History: Created 2000s-10s section, including Tauzin's move to PhRMA president after writing law← Previous revisionRevision as of 17:06, 16 October 2026 Line 46: Line 46: In May 1994, PMA renamed itself the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA), reflecting the organization's more deliberate repositioning around research and innovation rather than manufacturing, and marked the culmination of a decades-long shift in how the pharmaceutical industry presented itself publicly.{{sfn|Carpenter|2010|p=732}}{{Cite news |last=Hilzenrath |first=David S. |date=May 3, 1994 |title=Drug Firms Rename Lobbying Group |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/business/1994/05/03/drug-firms-rename-lobbying-group/e4491206-f317-4adb-8c5c-934f54c85c37/ |newspaper=The Washington Post |issn=0190-8286 |access-date=October 16, 2026}} The new PhRMA Board Chairman at the time and the CEO of Pfizer, [[Sheldon Gilgore]], said, "We want the public to realize that it is this industry that discovers drugs," pushing back on the idea that they only manufactured medicines that had been discovered elsewhere. In May 1994, PMA renamed itself the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA), reflecting the organization's more deliberate repositioning around research and innovation rather than manufacturing, and marked the culmination of a decades-long shift in how the pharmaceutical industry presented itself publicly.{{sfn|Carpenter|2010|p=732}}{{Cite news |last=Hilzenrath |first=David S. |date=May 3, 1994 |title=Drug Firms Rename Lobbying Group |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/business/1994/05/03/drug-firms-rename-lobbying-group/e4491206-f317-4adb-8c5c-934f54c85c37/ |newspaper=The Washington Post |issn=0190-8286 |access-date=October 16, 2026}} The new PhRMA Board Chairman at the time and the CEO of Pfizer, [[Sheldon Gilgore]], said, "We want the public to realize that it is this industry that discovers drugs," pushing back on the idea that they only manufactured medicines that had been discovered elsewhere. ===2000s–10s: Medicare Part D and the Affordable Care Act=== [[File:George W. Bush and Billy Tauzin.jpg|thumb|[[Billy Tauzin]], the Louisiana congressman who championed the [[Medicare Modernization Act]], shakes hands with President [[George W. Bush]]. Tauzin subsequently became president of PhRMA in 2004 and later negotiated the organization's conditional support for the [[Affordable Care Act]] in 2009.]] By the late 1990s, PhRMA had shifted its position on [[Medicare (United States)|Medicare]] prescription drug coverage, publicly supporting a drug benefit as part of an updated Medicare program structured around private-sector health plans rather than direct government administration.{{Cite journal |last1=Oliver |first1=Thomas R. |last2=Lee |first2=Philip R. |last3=Lipton |first3=Helene L. |year=2004 |title=A political history of medicare and prescription drug coverage |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2690175/ |journal=The Milbank Quarterly |volume=82 |issue=2 |pages=283–354 |doi=10.1111/j.0887-378X.2004.00311.x |issn=0887-378X |pmc=2690175 |pmid=15225331}} The [[Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act]], signed by President [[George W. Bush]] on December 8, 2003, established [[Medicare Part D]], the first major expansion of Medicare in the program's history to cover [[outpatient]] prescription drugs.{{Cite web |last=Ismail |first=M. Asif |date=July 7, 2005 |title=Drug lobby second to none |url=https://publicintegrity.org/health/drug-lobby-second-to-none/ |website=Center for Public Integrity |access-date=October 16, 2026}} A key provision of the final law, which PhRMA strongly supported, was a "non-interference" clause that prohibited Medicare from directly negotiating with manufacturers. Instead, that role fell to the private plans delivering the benefit, which negotiated prices and rebates with manufacturers directly.{{Cite web |last=McCaughan |first=Mike |date=August 10, 2017 |title=Medicare Part D |url=https://www.healthaffairs.org/content/briefs/medicare-part-d |website=Health Affairs |access-date=October 16, 2026}} Former [[Louisiana]] Congressman [[Billy Tauzin]], who had helped write the law, became President of PhRMA in 2004 after his retirement from Congress.{{Cite news |last=Newmyer |first=Tory |date=December 15, 2004 |title=Tauzin Named President of PhRMA |url=https://rollcall.com/2004/12/15/tauzin-named-president-of-phrma/ |work=Roll Call |access-date=October 16, 2026}} ==Membership== ==Membership==