Country: Ukraine Source: Center for Security Studies ETH Zürich Please refer to the attached file. Once fighting stops in Ukraine, internal tensions will test state cohesion and national unity. Political infighting, scrutiny of past leadership decisions, and the military’s future role will be key challenges. Europe must prepare to help argue Roman Horbyk and Jeronim Perović in this issue of CSS Policy Perspectives.06.06.2025 by Roman Horbyk and Jeronim PerovićIn the face of Russia’s full-scale invasion on February 24,2022, Ukraine displayed remarkable unity – an essential factor in its successful resistance. A sense of Ukrainian identity has never been stronger, symbolized by moments such as entire cities kneeling at the funeral processions of fallen soldiers. National unity, however, will be tested, particularly if significant concessions, specifically the de facto acceptance of large territorial losses, result from a peace deal with Russia.Key PointsOnce the security situation stabilizes, Ukraine will face serious internal challenges that may strain the unity once vital to resisting Russian aggression.An unfavorable peace deal could deepen domestic tensions, undermining political stability and social cohesion.Beyond military and reconstruction aid, Europe must assist Ukraine’s democratic renewal, social healing, and recovery from war trauma.