clear violation of international law. Uyghur activists abroad deplored the decision.联合国难民机构和联合国人权事务高级专员福尔克尔·蒂尔克称驱逐行为明显违反国际法。海外维吾尔活动人士对这一决定表示谴责。一张匿名提供的照片显示，曼谷一个移民拘留中心里的维吾尔人，摄于今年2月。 Associated Press“I’m deeply saddened, worried and terrified about what’s going to happen to them next,” said Tahir Imin, a U.S.-based Uyghur activist who was previously imprisoned in China. “They will get unimaginable punishment. Torture, death and long-term imprisonment is guaranteed.” “我对他们今后的遭遇深感悲痛、担忧和恐惧，”曾在中国被监禁、现居美国的维吾尔活动人士塔希尔·伊明说。“他们将受到难以想象的惩罚。酷刑、死亡和长期监禁是肯定的。”China has used its power and influence to silence its critics abroad and pressure governments to repatriate citizens fleeing persecution. The Uyghurs will have likely been returned to the region of Xinjiang, where the authorities maintain a tight grip. In recent years the government has detained as many as one million Uyghurs and others in internment camps and prisons, stepped up birth control measures for Muslim women and placed Muslim children in boarding schools.中国一直在利用其权力和影响力压制国外的批评者，并向各国政府施压，要求遣返逃离迫害的中国公民。这些维吾尔人很可能被送回当局控制严密的新疆地区。近年来，政府将多达100万维吾尔人和其他民族的人关押在拘禁营和监狱，加强了对穆斯林女性的节育措施，并将穆斯林儿童安置在寄宿学校。The Uyghurs, who had been detained in Bangkok for over a decade, were part of a wave of more than 300 people who fled China in 2014, hoping to use Thailand as a transit point to get to Turkey, which is home to a sizable Uyghur community. Last month, some of the detainees, who are all men, went on a hunger strike amid fears of being returned to China.这些维吾尔人在曼谷被拘留了十多年，他们是2014年逃离中国的300多人中的一部分，他们希望把泰国作为中转站，前往土耳其，那里有一个庞大的维吾尔社区。上个月，由于担心被遣返中国，一些被拘留者（均为男性）进行了绝食抗议。Mr. Türk said the asylum seekers had been held in poor conditions in Thailand, with five dying in custody and eight believed to remain in detention.蒂尔克表示，这些寻求庇护者在泰国被关押期间条件很差，其中五人在拘留期间死亡，八人据信仍在拘留中。The plight of the detainees had drawn scrutiny from governments, including the United States, Canada and Japan. During his confirmation hearing for secretary of state last month, Marco Rubio said he would lobby Thailand not to send the Uyghurs back to China.The concern initially prompted the Thai authorities to pledge that they would not send the Uyghurs back. Yet rights activists who had been monitoring the situation began reporting in the early hours of Thursday that there were signs the Uyghurs were being prepared for deportation.被拘留者的困境引起了美国、加拿大和日本等各国政府的密切关注。在上个月的国务卿确认听证会上，马可·鲁比奥表示，他将游说泰国不要将维吾尔人送回中国。这种担忧最初促使泰国当局承诺不会遣返这些维吾尔人。然而，一直关注事态发展的人权活动人士在周四凌晨开始报告，有迹象表明，当局正准备驱逐这些维吾尔人。In downtown Bangkok around 2 a.m., a reporter witnessed six trucks that had their windows covered with black cloth leaving an immigrant detention center where the detained Uyghurs had been held. Several police cars accompanied the trucks, cordoning off traffic around them.凌晨两点左右，在曼谷市中心，一名记者目睹六辆用黑布遮住窗户的卡车，驶离关押维吾尔人的移民拘留中心。几辆警车跟着这些卡车，封锁了卡车周围的交通。A few hours later, an unscheduled China Southern Airlines flight took off from Bangkok to Kashgar in Xinjiang, the native homeland of Uyghurs, according to FlightRadar24, which tracks flights around the world. It landed just after noon local time.据追踪世界各地航班的应用程序FlightRadar24，几小时后，中国南方航空公司的一架临时航班从曼谷起飞，飞往这些维吾尔人的家乡新疆喀什，于当地时间午后时分降落。The decision to suddenly deport the Uyghurs was a stark reminder of the strengths of China’s diplomatic clout. It comes as Beijing has sought the repatriation of Chinese nationals from scam centers in Myanmar by taking them across the border to Thailand and putting them on planes back to China. Some analysts saw it as a direct exertion of China’s security policy in Thailand.突然驱逐维吾尔人的决定清楚地提醒人们，中国的外交影响力多么强大。与此同时，北京一直在寻求将中国公民从缅甸的诈骗中心遣送回国，方法是将他们带过边境，来到泰国，然后坐飞机返回中国。一些分析人士认为，这是中国在泰国直接实施安全政策的体现。“This recent pattern of Thailand catering to the Chinese government without due process will stand Thailand in bad stead with the United States when Washington is very aggressive,” said Thitinan Pongsudhirak, a political science professor at Chulalongkorn University. “It doesn’t generate good-will in the Muslim world, and worst of all, the Uyghurs will suffer.”“在华盛顿非常咄咄逼人的情况下，泰国最近这种不经正当程序就迎合中国政府的模式将使泰国在美国面前处于不利地位，”朱拉隆功大学政治学教授提提南·蓬苏迪拉克说。“这不会在穆斯林世界产生善意，最糟糕的是，维吾尔人会受到伤害。”Relations between the United States and Thailand, one of two U.S. allies in Southeast Asia, have been strained after a near-decade-long military rule. Part of Thailand’s apparent caving to Beijing could also reflect the shifting balance of power in Asia where the United States under President Trump, unlike the Biden administration, has shown less interest in highlighting human rights and democracy.泰国是美国在东南亚的两个盟友之一，在经历了近十年的军事统治后，美泰之间的关系一直紧张。泰国明显向北京屈服，在一定程度上可能也反映出亚洲力量平衡的变化，与拜登政府不同，特朗普总统领导下的美国对强调人权和民主的兴趣较小。“It seems to be that under the Biden administration, Bangkok came under U.S. pressure or influence not to yield, but this is no longer the case under the Trump Administration,” said Steve Tsang, director of the SOAS China Institute in London.“在拜登政府时期，曼谷似乎受到美国的压力或影响，没有（向中国）屈服，但在特朗普政府时期，情况不再是这样，”伦敦SOAS中国研究所所长曾锐生说。“It is a significant setback for human rights,” Mr. Tsang added. “It also goes further to show that the old image of the U.S. being the shining house on the hill is being changed to something else, something increasingly indistinguishable from what China under Xi represents.”“这是人权方面的重大挫折，”曾锐生还说。“这也进一步表明，美国作为闪闪发光的山巅之屋的旧形象正在发生改变，与习近平领导下的中国所代表的东西越来越没有区别。”Julie Millsap of No Business With Genocide, a Washington-based group that has been lobbying governments to free the Uyghurs, said she was told by U.S. officials that the State Department and the National Security Council had tried to pressure the Thai government to release the Uyghurs. However, those efforts were undermined by the withdrawal of U.S.A.I.D. funding to Thailand, she said.总部设在华盛顿的组织“不与种族灭绝交易”一直在游说各国政府释放维吾尔人，该组织的朱莉·米尔萨普说，美国官员告诉她，国务院和国家安全委员会曾试图向泰国政府施压，要求释放维吾尔人。然而，由于美国国际发展署撤销了对泰国的资助，这些努力遭到了破坏。 “The Thais kind of weighed the potential backlash and decided that they would rather deal with the United States than Chinese pressure,” Ms. Millsap said.“泰国人在权衡潜在的反制措施后，决定宁愿应对美国的压力，而不是中国的压力，”米尔萨普说。There was no immediate comment from the U.S. Embassy in Bangkok.美国驻曼谷大使馆没有立即置评。For hours on Thursday, Thai officials refused to confirm that they had sent the Uyghurs back. Ms. Paetongtarn told reporters that she had yet to discuss the issue with officials, even as opposition lawmakers and reporters pressed her government for answers.周四的几个小时里，泰国官员拒绝证实他们已经遣返了这些维吾尔人。佩通坦告诉记者，她尚未与官员讨论这个问题，尽管反对派议员和记者向她的政府施压，要求给出答案。After they finally acknowledged the deportations, officials scrambled into damage-control mode. They held news briefings to defend the move, reflecting a concern about the blow this might be to Thailand’s global image.在最终承认驱逐行动后，官员们匆忙进入损害控制模式。他们召开新闻发布会为此举辩护，这反映出他们担心此举可能会对泰国的全球形象造成打击。The officials cast the Uyghurs not as asylum seekers but as undocumented immigrants. They cited assurances from the Chinese government — including the Chinese premier, Li Qiang — that the men would be treated well, without addressing the well-documented threat of retaliation that the Uyghurs would face. They said that Thai officials would be allowed to visit the Uyghurs. They displayed pictures purportedly showing the Uyghurs reunited with their families.官员们称这些维吾尔人不是寻求庇护者，而是非法移民。他们援引了中国政府的保证，包括中国总理李强的话，称这些人会受到善待，但没有提及这些维吾尔人将面临有据可查的报复威胁。他们说，泰国官员将被允许探望这些维吾尔人。他们展示了据称是这些维吾尔人与家人团聚的照片。When asked why the Uyghurs had to be smuggled out in the dead of the night, Thailand’s police chief, Kittirat Panpetch, told reporters that it was for their safety. He added that it was normal for the government to send illegal immigrants back.当被问及为什么要在夜深人深的时候把这些维吾尔人偷运出去时，泰国警察局长基提拉特·潘佩奇告诉记者，这是为了他们的安全。他还说，政府将非法移民遣返是正常的做法。A Chinese foreign ministry spokesman did not directly answer a question about whether the Uyghurs had been deported, saying that 40 Chinese nationals who had illegally entered Thailand had been repatriated on Thursday. Statements carried by official Chinese news agencies depicted the return of the citizens as a rescue effort, saying that they had been deceived by criminal groups and been stranded in Thailand.中国外交部发言人没有直接回答有关这些维吾尔人是否已被遣返的问题，他说，周四，40名非法进入泰国的中国公民被遣返。中国官方新闻机构发表的声明将这些公民的返回描述为一次救援行动，称他们被犯罪集团欺骗，被困在泰国。In 2015, when Thailand deported 109 Uyghurs to China, the Thai government said that the Chinese government “had guaranteed their safety.” But rights activists said later that a few of the deportees had received long prison sentences, and they were never able to track the whereabouts of the rest.2015年，泰国将109名维吾尔人遣返中国时，泰国政府称中国政府“保证了他们的安全”。但人权活动人士后来表示，一些被驱逐者被判处长期监禁，他们一直无法追踪其余者的下落。Muktita Suhartono自新加坡、Nick Cumming-Bruce自日内瓦对本文有报道贡献。黄瑞黎(Sui-Lee Wee)是《纽约时报》东南亚分社社长，负责该地区11个国家的报道。点击此处查看更多关于她的信息。David Pierson报道中国外交政策和中国与世界的经济与文化交互。他从事新闻工作已超过20年。点击查看更多关于他的信息。翻译：纽约时报中文网点击查看本文英文版。