The advent of a new technology invariably comes with strategic implications, raising the question of who will benefit and whether risks can be managed. In 1957, following the Soviet Sputnik launch, U.S. policymakers and analysts recognized that the satellite, as the American physicist and engineer Lloyd Berkner observed in these pages, would bring transformative effects. The United States could not risk losing out, Berkner argued, but nor should governments allow geopolitical tensions to prevent the technology’s broad benefits from emerging.