JASON HOROWITZ2026年8月3日上周五，西班牙与摩洛哥边境附近的移民。上周，数万人非法进入西班牙属地休达，不过到周五结束时，其中大多数人已返回。 Abdel Majid Bziouat/Agence France-Presse — Getty ImagesLike so many others in Morocco, Mohammed Ahmidho saw on his social media feeds early Thursday that the heavily guarded border his country shared with the Spanish territory of Ceuta was open.像摩洛哥的许多其他人一样，上周四早上，穆罕默德·阿米多在社交媒体动态中看到，他的国家与西班牙领土休达间戒备森严的边境开放了。Soon enough, he joined a crowd in the tens of thousands, many of whom were astonished to see Moroccan police urge them, as he recalled, to “come to Spain.” Some climbed over the fence, as he did, or dove through holes in the chain-link, or swam across the maritime border. Some wore wet-suits, sometimes kicking with flippers, or floated to the Spanish coast in orange life preservers, pink inflatable doughnuts around their waists. At least 60 people died in the mayhem.很快，他加入了数以万计的人潮。据他回忆，许多人惊讶地发现，摩洛哥警察竟催促他们“快去西班牙”。有些人像他一样翻过栅栏，有人钻过铁丝网的破洞，还有人游过海上边界。有些人穿着潜水服，有时还拍打脚蹼，有人穿着橙色的救生衣、腰间套着粉红色的充气救生圈，漂浮到西班牙海岸。至少有60人在混乱中丧生。“A lot of people came,” said Mr. Ahmidho, 37. “A lot.”“来了很多人，”37岁的阿米多说。“非常多。”He was among roughly 50,000 people who crossed the border into a Spanish town of only 84,000 residents on Thursday and early Friday, according to the Spanish interior ministry. That was a more intense surge than in any equivalent period during the peak of the European migration crisis in 2015.根据西班牙内政部的数据，周四和周五早些时候，大约有5万人越境进入这个只有8.4万居民的西班牙小镇，他就是其中之一。这比2015年欧洲移民危机高峰期任何同时段的激增都要猛烈得多。By Friday morning, the city looked like the emergency that Europe has been trying to avoid since that era of mass migration 11 years ago, the last time so many non-Europeans surged into European-held territory, upended the continent’s politics and spurred the rise of its anti-immigrant right.到了周五早上，这座城市呈现出的景象正是欧洲自11年前那场大规模移民潮以来一直试图避免的紧急状况。那一次，众多非欧洲人涌入欧洲管辖的领土，颠覆了欧洲的政治格局，并且刺激了欧洲反移民右翼势力的崛起。As the city’s residents hunkered down and shuttered their stores, groups of mostly young men with nowhere to go filled squares and avenues, condominium courtyards, hilltop overlooks and bridge underpasses. Some took dips in waters patrolled by a Spanish naval ship or waded through a band of floating detritus — plastic bags and water bottles — caught in the current. Others marched across a beach littered with the things their fellow arrivals had carried: single shoes, a shed wet-suit, mobile phone cases, an I.D. card from Casablanca.城市居民躲在家里，关掉店铺，成群结队无处可去的人涌入了广场、街道、公寓庭院、山顶观景台和桥下通道，其中大部分是年轻男子。有人跳进西班牙军舰巡逻的水域里游泳，有人淌过被水流裹挟的漂浮垃圾带，里面满是塑料袋和水瓶。还有人走过海滩，那里散落着同行者们遗落的物品：单只的鞋子、脱下的潜水服、手机壳、一张来自卡萨布兰卡的身份证。休达近海，海面上漂浮着从摩洛哥越境者的物品和垃圾。Spanish soldiers, many of whom had been mobilized on Thursday to deal with the crisis, stood on nearby tanks. They watched the migrants drink water from beach showers, each shaped like vertical surfboards and branded with the slogan, “Ceuta, where you feel the emotions.”许多在周四被动员来应对危机的西班牙士兵站在附近的坦克上。他们看着移民从海滩淋浴器中喝水，这些淋浴器形似垂直的冲浪板，上面印着标语：“休达，触动心灵。”Nearby, young teens laughed under the whirl of patrol helicopters as they tried out the exercise equipment at a beach playground. Mr. Ahmidho wore a pink bathing suit and stood bare-chested, his black T-shirt slung over his shoulder. The soles of his feet were cut, he said, from clambering over rocks near the border.在附近，几名十几岁的少年在巡逻直升机盘旋的轰鸣声中开怀大笑，试玩海滩游乐场的健身器材。阿米多穿着粉红色的泳裤，赤裸着上身，黑色T恤搭在肩膀上。他说，他的脚底在攀爬边境附近的岩石时被割破了。His voyage had been a disappointment, he said. Like so many, he had come to find work, only to find soldiers and policemen harrying him to leave. “There’s no water, there’s no food, there’s no place to sleep,” he said. “There’s nothing.”他说，他的这趟旅程令人失望。像许多人一样，他来是为了找工作，结果却发现士兵和警察不断驱赶他离开。“没有水，没有食物，没有睡觉的地方，”他说。“什么都没有。”As the migrants took over the streets, residents mostly stayed hidden in their homes, keeping their shops and businesses closed.随着移民占据了街道，居民大多躲在家里，店铺关门歇业。Emerging briefly, Francisco Pérez, 68, rushed his grandchildren into car seats as the migrants walked around him. He said his granddaughter had asked why they couldn’t go to the beach, and why there were “so many Moroccans.” The locals, he said, were “scared” and furious with the Spanish government, which, he said, had abandoned them.68岁的弗朗西斯科·佩雷斯短暂地走出家门，移民从他身边走过时，他急忙把孙子孙女塞进汽车里。他说，孙女问他为什么不能去海滩，以及为什么有“这么多摩洛哥人”。他说，当地人感到“害怕”，并对西班牙政府感到愤怒，他认为政府抛弃了他们。Pedro Sánchez, the Spanish prime minister, tried to avert such reactions by rushing to Ceuta on Friday morning to show his support for its citizens and also to condemn the influx as a “violation of Spain’s territorial integrity.”西班牙首相佩德罗·桑切斯试图避免这种反应，他于周五上午赶赴休达，表达对当地公民的支持，并谴责这种涌入是“对西班牙领土完整的侵犯”。上周五，一名西班牙士兵在休达。西班牙增派了更多部队应对移民潮。For Mr. Sánchez’s right-wing critics — both at home, around Europe and throughout the world, including at the White House — the surge of migrants was an indictment of his pro-immigration policies. His government allowed more than one million migrants illegally living in Spain to apply for legal residency this year — a move that his opponents said had helped to entice the migrants this week.对于桑切斯先生的右翼批评者来说——无论是在国内、欧洲各地还是在包括白宫的全世界，移民激增是对其亲移民政策的控诉。他的政府今年允许在西班牙非法居住的超过100万移民申请合法居留权，反对者说，此举助长了本周的移民潮。To opponents of immigration, the footage of migrants sweeping into the tiny Spanish territory amounted to Exhibit A for their case. Ceuta, all of a sudden, became an international emblem for the perils of unchecked illegal immigration.对移民反对者来说，移民涌入这块小小西班牙领土的画面无异于他们论点的首要证据。休达突然成了无节制非法移民危险性的国际象征。In response, Mr. Sánchez blamed human traffickers for misleading the migrants about how easy it would be to claim asylum in Spain — and noted that, despite his migrant-friendly policies, Spain has attracted fewer illegal migrants in recent years than in some European neighbors.作为回应，桑切斯先生指责人口贩子误导移民，让他们以为在西班牙申请庇护很容易，同时指出，尽管他采取了对移民友好的政策，但近年来西班牙吸引的非法移民少于一些欧洲邻国。It is still unclear why so many people came to Ceuta. Many of the Moroccans who wandered around Ceuta on Friday wondered if the doors hadn’t opened because of some unknown plan by Morocco, which has been accused of using immigrant flows in the past for political pressure.目前尚不清楚为什么会有这么多人来到休达。周五在休达游荡的许多摩洛哥人想知道，边境大门之所以敞开，是否是因为摩洛哥的某个未知计划——摩洛哥过去曾被指控利用移民潮施加政治压力。“I don’t know why they let us through,” said Ajoub el-Arrot, 24, who said he heard about the open border on social media. “Maybe they had some political reason. They opened the border and let everyone go by.”“我不知道他们为什么放我们过去，”24岁的阿乔布·埃尔-阿罗特说，他表示自己是在社交媒体上听说了边境开放的消息。“也许他们有一些政治原因。他们开放了边境，让所有人都过去了。”He added, “When there are political problems, Morocco opens the doors and tells us to go.”他还说：“当出现政治问题的时候，摩洛哥就会打开大门，让我们离开。”Douae Tabit, 19, who also said she heard about the unchecked crossing on social media, said it went “viral” and passed by word of mouth, attracting people from all around Morocco. Fluent in English, French and Spanish, she said she worked as a nurse and photographer and spontaneously decided to take advantage of the opportunity.19岁的杜阿·塔比也说她是在社交媒体上看到了这一无限制越境的消息。她说，消息像“迅速疯转”，并且口口相传，吸引了摩洛哥各地的人。她能说流利的英语、法语和西班牙语，并表示自己是护士兼摄影师，临时决定抓住这个机会。上周五，一名移民在休达逃离警察的追捕。She climbed over a fence and swam to the Spanish shore, she said, but she had expected something more welcoming: No one had food, water or a place to sleep. Still, she said, “I’m not going back.“她说，她翻过栅栏游到了西班牙海岸，但她原本期待会受到更热情的欢迎：这里没有人提供食物、水或睡觉的地方。尽管如此，她还是说：“我不会回去了。”Many seemed not to know exactly what they were doing there.许多人似乎并不清楚自己到底为何来到这里。Young men, shirtless or in soccer jerseys, marched barefoot or sometimes in a single sandal, as if in an aimless parade. One teenager gently knocked on the grate of a closed food market while others hovered longingly around the city’s locked supermarkets.赤膊或穿着足球服的年轻人们光着脚，有的人只穿着一只凉鞋，仿佛在进行一场毫无目的的游行。一名少年轻轻敲打着已关闭的食品市场的铁栅栏，还有人在城中大门紧锁的超市周围满怀渴望地徘徊。As Friday morning turned to afternoon and the harsh sun burned away the clouds, men sought shade wherever they could. One group gathered under a hulking statue of Hercules near the port terminal. Others leaned against gas station pumps or reclined under the tents of abandoned stalls that had been raised for a local food fair. Still more looked in trash bins for food, or begged passers-by for water. One woman fainted by a Zara store.到了周五午后，刺眼的阳光驱散了云层，人们四处寻找能遮阳的地方。一群人聚集在港口码头附近一尊巨大的赫拉克勒斯雕像下。还有人靠在加油站的油泵边，或者躺在为当地美食节搭建的、已经废弃的摊位帐篷下。更多人在垃圾桶里翻找食物，或者向路人讨水喝。一名女子在一家Zara门店旁晕倒。Sulayman Ahmed, 15, a resident of Ceuta who is of Moroccan descent, said he couldn’t believe that Morocco was letting so many people through.15岁的苏莱曼·艾哈迈德是一名有摩洛哥血统的休达居民，他说自己不敢相信摩洛哥竟然让这么多人过来。“They have to put more resources to stop people from coming,” he said, complaining that the appearances of politicians at the border, including that of Mr. Sánchez, amounted to “theater.”“他们必须投入更多资源，阻止人们过来，”他说，并抱怨包括桑切斯在内的政界人士在边境的露面无异于“做戏”。一些移民坐在休达海岸线的岩石上。许多人来到西班牙是为了找工作，却发现士兵和警察正逼迫他们离开。As the day progressed, it became clear many of the migrants were leaving. By the boardwalk, they hovered around Spanish soldiers who had hooked a mobile phone to stereos that played messages in Arabic telling them to go home. Other Spanish soldiers and police officers threatened the migrants, waving their sticks to push them back to the border. In town, a roving band of young Spanish men chased down and intimidated Moroccan stragglers.随着时间推移，显然许多移民正在离开。在木板人行道旁，他们徘徊在西班牙士兵周围，士兵将手机连接到立体声音响上，播放阿拉伯语广播，告诉他们回家。还有些西班牙士兵和警察挥舞警棍威胁移民，将他们赶回边境。在镇上，一群游荡的西班牙年轻男子追逐并恐吓滞留的摩洛哥人。Even as a sprinkling of late arrivals waded through the water, a mass return was underway.即使仍有零星的晚到者涉水而过，一场大规模的遣返行动已经在展开。By 6 p.m., 48,300 people had gone back across the border, according to Spain’s interior ministry. They crossed into a small beach between the countries’ border fences, its sands strewed with clothes and plastic bags, as Spanish soldiers yelled for migrants to keep moving out of Ceuta. Then they walked past iron gates topped with barbed wire and floodlights, back into Morocco.根据西班牙内政部的数据，截至周五下午6点，已有48300人越境返回。他们越过两国边境围栏之间的一片小海滩，沙滩上散落着衣服和塑料袋，西班牙士兵大声喊叫着让移民继续离开休达。随后，人们走过顶部装有铁丝网和探照灯的铁门，回到摩洛哥。Mr. Ahmidho moved in the long line, deeply disappointed with his adventure across the border.阿米多走在长长的队伍中，对这次跨越边境的冒险深感失望。“They had nothing for us,” he said. “They were screaming, ‘Get out of Spain.’”“他们什么也没给我们，”他说。“他们叫喊着，‘滚出西班牙。’”Jason Horowitz是时报马德里分社社长，报道西班牙、葡萄牙新闻以及欧洲各地人们的生活。翻译：晋其角点击查看本文英文版。