In a Columbia University School of Nursing study surveying 1,185 U.S.-based adults about AI use in secure medical portals, 63% of patients said they would not endorse AI-generated medical responses without a clinician's review. This suggests that while patients see value in using AI for certain health care tasks, they prefer a human review when medical advice is involved. The study, "Public Perceptions of Timeliness for AI Use and Human Oversight," was published in the JAMA Network Open on Oct. 14, 2026.