ERICA L. GREEN2026年10月15日前白宫新闻秘书卡罗琳·莱维特于8月离任。 Shelby Tauber for The New York TimesThe ouster of Kimberly Guilfoyle, who until this week was the U.S. ambassador to Greece, was surprising in its particulars. It was announced on live TV, during the first-ever briefing by the new White House press secretary.金伯利·吉尔福伊尔本周之前还是美国驻希腊大使，她的解职在具体情节上令人意外：消息是在新任白宫新闻秘书的首次简报会上通过电视直播宣布的。But Ms. Guilfoyle’s forced resignation also was part of a larger pattern in President Trump’s second term: The prominent figures who have departed the administration, either voluntarily or involuntarily, overwhelmingly are women.但吉尔福伊尔的被迫辞职也折射出特朗普第二个任期内一个总体规律：离开政府的知名人物，无论自愿还是非自愿，绝大多数是女性。Ms. Guilfoyle was the latest high-ranking woman to leave this year. In the spring, four of Mr. Trump’s eight female cabinet-level officials resigned or were fired in just three months: Attorney General Pam Bondi; Lori Chavez-DeRemer, the labor secretary; Homeland Security Secretary Kristi L. Noem; and Tulsi Gabbard, the director of national intelligence.吉尔福伊尔是今年离任的最新一位高级别女性。今年春天，特朗普八位内阁级女性官员中有四位在短短三个月内辞职或被解雇：司法部长帕姆·邦迪；劳工部长洛丽·查韦斯-德雷默；国土安全部长克里斯蒂·诺姆；以及国家情报总监图尔西·加巴德。All were replaced by men.继任者均为男性。今年1月，帕姆·邦迪、洛丽·查韦斯-德雷默与克里斯蒂·诺姆曾同特朗普总统一起出席内阁会议。到了5月，三人均已离任。Ms. Guilfoyle was asked to resign after The Wall Street Journal reported that she had asked a donor to pay off her $100,000 American Express bill before her confirmation vote. Ms. Guilfoyle has denied the allegation. But on Tuesday, Mr. Trump said that while Ms. Guilfoyle “was doing a good job,” he “didn’t like what I read.”《华尔街日报》报道，吉尔福伊尔曾在确认表决前要求一名捐赠者为她支付10万美元的美国运通卡账单，报道刊出后她被要求辞职。吉尔福伊尔否认了这一指控。周二特朗普表示，尽管她“工作干得不错”，但他“不喜欢我读到的东西”。He also downplayed the idea that he had any substantial connection with Ms. Guilfoyle, who is one of the president’s staunchest defenders and was at one point engaged to Donald Trump Jr., the president’s eldest son. “She wasn’t a member of my family,” he told reporters. “She, I guess, dated my son a long time ago.”吉尔福伊尔是总统最坚定的捍卫者之一，曾与他的长子小唐纳德·特朗普订婚，但特朗普淡化了与她之间的任何实质性联系。“她不是我的家人，”他告诉记者，“我想，她很久以前和我儿子约会过。”The women in Mr. Trump’s orbit do not seem any more inclined to controversy than the men; his male appointees have repeatedly drawn scrutiny and calls for their ouster.特朗普身边的女性似乎并不比男性更容易惹上争议；他任命的男性同样屡屡引起热议，并被要求解职。Kash Patel, the F.B.I. director, has been forced to confront questions about his conduct, including allegations of excessive drinking, assigning a SWAT team to protect his girlfriend and using a government plane for his personal use. (He has denied the allegations.)联邦调查局局长卡什·帕特尔不得不面对关于其行为的质疑，包括酗酒过度的指控、派遣一支特警队保护其女友，以及将政府飞机用于私人用途。（他否认了这些指控。）Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick surfaced in files released by the Justice Department as one of the visitors to the private island owned by Jeffrey Epstein, the sexual predator. Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth disclosed secret war plans in a conversation on a private messaging app that inadvertently included Jeffrey Goldberg, the editor of The Atlantic.司法部公布的文件中，商务部长霍华德·卢特尼克名列性犯罪者杰弗里·爱泼斯坦私人岛屿的到访者之中；国防部长皮特·海格塞斯则在一个私人聊天群中泄露了秘密作战计划，该群无意中拉入了《大西洋月刊》主编杰弗里·戈德堡。去年在白宫复活节滚彩蛋活动上，国防部长皮特·海格塞斯就其在聊天群分享秘密作战计划一事回答提问。Mr. Trump did punish one male appointee related to that text chain: Mike Waltz, the national security adviser, who had added the journalist to the chat. But Mr. Waltz had a soft landing. He was appointed to serve as the ambassador to the United Nations, a position that Mr. Trump had promised to his longtime female ally in Congress, Elise Stefanik.特朗普确实处理过一名与聊天群相关的男性——把那名记者拉入聊天的国家安全顾问迈克·沃尔茨。但沃尔茨得以平稳着陆：他获任常驻联合国代表，而这一职务原本被特朗普许诺给了他在国会的长期女性盟友爱丽丝·斯特凡尼克。Ms. Stefanik, a self-proclaimed “ultra MAGA” warrior, ended up politically adrift and ultimately quit Congress.自称“超MAGA”战士的斯特凡尼克的政治生涯由此沦落，最终退出了国会。Experts on presidential appointments said the single-gender exodus was highly unusual.研究总统人事任命的专家表示，这种仅限一个性别的离职潮极不寻常。“I’ve never seen a situation where all of the first set of cabinet departures have been of one gender — all women,” said Kathryn Dunn Tenpas, a nonresident fellow at the Brookings Institution who has tracked diversity in presidential administrations since the Reagan era.“我从未见过首批内阁离职者全部是同一种性别——全是女性的情形，”布鲁金斯学会非驻所研究员凯瑟琳·邓恩·滕帕斯说；她从里根时代起一直在追踪总统行政部门中的多元化状况。Women in the Top Ranks高层的女性帕姆·邦迪因处理爱泼斯坦文件公布事宜的方式受到猛烈抨击，同时也因未能满足特朗普总统报复政敌的要求而遭受非议。As Mr. Trump assembled his top brass shortly after clinching the 2024 election, several women were among the ranks. He appointed Susie Wiles as chief of staff, the first woman to hold the powerful, cabinet-level position. Karoline Leavitt was the youngest person to serve as White House press secretary before she left her job in August to raise her two young children. She was replaced by another woman, Katie Zacharia.在特朗普赢得2024年大选后不久组建核心团队时，多位女性位列其中。他任命苏西·威尔斯为白宫幕僚长，使其成为首位执掌这一重要内阁级职位的女性。一度是史上最年轻白宫新闻秘书的卡罗琳·莱维特于8月离任抚养两个年幼的孩子。接替她的是另一位女性凯蒂·扎卡里亚。In a statement for this story, a White House spokeswoman said that “President Trump has assembled the greatest administration in history, selecting each member of his incredible team based on one criterion: their ability to deliver for the American people.”一位白宫女发言人在就本报道发表的声明中说：“特朗普总统组建了历史上最伟大的政府，杰出团队的每位成员只依据一个标准进行选拔：他们能否为美国人民兑现成果。”“Unlike the identity politics-obsessed Democrats, the president judges individuals on merit and qualifications, not immutable characteristics,” added the spokeswoman, Taylor Rogers.“与痴迷于身份政治的民主党人不同，总统评判个人依据的是功绩与资质，而非不可改变的特征，”发言人泰勒·罗杰斯补充道。At a Women’s History Month celebration last year, Mr. Trump declared that he was “thrilled to say that we have more women in our cabinet than any Republican president in the history of our country.”在去年的一场妇女历史月庆祝活动上，特朗普宣称：“我非常高兴地宣布，我们内阁中的女性人数超过我国历史上任何一位共和党总统。”That is no longer the case. There are now four women remaining in cabinet-level positions.这一点已经改变。目前内阁级职位上仅剩四位女性。In many instances, the female officials who departed appeared to have failed some kind of loyalty test to Mr. Trump.在许多情况下，离任的女性官员似乎都未能通过特朗普的某种忠诚度测试。Ms. Bondi came under fire for her handling of the release of the Epstein files, and for falling short of Mr. Trump’s demands for retribution against his enemies. Mr. Trump was also dissatisfied with her performance in congressional hearings and on television.邦迪处理爱泼斯坦文件公布事宜的方式受到猛烈批评，并因未能满足特朗普报复政敌的要求而遭受非议。特朗普对她在国会听证会及电视上的表现同样感到不满。Testimony before Congress also appeared to be a catalyst for Ms. Noem’s firing, particularly her statement that Mr. Trump had approved of tens of millions of dollars of government ads in which she was prominently featured. Mr. Trump denied that account.在国会作证似乎也是诺姆被免职的导火索，特别是她声称特朗普曾批准数千万美元政府广告——她本人在广告中大量出镜。特朗普否认了这一说法。3月，克里斯蒂·诺姆在参议院国土安全部监督听证会上作证。 Tierney L. Cross/The New York TimesMs. Gabbard resigned to care for her ill husband. But her announcement came amid a strained relationship with the White House, and after she refused to testify to Congress that Iran had posed an imminent threat, as Mr. Trump had asserted to justify his war against the country. Mr. Trump said she was “softer on that” issue than he was.加巴德因照顾患病的丈夫而辞职。但她宣布离职之时与白宫关系紧张；此前，特朗普曾声称伊朗构成迫在眉睫的威胁，以此证明其对伊开战的合理性，而加巴德拒绝就此向国会作证。特朗普表示，她在这个问题上“比我温和”。Ms. Chavez-DeRemer resigned after becoming embroiled in scandal amid allegations that her agency was rife with toxicity and dysfunction, and that she had grossly abused her power by having an inappropriate relationship with a staffer and by using public funding for private purposes.查韦斯-德雷默在卷入丑闻后辞职。此前有指控称，她领导的机构充斥着恶劣氛围与运转失调，她还与一名工作人员保持不当关系并将公共资金挪作私用，严重滥用职权。But even some of Mr. Trump’s fiercest critics, who were glad to see the female cabinet members go, called out what they saw as a glaring double standard.但即便是特朗普的一些最激烈批评者——尽管他们乐见这些女性内阁成员离开——也指出了在他们看来十分刺眼的双重标准。“Is he out of women?” Representative Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, Democrat of New York, said after the departures of Ms. Bondi and Ms. Noem, when asked by a reporter whom the president should fire next. “Trump only seems to have the capability to fire female secretaries.”“他手上没有女性可用了吗？”在邦迪和诺姆离任后，被记者问及总统接下来该解雇谁时，纽约州民主党众议员亚历山德里娅·奥卡西奥-科尔特斯回答说。“特朗普似乎只具备解雇女性部长的能力。”Representative Jasmine Crockett, a Texas Democrat who is a frequent target of the president’s mockery, wrote in a social media post that Mr. Hegseth should be the next to go. “I see a theme,” she wrote of Mr. Trump. “He will throw the incompetent women under the bus a lot faster than the incompetent men.”经常成为总统嘲讽目标的得克萨斯州民主党众议员贾丝明·克罗克特在一篇社交媒体帖文中写道，下一个走人的应该是海格塞斯。“我看出一个规律，”她这样评价特朗普。“他抛弃不称职女性的速度比抛弃不称职男性快得多。”In April, Representative Madeleine Dean, Democrat of Pennsylvania, grilled Mr. Lutnick about the double standard during a congressional hearing, pointing to revelations about his connection to the sexual predator Jeffrey Epstein.今年4月，宾夕法尼亚州民主党众议员玛德琳·迪安在一场国会听证会上就这一双重标准严厉质问卢特尼克，直指外界关于他与性犯罪者杰弗里·爱泼斯坦存在牵连的爆料。司法部公布的文件显示，商务部长霍华德·卢特尼克名列性犯罪者杰弗里·爱泼斯坦私人岛屿的到访者之一。 Tierney L. Cross/The New York Times“Is the president concerned about your continued relationship that you had with Mr. Epstein?” she asked.“总统是否担心你过去与爱泼斯坦先生持续保持的关系？”她问道。“I am not going to discuss conversations I have with the president,” Mr. Lutnick replied.“我不会讨论我与总统之间的谈话，”卢特尼克回答道。“President Trump has just fired three cabinet secretaries — three women,” Ms. Dean responded. “If President Trump has even a shred of concern about accountability for Jeffrey Epstein’s enablers, he would fire you too.”“特朗普总统刚解雇了三位内阁部长——三位女性，”迪安回应道。“如果特朗普总统对追究杰弗里·爱泼斯坦帮凶的责任哪怕存有一丝一毫的关切，他也应该把你解雇。”May Mailman, director of the Independent Women’s Law Center and a former senior White House official in both of Mr. Trump’s administrations, said that there were plenty of powerful women serving in key roles.独立女性法律中心主任、曾在特朗普两届政府中任职的前白宫高级官员梅·梅尔曼表示，仍有许多有权势的女性在担任关键职务。She pointed to Ms. Wiles as well as to appointees like Erica Schwartz, who was recently confirmed to lead the Centers for Disease Control, and Harmeet Dhillon, who leads the civil rights division at the Department of Justice.她列举了威尔斯，以及最近获得参议院确认领导疾病控制与预防中心的埃丽卡·施瓦茨，和领导司法部民权司的哈米特·迪隆等被任命者。“There’s no loneliness of the female conservative in the Trump administration,” Ms. Mailman said. “There’s only empowerment. You’re a necessary member of the team for who you are, not your sex.”“女性保守派在特朗普政府中不会孤单，”梅尔曼说。“只有赋权。你之所以成为团队中不可或缺的一员，是因为你是你，而不是因为你的性别。”上月在总统前往纽约的行程中，白宫办公厅主任苏西·威尔斯（右）与特朗普的特别助理马戈·马丁同行。Erica L. Green是《纽约时报》白宫记者，报道特朗普总统及其政府新闻。翻译：经雷点击查看本文英文版。