AMELIA NIERENBERG, LYNSEY CHUTEL, CATHERINE PORTER2026年10月19日法医人员检查法国里昂的旅游咨询处。 Jeff Pachoud/Agence France-Presse — Getty ImagesFrance is reeling from its largest unrest in years, after anti-government demonstrations devolved into riots and looting that caused nationwide damage and deepened a sense of national reckoning.法国正因多年来最大规模的骚乱而动荡。反政府示威演变成暴力和抢劫，造成全国性破坏，加深了国民对国家的反思。As the chaos subsided on Sunday, political leaders blamed each other for the unrest and citizens looked on with shock at their cities, littered with broken glass and the charred skeletons of burned cars.周日，随着混乱逐渐平息，政治领导人就骚乱相互指责，而民众震惊地看着自己的城市，街道上散落着碎玻璃和烧毁汽车的焦黑骨架。The violence marked a convergence between a weeks-old student movement for better school conditions, an emerging national movement to protest high living costs, and opportunistic rioters who used the demonstrations as a cover for looting.这场暴力事件标志着三股力量的汇合：持续数周、要求改善学校条件的学生运动；抗议高生活成本的新兴全国性运动；以及借示威为掩护进行抢劫的投机骚乱者。The protests have heightened a sense of fiscal and social crisis in France, the European Union’s second-largest economy. The government is trying to pass an unpopular belt-tightening budget while facing public anger that has helped position Marine Le Pen, a far-right leader, as the favorite to win the presidency in an election next spring.这些抗议加剧了欧盟第二大经济体法国的财政和社会危机感。政府正试图通过一项不受欢迎的紧缩预算，同时面对公众愤怒，而这种愤怒已帮助极右翼领导人玛丽娜·勒庞成为明年春季总统选举的热门人选。What happened this weekend?这个周末发生了什么？More than half a million people joined some 110 marches throughout France on Saturday, the interior ministry said, in the biggest day of protest since the demonstrations began about a month ago. A major union, the C.G.T., gave a higher estimate, saying 800,000 protesters had turned out.内政部称，周六全法约有110场游行，参与人数超过50万人，这是示威开始约一个月以来规模最大的一天。主要工会组织法国总工会给出的估计数字更高，称有80万抗议者走上街头。Amid many peaceful demonstrations, rioters vandalized roughly 1,500 shops and many symbols of the French state, leading to roughly 2,000 arrests. An arson attack largely destroyed the town hall in Limoges, in central France. In Marseille, the second-largest city, masked people broke into a government building and tipped over a bust of Marianne, a symbol of the Republic.尽管许多示威是和平的，但骚乱者破坏了约1500家商铺和许多法国国家象征，导致约2000人被捕。法国中部利摩日市的一场纵火袭击几乎将市政厅烧毁。在第二大城市马赛，蒙面者闯入一座政府大楼，推倒了共和国象征玛丽安娜的半身像。周六，在法国各地爆发的全国性抗议活动中，巴黎的示威者与警方发生了冲突。Why are students protesting?学生为什么抗议？High school students started protesting last month to express frustration with the condition of their schools.高中生自上个月开始抗议，表达对学校状况的不满。They have pointed to crumbling infrastructure, overcrowded classrooms, overloaded schedules, a shortage of teachers and staff, and underfunding in schools. Many are also calling for an overhaul of state-run admissions platforms for higher education and universities that they call unfairly selective.他们指出了基础设施破败、教室拥挤、课程安排过重、教师和工作人员短缺以及学校资金不足等问题。许多人还呼吁全面改革公立高等教育和大学的招生平台，称其选拔机制不公。Students have blockaded hundreds of schools. They have set fire to, or damaged, at least 24 of them, according to the government. Thousands have been arrested since September and over 1,000 police officers, students and school staff have been hurt.学生们封锁了数百所学校。据政府称，其中至少有24所学校被纵火或遭到破坏。自9月以来已有数千人被捕，超过1000名警察、学生和学校工作人员受伤。The students’ anger has been exacerbated by the police’s forceful response. Prosecutors and a police watchdog are investigating at least 34 cases involving accusations of police misconduct during the protests.警方的强力回应加剧了学生们的愤怒。检察官和一家警察监督机构正在调查至少34起涉及抗议期间警察不当行为指控的案件。The cases include a 15-year-old boy whose left hand was ripped off, officials said, likely by the explosion of a police stun grenade; and a 14-year-old boy maimed by a tear-gas grenade that an officer had fired at close range.官员称，这些案件包括一名15岁男孩的左手被炸断，可能是由警方的震爆弹爆炸所致；还有一名14岁男孩因一名警员在近距离投掷催泪瓦斯手榴弹而致残。周六在马赛，示威活动开始前的冲突中，防暴警察拘留了一名抗议者。Why did other groups join the students?为什么其他群体加入学生？Throughout October, labor unions and other campaign groups have increasingly joined the students’ demonstrations. They have held bigger rallies to express solidarity with the students as well as to protest a broader range of issues.整个10月，工会和其他运动团体越来越多地参与学生示威。他们举行了更大规模的集会，声援学生，并抗议更广泛的问题。Some are angry over the cost of living and rising fuel prices that have surged, in part, because of the Iran war. Farmers have joined in, angry at agricultural costs.一些人对生活成本和燃料价格上涨感到愤怒，燃料价格上涨部分是因为伊朗战争。农民也加入进来，对农业生产成本上涨感到愤怒。Social media accounts associated with the “yellow vest” protest movement, which beset France nearly a decade ago with roadside demonstrations against high gas prices and other issues, have joined calls for demonstrations.与“黄背心”抗议运动相关的社交媒体账号也加入了呼吁示威的行列。近十年前，该运动曾因抗议高油价及其他问题而在法国各地引发路边示威。And left-wing parties have also seized on the protests as part of a wider expression of discontent at President Emmanuel Macron, who is limited to two terms and is nearing the end of his time in office.左翼政党也利用这些抗议表达对总统马克龙更为广泛的不满。马克龙受任期限制仅能连任两届，其任期即将结束。Such discontent has a long history in France, where student-led protests in 1968 nearly toppled the government and helped transform French society.这种不满在法国有着悠久的历史。1968年，由学生领导的抗议几乎推翻政府，并帮助改变了法国社会。在周六发生的众多和平示威活动中，暴徒破坏了约1500家商店以及许多法国国家的象征性建筑。What is the political fallout?政治影响是什么？On Sunday, far-right leaders and the centrist government blamed the far left for the chaos. They pointed in particular to a major far-left party, France Unbowed, that they said provoked the unrest.周日，极右翼领导人和中间派政府将混乱归咎于极左翼，尤其指责主要极左政党“不屈法国”，称其挑起骚乱。Prime Minister Sébastien Lecornu has accused party leaders of sowing distrust about the police among student protesters, and said some rioters were members of the “ultra-left.”总理塞巴斯蒂安·勒科尔尼指责该党领导人向学生抗议者散布对警察的不信任，并称一些骚乱者是“极左翼”成员。France Unbowed has rejected that accusation and its leader, Jean-Luc Mélenchon, has instead blamed the government for actions that he said made the unrest more likely.“不屈法国”拒绝这一指控，其领导人让-吕克·梅朗雄反而指责政府采取的行动加剧了骚乱的可能性。Mr. Mélenchon said on social media that Prime Minister Sébastien Lecornu was “responsible for the chaos, because of “incompetence or a worst-case strategy to create a party of order that would make people forget his failure in public finances.” Mr. Lecornu did not respond to that accusation.梅朗雄在社交媒体上说，总理塞巴斯蒂安·勒科尔尼“应对这场混乱负责”，原因在于“无能，或是采取了一种最坏的策略，试图打造一个‘秩序党’来让人们忘记他在公共财政方面的失败”。勒科尔尼没有回应这一指控。Giulia Imbert、Ségolène Le Stradic和Zane Irwin对本文有报道贡献。Amelia Nierenberg是《纽约时报》记者，自伦敦报道国际新闻。Lynsey Chutel是《纽约时报》驻伦敦记者，负责报道非洲、中东和欧洲的突发新闻。Catherine Porter是《纽约时报》国际新闻记者，报道法国新闻。她常驻法国。翻译：晋其角点击查看本文英文版。