黄安伟2025年7月10日周四，国务卿鲁比奥抵达马来西亚吉隆坡郊外的空军基地。 Pool photo by Mandel NganSecretary of State Marco Rubio arrived in Malaysia on Thursday for a gathering of top diplomats from Asian nations, as many of them were grappling with new tariff threats from President Trump.国务卿鲁比奥于周四抵达马来西亚，参加亚洲国家高级外交官的聚会，其中许多国家正在努力应对特朗普总统的新关税威胁。Mr. Rubio planned to attend a meeting with counterparts from countries in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations soon after landing in Kuala Lumpur, the capital of Malaysia. He also planned to meet with Russia’s foreign minister, Sergey V. Lavrov, on Thursday, a State Department official said. The Trump administration has been trying to negotiate a settlement to halt the Russian invasion of Ukraine, but Russia has been resistant.鲁比奥计划在抵达马来西亚首都吉隆坡后不久出席与东南亚国家联盟国家外长举行的会议。国务院的一名官员表示，鲁比奥还计划于周四会见俄罗斯外长拉夫罗夫。特朗普政府一直试图通过谈判达成一项解决方案，让俄罗斯停止入侵乌克兰，但俄罗斯一直在抵制。Mr. Rubio is scheduled to have a variety of other diplomatic talks on Thursday and Friday before flying back to Washington. Top diplomats from China, Japan and South Korea are also holding meetings in the city this week.鲁比奥计划在周四和周五举行各种外交会谈，然后回到华盛顿。来自中国、日本和韩国的高级外交官本周也将在吉隆坡举行会议。The State Department is framing Mr. Rubio’s whirlwind trip as an effort to reinforce alliances and partnerships that the United States has across Asia and to counter China by building up those ties.国务院称鲁比奥的旋风之行旨在加强美国在亚洲各地的联盟和伙伴关系，并通过建立这些关系来对抗中国。“In his first trip to Asia as secretary of state, Secretary Rubio is focused on reaffirming the United States commitment to advancing a free, open and secure Indo-Pacific region,” said Tammy Bruce, the State Department spokeswoman, at a news conference in Washington on Tuesday, using a stock phrase that U.S. officials employ to try to underscore China’s aggressive maritime and territorial moves in the region.“在他作为国务卿的首次亚洲之行中，鲁比奥国务卿的重点是重申美国对推进一个自由、开放和安全的印太地区的承诺，”国务院发言人塔米·布鲁斯周二在华盛顿举行的新闻发布会上说。这是美国官员用来强调中国在该地区咄咄逼人的海上和领土行动的常用说法。However, Mr. Trump’s sudden announcement on Monday that he would impose higher tariffs on 14 nations if they do not reach trade deals with the United States by Aug. 1 is sure to overshadow whatever discussions Mr. Rubio aims to have with the American partners. At least eight of the 14 countries are expected to have diplomats at meetings in Kuala Lumpur. Malaysia, the host nation, is one of the 14.然而，特朗普周一突然宣布，如果14个国家在8月1日前未能与美国达成贸易协议，他将对这些国家征收更高的关税，这肯定会给鲁比奥打算与美国伙伴进行的任何讨论蒙上阴影。预计14个国家中，至少有八个国家将派外交官出席在吉隆坡举行的会议。东道主马来西亚就是14个国家之一。Malaysian officials were surprised by Mr. Trump’s proposal of a 25 percent tariff on the country’s exports to the United States, which would be paid by American companies importing the goods.马来西亚官员对特朗普提议对该国出口到美国的商品征收25%的关税感到惊讶，关税将由进口这些商品的美国公司支付。The number was almost the same as the 24 percent figure that Mr. Trump proposed in April before suspending the action for 90 days. Malaysia has been trying hard to negotiate a trade deal with the United States since then, and officials from the two governments have held 25 rounds of talks.这个数字与特朗普在4月份提出的24%几乎相同，之后他将该行动暂停了90天。自那以后，马来西亚一直在努力与美国谈判一项贸易协定，两国政府官员已经举行了25轮会谈。On Wednesday, the day before Mr. Rubio’s arrival, Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim of Malaysia called on Southeast Asian officials to more tightly coordinate their foreign and economic policies in the face of Mr. Trump’s threats.周三，也就是鲁比奥抵达马来西亚的前一天，马来西亚总理安瓦尔·易卜拉欣呼吁东南亚官员在面对特朗普的威胁时，更紧密地协调外交和经济政策。马来西亚总理安瓦尔·易卜拉欣周三表示，贸易限制已成为 “地缘政治竞争的利器”。“Tariffs, export restrictions and investment barriers have now become the sharpened instruments of geopolitical rivalry,” he said in the opening speech of a gathering of Southeast Asian foreign ministers. “This is no passing storm. It is the new weather of our time.”“关税、出口限制和投资壁垒现在已成为地缘政治竞争的利器，”他在东南亚外长会议的开幕致辞中表示。“这不是转瞬即逝的风暴。这是我们这个时代的新天气。”China’s top foreign policy official, Wang Yi, is expected to attend the conclave this week and will no doubt promote his nation as a reliable trade partner, in contrast with the United States.中国最高外交政策官员王毅预计将出席本周的闭门会议，毫无疑问，他将把中国宣传为一个可靠的贸易伙伴，与美国形成鲜明对比。Mr. Trump has alternately lavished praise on China’s authoritarian leader, Xi Jinping, and criticized the country for unfair trade practices. China has been a main target in the trade war that Mr. Trump started soon after taking office in January.特朗普时而对中国的专制领导人习近平赞誉有加，时而批评中国的贸易行为不公平。中国一直是特朗普今年1月上任后不久发动的贸易战的主要目标。However, rather than working closely with U.S. partners to present a united front against China on trade issues, Mr. Trump has gone on a broad assault against many of those nations.然而，特朗普并没有与美国的合作伙伴密切合作，在贸易问题上结成反对中国的统一战线，而是对其中的许多国家发起了广泛的攻击。“The U.S. intends to use these negotiations to pressure countries to curtail trade and investment ties with China,” said Stephen Olson, a visiting senior fellow at the ISEAS — Yusof Ishak Institute in Singapore and a former U.S. trade negotiator. “That will inevitably bleed over into U.S.-China discussions and obviously complicate third-country relationships with China.”“美国打算利用这些谈判向各国施压，要求它们减少与中国的贸易和投资关系，”新加坡尤索夫伊沙研究所访问高级研究员、前美国贸易谈判代表斯蒂芬·奥尔森说。“这将不可避免地影响到美中讨论，显然会使第三国与中国的关系复杂化。”Many of the countries trade more with China than with the United States, so Mr. Trump’s pressure campaign could backfire. And there is an “open question,” Mr. Olson said: “As Trump continues to move the goal posts and blow through deadlines, will countries start to question the point of attempting to negotiate?”许多国家与中国的贸易往来超过与美国的贸易往来，因此特朗普的施压行动可能会适得其反。还有一个“悬而未决的问题”，奥尔森说，“随着特朗普继续改变目标，拖延最后期限，各国是否会开始质疑试图谈判的意义？”上海洋山港。中国最高外交政策官员王毅预计将于本周访问吉隆坡，他可能会宣传中国是比美国更可靠的贸易伙伴。Mr. Trump appears to be seeking trade agreements with countries to present as wins to the American public, even if the terms do not amount to obvious victories for U.S. commercial interests.特朗普似乎在寻求与各国达成贸易协定，以便向美国公众展示自己的胜利，即使这些条款对美国的商业利益来说并不构成明显的胜利。Across Republican and Democratic administrations, the United States has struggled to show Asian nations that it has a strategic vision for the region and is committed to counterbalancing China across economic, diplomatic and military fronts. Mr. Trump’s tariff threats aimed at treaty allies, including Japan and South Korea, raise further doubts about that commitment.无论民主党还是共和党执政，美国一直在努力向亚洲国家展示对该地区的战略愿景，并致力于在经济、外交和军事方面制衡中国。特朗普针对日本和韩国等条约盟友的关税威胁进一步引发了人们对这一承诺的怀疑。In March, Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth visited the Philippines and Japan, both allies of the United States, and reiterated Washington’s support for them.今年3月，国防部长皮特·海格塞斯访问了美国的两个盟国菲律宾和日本，并重申了华盛顿对它们的支持。However, the Trump administration could try to unwind some of the military initiatives in the region that the Biden administration pushed. The Pentagon is reviewing the deal that President Joseph R. Biden Jr. reached with the leaders of Australia and Britain to provide nuclear-powered submarines and related technology to Australia, an agreement known as AUKUS. Some Pentagon officials have expressed skepticism about sending advanced U.S. weapon systems to allies.然而，特朗普政府可能会试图放松拜登政府在该地区推动的一些军事举措。五角大楼正在审查拜登总统与澳大利亚和英国领导人达成的向澳大利亚提供核动力潜艇及相关技术的协议，该协议被称为AUKUS。五角大楼的一些官员对向盟国提供先进的美国武器系统存有疑虑。Mr. Rubio is arriving in Asia more than five months after becoming secretary of state, and after traveling to Latin America, the Caribbean, Europe and the Middle East.鲁比奥来到亚洲是在他就任国务卿五个多月后，此前他访问了拉丁美洲、加勒比地区、欧洲和中东。He could have committed to a longer trip in Asia and stopped at more countries, but he stayed in Washington at the start of this week to attend meetings at the White House with Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu of Israel.他本可以安排更长时间的亚洲行程，在更多国家停留，但本周初他留在了华盛顿，在白宫与以色列总理内塔尼亚胡会面。Some American foreign-policy advisers say the U.S. government has spent too much time and resources on conflicts in the Middle East in recent decades and not enough on Asia, which has the world’s most populous nations and largest economies outside the United States.一些美国外交政策顾问称，近几十年来，美国政府在中东冲突上花费了太多时间和资源，而在亚洲投入的时间和资源却不够。亚洲拥有世界上人口最多的国家和除美国之外最大的经济体。Derek J. Grossman, an analyst of Asia security issues and a former U.S. intelligence official, wrote online on July 3 that a brief trip by Mr. Rubio to Asia “raises concerns, again, that Indo-Pacific isn’t really the priority theater.”亚洲安全问题分析师、前美国情报官员德里克·格罗斯曼7月3日在网上写道，鲁比奥对亚洲的短暂访问“再次引发了人们的担忧，即印太地区并不是首要战区”。Zunaira Saieed自马来西亚吉隆坡、艾莎(Alexandra Stevenson)自印尼雅加达对本文有报道贡献。黄安伟(Edward Wong)报道全球事务、美国外交政策和国务院新闻。翻译：晋其角点击查看本文英文版。获取更多RSS：https://feedx.net https://feedx.site