TONY ROMM2025年5月30日自上任以来，特朗普总统一直使用联邦紧急权力法实施其贸易政策。 Doug Mills/The New York TimesA federal appeals court on Thursday temporarily agreed to preserve many of President Trump’s sweeping tariffs on China and other U.S. trading partners. The move paused an earlier decision by a separate court that would have forced the White House to wind down duties deemed to be illegal.周四，一家联邦上诉法院暂时同意保留特朗普总统对中国和其他美国贸易伙伴征收的大量关税。这一裁决暂停了另一家法院此前作出的决定，该决定原本将迫使白宫逐步取消被认定为非法的关税措施。The new order, by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, granted the pause on an administrative basis. That decision bought time for the panel’s judges to consider the government’s ask for a longer delay, as Mr. Trump pursues a ruling that would safeguard one of the most potent tools in his global trade war.美国联邦巡回上诉法院的新裁决以行政程序为由批准暂缓执行。这一决定为合议庭的法官们争取了时间，以考虑政府提出的更长时间延迟的要求，特朗普希望得到一项裁决，保护他在全球贸易战中最有力的工具之一。Since taking office, Mr. Trump has relied on a federal emergency powers law as a form of political leverage, hoping to use sky-high duties — or the mere threat of them — to force other governments to make trade concessions.自上任以来，特朗普一直依靠联邦紧急权力法作为一种政治杠杆，试图通过极高的关税——或者仅仅是威胁征收关税——迫使他国政府做出贸易让步。On Wednesday, the U.S. Court of International Trade dealt an early blow to that strategy. The bipartisan panel of judges, one of whom had been appointed by Mr. Trump, ruled that the law did not grant the president “unbounded authority” to impose tariffs on nearly every country, as Mr. Trump had sought. As a result, the president’s tariffs were declared illegal, and the court ordered a halt to their collection within the next 10 days.周三，美国国际贸易法院对这一策略进行了初步打击。这个由两党法官组成的合议庭——其中一人由特朗普任命——裁定，该法并未像特朗普所寻求的那样赋予总统对几乎所有国家征收关税的“无限权力”。法院因此宣布总统的关税政策非法，法院下令在未来10天内停止征收。The administration quickly asked the trade court to pause any enforcement of its order as it embarked on an appeal at the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, where it also sought emergency relief.特朗普政府随即要求贸易法院暂停执行其命令，同时向美国联邦巡回上诉法院提起上诉，并寻求紧急救济。In a filing submitted Thursday, the Justice Department said the new order invalidating its claims of sweeping trade powers was “rife with legal error.” The government warned it would hamstring Mr. Trump’s efforts “to eliminate our exploding trade deficit and reorient the global economy on an equal footing.”在周四提交的文件中，美国司法部表示，新的裁决——即否定政府广泛贸易权力主张的裁决——“充满法律错误”。政府警告，这将阻碍特朗普“消除我们不断增长的贸易逆差，并使全球经济重新回到公平竞争基础上”的努力。The appeals court ultimately intervened, and while it did not rule directly on the government’s request or the merits of Mr. Trump’s tariffs, the panel still temporarily spared the administration from having to halt the levies it has used as political leverage in dozens of trade negotiations.随后，上诉法院介入此案，虽然它没有直接就政府的请求或特朗普关税的是非曲直作出裁决，但该小组仍然暂时让政府不必停止在数十次贸易谈判中用作政治筹码的关税。In effect, it means that Mr. Trump can, for now, maintain many of the tariffs he has imposed on China, Canada and Mexico and preserve the threat of “reciprocal” rates, which he announced on most nations and then suspended in early April. But it is not the final word in the legal saga, which is expected to land at the Supreme Court.实际上，这意味着特朗普目前可以维持他对中国、加拿大和墨西哥征收的许多关税，并保留“对等”关税的威胁，他曾对大多数国家宣布实施“对等”关税，然后在4月初暂停。但这并不是这场法律诉讼的最终结果，预计它将提交到最高法院。“The Supreme Court must put an end to this for the sake of our Constitution and our country,” said Karoline Leavitt, the White House press secretary, who opened her Thursday briefing by attacking judges for having “brazenly abused their judicial power.”“为了我们的宪法和我们的国家，最高法院必须制止这种情况，”白宫新闻秘书卡罗琳·莱维特说。她在周四的新闻发布会上，开场就抨击法官“肆无忌惮地滥用司法权”。Just before she spoke, a federal judge in a separate case ordered another, temporary halt to many of Mr. Trump’s tariffs, ruling in favor of an educational toy company in Illinois, whose lawyers told the court it was harmed by Mr. Trump’s actions.就在她发言之前，在另一起案件中，一名联邦法官再次下令暂时停止特朗普的多项关税，该判决支持伊利诺伊州的一家教育玩具公司胜诉，公司的律师告诉法院，特朗普的举措损害了该公司的利益。Rudolph Contreras, the district judge presiding in the case, concluded that the economic powers law “is not a law providing for tariffs,” though he stayed the start of his preliminary injunction for the next 14 days. The Trump administration later filed a notice that it plans to appeal that ruling as well.主持该案的联邦地区法官鲁道夫·孔特雷拉斯作出裁定，经济权力法“不是规定关税的法律”，但将初步禁令的生效时间推迟了14天。特朗普政府后来提交了一份通知，表示计划对这一裁决提出上诉。The string of court decisions still reinforced a palpable sense of worry across the administration, as some of Mr. Trump’s top advisers had previously told judges hearing the cases that an adverse ruling could hamstring their negotiations. Top White House aides said in April that they planned to reach 90 deals in 90 days, with a deadline of mid-July, and the administration appears far from reaching its goal.法院的一系列裁决还是加剧了政府内部明显的担忧情绪，因为特朗普的一些高级顾问此前曾告诉审理这些案件的法官，一项不利的裁决可能会阻碍他们的谈判。白宫高级助手在4月份表示，他们计划在90天内达成90项协议，最后期限是7月中旬，而政府似乎远未达到目标。“If this court limits that authority, foreign counterparts will have reduced incentives to reach meaningful agreements — resulting in the status quo that led to the national emergency,” Howard Lutnick, the secretary of commerce, said in a declaration filed with the trade court last week.商务部长卢特尼克在上周提交给贸易法院的一份声明中表示：“如果该法院限制这一权力，外国谈判方达成实质性协议的动力将会减弱——最终导致引发国家紧急状态的现状持续。”On Thursday morning, Kevin Hassett, the director of the White House National Economic Council, downplayed the consequences of the court ruling, casting it as one of a few “little hiccups here and there.” He said that the president had other legal tools to impose tariffs outside the economic emergency law, though he signaled that the administration was “not planning to pursue those right now.”周四上午，白宫国家经济委员会主任凯文·哈塞特淡化了法院裁决的影响，称其为“零星的小插曲”之一。他说，除了《经济紧急状态法》，总统还有其他征收关税的法律工具，不过他表示，政府“目前不打算启用这些工具”。“It’s certainly not going to affect the negotiations. Because, in the end, people know President Trump is 100 percent serious, and they also have seen President Trump always wins,” he said.他说，“这当然不会影响谈判。因为，最终，人们知道特朗普总统是百分之百认真的，他们也看到特朗普总统总是笑到最后的安个人。”On Wall Street, investors initially reacted warmly to the news, sending markets higher before they fell again amid weeks of whiplash over the president’s aggressive use of tariffs. A recovery early in the afternoon left the S&P 500 up 0.4 percent by the end of the day.在华尔街，投资者最初对这一消息反应积极，推动市场走高，但由于几周来总统强硬关税政策引发的持续震荡影响，市场再次下跌。午后稍早的反弹令标准普尔500指数收涨0.4%。None of the lawsuits that have been decided against the president implicate Mr. Trump’s other tariffs, which are issued under separate legal authorities. They include his levies on steel, aluminum and cars, as well as other tariffs that the president has threatened on pharmaceuticals, semiconductors and other critical products.到目前为止，已经裁决的对总统不利的诉讼都没有涉及特朗普政府依据其他法律授权实施的关税。其中包括他对钢铝和汽车征收的关税，以及总统威胁要对药品、半导体和其他关键产品征收的关税。Taken together, the nation’s effective tariff rate would fall to 7 percent from 18 percent, if Mr. Trump cannot reinstate his steepest duties, according to Ernie Tedeschi, the director of economics at the Budget Lab at Yale. That would still be the highest tariff rate since 1969.耶鲁大学预算实验室经济学主任厄尼·特德斯基表示，如果特朗普不能恢复他最严厉的关税，那么美国的有效关税将从18%降至7%。这仍将是1969年以来最高的关税税率。While Mr. Tedeschi described it as a “major dial down” on trade, he said the remaining tariffs could still shrink the rate of the nation’s economic growth and raise prices for consumers.虽然特德斯基称这是贸易的“重大回落”，但他表示，剩余的关税仍可能拖累美国的经济增长速度，并推高消费者价格。“That’s still a substantial impact,” he said.“这仍然是相当大的影响，”他说。Ana Swanson对本文有报道贡献。Tony Romm是时报驻华盛顿记者，负责报道经济政策和特朗普政府。翻译：晋其角点击查看本文英文版。