CATHERINE PORTER2026年10月20日周日波尔多市中心抗议活动后的景象。 Philippe Lopez/Agence France-Presse — Getty ImagesAfter riots erupted this weekend in cities across France, its centrist government blamed the main far-left party, accusing its politicians of inciting the violence. That party blamed the government, accusing it of stirring public anger through years of bad governance and heavy-handed policing.在周末法国多座城市爆发骚乱后，该国中间派政府将责任归咎于主要极左翼政党，指责该党政治人物煽动暴力。该党则指责政府，称其多年治理不善和强硬警察执法激起了公众愤怒。What did the main far-right party do? It blamed both, and launched into campaign mode.主要极右翼政党做了什么？它把双方都指责了一番，并且进入了竞选模式。“We are paying for decades of being soft on crime, of weak authority, of the moral, psychological, and material disarmament of our internal security forces,” Jordan Bardella, the president of the far-right National Rally party, said after emerging from a police station in central Paris on Sunday. He said had gone there to support police officers.“我们正在为几十年来对犯罪软弱、权威缺失，以及对我们国内安全力量在道德、心理和物质上的‘解除武装’付出代价，”极右翼国民联盟主席若尔当·巴尔代拉周日从巴黎市中心一所警察局走出后说。他说自己去那里是为了支持警察。Then he addressed France’s “honest citizens” who were stunned on Sunday by the smashed storefronts and burned-out businesses destroyed by rioters the night before. He said they had an vital role to play in reinstating national stability. And that would be by voting in the coming election for his party.随后，他向法国的“诚实公民们”发表讲话。这些公民周日看到前一晚骚乱者砸毁的店面和烧毁的商铺时，都感到震惊。他说这些公民在恢复国家稳定方面发挥着至关重要的作用。而要做到这一点，就是在即将到来的选举中投票支持他的政党。“People need to wake up now,” Mr. Bardella said. “They need to make the right political choices, and in any case, we stand ready to restore order in the country.”“人们现在需要醒过来，”巴尔代拉说。“他们需要做出正确的政治选择，而无论如何，我们随时准备恢复国家秩序。”Sunday was a day of mourning, shock and finger pointing in France. The day before, huge peaceful protests for better school conditions and against rising living costs were overshadowed by black-clad and often masked agitators of unclear affiliation who attacked government buildings and shops across the country, sometimes stealing wine or electronics.周日对法国来说是哀悼、震惊和相互指责的一天。前一天，要求改善学校条件、反对生活成本上涨的大规模和平抗议被一群身份不明、身穿黑衣且往往蒙面的煽动者蒙上了阴影，他们袭击了全国各地的政府建筑和商铺，有时还偷走葡萄酒或电子产品。For the National Rally, which bills itself as the party of law and order as well as an advocate for expelling unauthorized immigrants, Sunday was also a day of political opportunity. It is six months before a presidential election that the party’s candidate, Marine Le Pen, is the favorite to win.对于自诩为法律与秩序之党、同时主张驱逐非法移民的“国民联盟”而言，周日也是一个政治良机。距离总统大选还有六个月，该党候选人玛丽娜·勒庞被视为热门。国民联盟的总统候选人玛丽娜·勒庞本月在奥弗涅大区的库尔农。“The picture of France emerging this morning, in light of all the destruction, plays well into their hands,” said Bruno Cautrès, a political scientist at Sciences Po, a university in Paris. “We can clearly see that the National Rally is not a loser here.”“鉴于所有这些破坏，今早呈现出的法国景象正中他们下怀，”巴黎政治学院政治学者布鲁诺·科特雷说。“我们可以清楚看到，国民联盟在这件事里不是输家。”The party’s approach mirrors how far-right groups across Europe are presenting themselves as the solution to different kinds of social and governmental challenges. In July, Spain’s government briefly lost control of the borders of a Spanish territory in North Africa, allowing a surge of migrants and handing the country’s far-right party, Vox, a new issue to campaign on. In Germany, the far-right Alternative for Germany party, or AfD, is leading national polls, in part by channeling anxiety over the country’s identity.该党的做法映照出欧洲各地极右翼团体如何把自己塑造为不同类型社会和政府挑战的解决方案。7月，西班牙政府一度失去对该国在北非一块领土边界的控制，导致移民大量涌入，并给该国极右翼政党呼声党提供了新的竞选议题。在德国，极右翼正当德国选择党在民调中领先，部分原因在于该党利用了民众对国家身份认同的焦虑情绪。In France this week, as Mr. Bardella criticized the government’s policing, Ms. Le Pen seized the moment to criticize Jean-Luc Mélenchon, the leader of the main far-left party, France Unbowed, and one of her main rivals for the presidency. She said “legitimate social demands” had been “hijacked by the far left and the rhetoric of Jean-Luc Mélenchon” and his colleagues, whom she accused of fostering chaos by “legitimizing violence” — an accusation that the party denies.本周在法国，当巴尔代拉批评政府警务时，勒庞抓住时机，批评主要极左政党不屈法国领导人、也是她总统竞选的主要对手之一让-吕克·梅朗雄。她说“合法的社会诉求” 已被“极左翼以及让-吕克·梅朗雄的言论”及其同僚“劫持”，她指责他们通过“为暴力正名”助长混乱——该党否认这一指控。The riots arrived at a sensitive time in France, with the country already dealing with a daunting budget deficit and a deadlocked Parliament in which no party has a majority.骚乱发生在法国的敏感时刻，该国已在应对严峻的预算赤字，以及无一政党占多数的僵局议会。“The far right are sure to gain from this,” said Alexis Veller, 53, a filmmaker, who stopped his motorcycle on Sunday morning to take photos of broken storefront windows and tagged walls in central Paris. “We are a very fractured country,” he said. “The situation is very, very worrying.”“极右翼肯定会从中获益，”53岁的电影制片人亚历克西斯·韦勒说。周日早晨，他停下摩托车，在巴黎市中心拍摄破碎的店面窗户和被涂鸦的墙壁。“我们是一个非常分裂的国家，”他说。“局势非常、非常令人担忧。”Political analysts cautioned that the six months until the election is a long time in politics, and that voters’ motivations are complex and rarely focused on a single issue.政治分析人士提醒，距选举还有六个月，在政治领域，这是很长一段时间，而且选民的动机复杂，很少只集中于单一议题。Still, the violence perfectly aligned with the image the National Rally has long painted of a France divided into two and battling for survival, said Vincent Martigny, a political science professor at the University of Nice, Côte d’Azur.不过，尼斯蔚蓝海岸大学政治学教授樊尚·马蒂尼说，这场暴力与国民联盟长期以来描绘的法国形象完全吻合：一个分裂为二、为生存而战的法国。The party has portrayed the country as split between the France of the city centers — filled with woke students and rioters, it says — and the “good France” in the quiet countryside, he said.他说，该党把国家描绘成分裂为两部分：一部分是市中心地带的法国——它声称这里充斥着觉醒派的学生和骚乱者——另一部分是宁静乡村中的“好法国”。周日，巴黎警方在一次抗议活动结束后。“They try to oppose these two Frances, for an obvious reason, because their electorate is not in the city centers, nor in the suburbs, they are clearly in this other France,” Mr. Martigny said, adding that “this fuels the feeling decay, of decline.”“他们试图把这两个法国对立起来，原因很明显，因为他们的选民不在市中心，也不在郊区，他们显然都在那个‘另一个法国’，”马蒂尼说，他还说：“这助长了衰败和没落的感觉”。Whether the unrest offers a long-term bump in the National Rally’s fortunes will depend, in part, on if the protests continue, he said.他说，这场动荡是否会给国民联盟的命运带来长期提振，部分取决于抗议是否持续。On Sunday evening, Ms. Le Pen released a video address in which she painted this very picture of a divided France. She was filmed sitting behind a wooden desk, with the French flag behind her, hands clasped — the image of a president in waiting.周日晚上，勒庞发布了视频讲话，描绘的正是这个分裂法国的图景。视频中，她坐在木桌后，身后是法国国旗，她双手交握，宛如候任总统的形象。“I condemn the hijacking of this anger by thugs who are sowing chaos in the cities of France,” she said.“我谴责那些在法国城市制造混乱的暴徒，他们劫持了这种愤怒，”她说。“In six months,” she said, “the French people will be able to choose a different path: That of restored authority and security.”“六个月后，”她说，“法国人民将能够选择另一条道路：一条恢复权威与安全的道路。”The National Rally supports a bigger, stronger police force, and campaigned in legislative elections in 2024 for mandatory minimum sentences and an end to reduced sentences, as well as building more prisons. It also pledged to lower the age when defendants can be tried as adults by two years, to 16, and to cut state subsidies to the parents of juvenile criminals.国民联盟支持规模更大、更强的警察力量，并在2024年立法选举中主张实行强制最低刑期、废除减刑制度，以及建造更多监狱。它还承诺将被告可作为成年人受审的年龄降低两岁，至16岁，并削减对未成年罪犯者父母的国家补贴。Since the current wave of protests broke out in working-class suburban high schools, Mr. Bardella has condemned students causing damage to schools and expressed support for police officers injured in confrontations with protesters.鉴于此轮抗议浪潮始于工人阶级郊区的高中，巴尔代拉谴责破坏学校的学生，并对在与抗议者冲突中受伤的警察表示支持。周日，人们走进巴黎市中心一家被洗劫一空的商店。Across the Atlantic, President Trump and Vice President JD Vance, who have both expressed support for Ms. Le Pen in the past, weighed in on the unrest in ways that amplified the National Rally’s critiques. Though the identities of the black-clad and masked rioters are largely unknown, the American leaders portrayed the unrest as caused by immigrants.在大西洋彼岸，总统特朗普和副总统万斯——两人过去都曾对勒庞表示支持——对这场动荡发表看法，这些言论进一步强化了国民联盟的批评。尽管黑衣蒙面骚乱者的身份基本不明，两位美国领导人却将骚乱归咎于移民。“France is burning!” Mr. Trump said on social media. “The immigration of people from an entirely different world, people with hatred in their hearts, has shattered that once great country. Close your Borders and take control, before it is too late!”“法国在燃烧！”特朗普在社交媒体上说。“来自截然不同世界、心中充满仇恨的人们的移民已经摧毁了那个曾经伟大的国家。关闭你们的边境并且控制局面，趁着还不晚！”Mr. Vance blamed the violence on “Western liberals” who “imported the third world into France and other countries in the name of diversity and compassion. They ignored fundamental questions of assimilation and compatibility.”万斯将暴力归咎于“西方自由派”，称他们“以多样性和同情之名，把第三世界输入法国和其他国家。他们忽视了同化和相容性的根本问题”。He added: “I hope Americans are paying attention. This is the future congressional Democrats seek for your country.”他还说：“我希望美国人能注意。这就是国会民主党人试图为你们的国家争取的未来。”Given how unpopular Mr. Trump’s government is in France, it was not clear whether those messages would help or hinder the National Rally.鉴于特朗普政府在法国极不受欢迎，这些言论究竟会对国民联盟有利还是有害，尚不明确。周日，若尔当·巴尔代拉离开巴黎的一处警察局。At the police station on Sunday, Mr. Bardella was confronted by the area’s Green lawmaker, Pouria Amirshahi, who was touring his constituency wearing the tricolor sash of an elected official. It was scandalous, he said, that while he was working, Mr. Bardella was out campaigning.周日，在警察局，巴尔代拉与该选区的绿党议员普里亚·阿米尔沙希对峙。阿米尔沙希当时正佩戴着民选官员的三色绶带巡视自己的选区。他说，令人愤慨的是，当他在工作时，巴尔代拉却在外竞选。“They spend their time, as you can see, rubbing their hands together over this violence as if their time has come,” Mr. Amirshahi said.“正如你所见，他们把时间花在对这场暴力幸灾乐祸上，仿佛他们的时代已经到来，”阿米尔沙希说。Mr. Amirshahi then turned to the camera.阿米尔沙希随后转向镜头。“We in France should unite,” he said. “We should stand together in the face of the challenge ahead of us, and not fall into this pattern of division and this pornography of violence that seems to excite him right now.”“我们法国应该团结起来，”他说。“我们应该共同面对眼前的挑战，而不是陷入这种分裂模式，也不是陷入这种暴力色情化——这似乎正是现在让他兴奋的东西。”But Mr. Bardella wasn’t listening. He had already hopped into a car and left.但巴尔代拉没有在听。他已经钻入汽车离开了。Ségolène Le Stradic对本文有报道贡献。Catherine Porter是《纽约时报》国际记者，报道法国新闻。她常驻巴黎。翻译：晋其角点击查看本文英文版。