ROBERT JIMISON, MEGAN MINEIRO2026年6月4日周三的投票再次凸显了国会共和党人与特朗普总统在诸多问题上的分歧，随着中期国会选举临近，双方的利益出现分化。 Kenny Holston/The New York TimesThe House on Wednesday voted to direct President Trump to withdraw U.S. forces from Iran or win approval from Congress to continue the war, after four Republicans sided with Democrats in a striking sign of growing opposition to a military campaign now in its fourth month.众议院周三投票决定，要求特朗普总统从伊朗撤出美国军队，或者获得国会批准以继续战争。此前，有四名共和党人倒戈支持民主党，这发出了一个显著的信号，表明针对这场已持续四个月的军事行动，反对之声正在日益高涨。Adoption of the resolution was a remarkable rebuke to Mr. Trump and his handling of the war, after he has repeatedly dismissed any effort by Congress to curb his power and as the G.O.P. has largely ceded its prerogatives to do so, deferring to him time and again. Republicans had abruptly postponed the vote two weeks ago, recognizing that they did not have sufficient votes to defeat the measure and wanting to spare themselves and the president the affront.该决议的通过是对特朗普及其战争处理方式的有力谴责。此前，他曾多次无视国会旨在限制他权力的努力，而共和党也很大程度上放弃了行使这一职责的特权，一次又一次地向他让步。两周前，共和党人突然推迟了投票，因为他们意识到自己没有足够的票数来否决这项决议，并且希望避免让自己和总统难堪。But they made no headway over the ensuing days in winning converts, as the conflict has dragged on and Mr. Trump has made little progress toward ending it. And G.O.P. leaders were unable to delay the vote any longer because Democrats had invoked the War Powers Resolution, which requires consideration of such measures within a limited period of time.但在随后的几天里，由于冲突不断拖延，而且特朗普在结束冲突方面几乎没有取得任何进展，共和党在争取支持者方面毫无建树。并且，由于民主党人援引了《战争权力决议》（该决议要求在有限的时间内审议此类措施），共和党领导人无法再继续推迟投票。The move was also the latest reflection of divisions between Republicans in Congress and the president on a range of issues as their interests diverge in the run-up to the midterm congressional elections. It came after Senate Republicans have in recent days forced Mr. Trump to abandon his request for $1 billion in security funding for his ballroom project and a plan that the Justice Department announced to create a federal fund to pay claimants who accuse the government of having victimized them.这一举动也是国会共和党人与总统在一系列问题上存在分歧的最新体现，随着国会中期选举的临近，他们的利益开始出现分化。此前几天，参议院共和党人迫使特朗普放弃了他为其宴会厅项目申请的10亿美元安全资金的请求，并迫使他放弃了司法部宣布设立联邦基金赔偿指控政府侵害其权益的申诉人这一计划。The vote was 215 to 208 to adopt the war powers resolution, sending it to the Senate. Even if it were to pass both chambers, the ability of lawmakers to force a president to withdraw troops remains a contested legal question, and Mr. Trump and his senior aides have dismissed any effort by Congress to limit his war powers as unconstitutional.众议院最终以215票对208票通过了这项战争权力决议，并将其送交参议院。即使该决议能在两院获得通过，立法者是否有能力迫使总统撤军仍然是一个有争议的法律问题，而特朗普及其高级助手已将国会限制其战争权力的努力斥为违宪。But the vote in the House, and a similar one in the Senate last month when a handful of G.O.P. defectors broke from the president and opposed the war, indicate an increasing willingness by some members of the president’s party to pressure him to end a conflict that a majority of Americans say is not worth the costs.但是众议院的这次投票，以及上月参议院的一次类似投票（当时少数共和党倒戈者与总统决裂，反对战争），表明总统所在政党的一些成员日益希望向他施压，要求他结束这场大多数美国人认为得不偿失的冲突。Republican Representatives Tom Barrett of Michigan, Brian Fitzpatrick of Pennsylvania, Warren Davidson of Ohio and Thomas Massie of Kentucky crossed party lines to vote with Democrats in favor of the resolution. Representative Jared Golden, Democrat of Maine, who had previously opposed similar measures, switched his position to support it.密歇根州共和党众议员汤姆·巴雷特、宾夕法尼亚州的布莱恩·菲茨帕特里克、俄亥俄州的沃伦·戴维森和肯塔基州的托马斯·马西跨越党派界限，与民主党人一起投票支持该决议。此前曾反对过类似议案的缅因州民主党众议员贾里德·戈尔登也改变立场，转而支持该决议。Though the few defections were notable, almost every Republican voted against the resolution. Most of them have accepted the Trump administration’s claim that Iran posed an imminent threat to the United States, the legal threshold under the War Powers Resolution of 1973 for the president to order attacks on a foreign adversary without the permission of Congress.尽管少数几人的倒戈引人注目，但几乎所有共和党人都投票反对了该决议。他们大多数人接受了特朗普政府的说法，即伊朗对美国构成了迫在眉睫的威胁——根据1973年《战争权力决议》，这是总统在未经国会许可情况下对外国对手发动攻击的法律门槛。Many have dismissed Democrats’ war powers measures, which call for the removal of most U.S. forces from hostilities in Iran, as politically motivated attacks on the president that would leave American interests unprotected.许多人驳斥了民主党人的战争权力措施——该措施要求将大部分美军从伊朗的敌对行动中撤出——认为这是出于政治动机对总统的攻击，会使美国的利益得不到保护。Democrats contended that members of both parties must protect the role of Congress to determine when and how the country undertakes prolonged combat operations overseas.民主党人则主张，两党议员都必须维护国会决定国家何时以及如何在海外开展长期作战行动的职权。The House’s vote was only the first step in a complicated and likely uphill path for the resolution. It now heads to the Senate, which under the war powers law must take it up within roughly two and a half weeks. It does not need a presidential signature, but even if Congress were to clear the measure, its legal force would remain uncertain.众议院的投票只是该决议复杂且可能极为艰辛的路途上的第一步。它现在已被送交参议院，根据战争权力法，参议院必须在大约两周半内对其进行审议。该决议不需要总统签名，但即使国会通过了该决议，其法律效力依然是不确定的。While Congress has historically deployed concurrent resolutions to express its position on an issue without requiring presidential approval, the Supreme Court held in 1983 that in order for congressional actions to have binding legal effect, they must go through the standard legislative process, including being presented to the president to be signed into law.虽然国会历来通过采用共同决议来表达对某项议题的立场，而不需要总统批准，但最高法院在1983年裁定，国会行动若要具备约束力，必须经过标准立法程序，包括提交总统签署生效。That means any attempt to make the directive to withdraw U.S. forces in Iran legally enforceable would almost certainly require Mr. Trump’s signature, or have two-thirds of both chambers vote to override a veto.这意味着，为撤出驻伊美军的指令赋予法律约束力的任何尝试，几乎肯定需要特朗普的签名，或者需要两院各三分之二的议员投票以推翻总统的否决。The Senate is pursuing a parallel track. Last month, four Republicans and all but one Democrat voted to advance a separate war powers resolution toward a full floor vote, but that effort faces procedural hurdles of its own.参议院正在采取平行的推进路线。上个月，四名共和党人和除一名民主党人之外的所有民主党人投票支持推动一项单独的战争权力决议进入全院表决，但该努力本身也面临着程序上的障碍。But while the practical odds of either measure forcing an end to the war remain slim, the action in both chambers amounted to a notable reproach of the president’s handling of the conflict.但是，尽管任何一项措施迫使战争结束的实际可能性依然渺茫，但两院的行动实质上是对总统处理这场冲突方式的醒目谴责。Democrats have argued that even symbolic congressional action could pressure Mr. Trump to alter course by signaling growing bipartisan discomfort with a longer war.民主党人称，即使是象征性的国会行动，也能发出两党对战争长期化日益感到不安的信号，从而迫使特朗普改变路线。Robert Jimison为时报报道国会新闻，主要关注国防议题和外交政策。Megan Mineiro是《纽约时报》国会记者，也是2025-26年时报奖学金项目成员，这是一个为职业生涯初期的记者设置的项目。翻译：晋其角点击查看本文英文版。