LEO SANDS2026年6月16日The United States and Iran have reached a preliminary agreement to cease hostilities for 60 days and reopen the Strait of Hormuz, paving the way to future talks that could ultimately end their monthslong war.美国和伊朗已达成初步协议，暂停敌对行动60天并重开霍尔木兹海峡，为未来可能最终结束这场已持续数月战争的谈判铺平了道路。The full text of the agreement has not been published. But emerging details suggested that some of the most difficult issues, including the fate of Iran’s nuclear program, have been deferred to future rounds of negotiations.协议全文尚未公布。但目前披露出来的细节显示，包括伊朗核计划命运在内的一些最棘手问题已被推迟到后续谈判中解决。The framework commits the United States to begin dismantling its naval blockade of Iran, while Iran will clear mines in the Strait of Hormuz and reopen the vital waterway to shipping, according to officials briefed on the document. In effect, that would return the situation to the status quo in late February, when the war began.据已获悉协议内容的官员透露，该框架要求美国开始解除对伊朗的海上封锁，伊朗则将清除霍尔木兹海峡的水雷，重新开放这条至关重要的航运通道。实际上，这将使局势回到今年2月底战争爆发前的状态。Here’s what to know.以下是需要了解的内容。Who announced the agreement?谁宣布了这项协议？The United States and Iran, alongside Pakistan, which has been playing the role of mediator, all said on Sunday that an agreement had been reached, although they used varying language to describe it.美国、伊朗以及一直担任调解方的巴基斯坦都在周日表示协议已经达成，不过各方使用的表述有所不同。President Trump said in a post on social media that “This Great Deal will bring Peace and Security to the whole Region.” Iran’s Supreme National Security Council described the agreement as a “memorandum of understanding.”特朗普总统在社交媒体上发文称，“这项伟大的协议将为整个地区带来和平与安全。”伊朗最高国家安全委员会则将该协议称为“谅解备忘录”。Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif of Pakistan said that the United States and Iran had committed to an “immediate and permanent termination of military operations on all fronts, including in Lebanon,” a point that was also emphasized by Iranian officials. Fighting erupted in Lebanon between Israel and Hezbollah, the Iran-backed militia, soon after the U.S.-Israeli war on Iran began in late February, and has been a key sticking point in the U.S.-Iran talks.巴基斯坦总理谢里夫表示，美国和伊朗已承诺“立即永久停止包括黎巴嫩在内所有战线的军事行动”——伊朗官员也强调了这一点。自2月底美以对伊战争爆发后不久，以色列与伊朗支持的民兵组织真主党之间就在黎巴嫩爆发了战斗，并成为美伊谈判的主要障碍之一。Neither Israel nor Hezbollah, the warring sides in Lebanon, is a party to the agreement between the United States and Iran. It is unclear how the new deal will affect the fighting there, although Israeli officials on Monday rejected the prospect of any military withdrawal from Lebanon.黎巴嫩的交战双方——以色列和真主党——均不是美伊协议的缔约方。目前尚不清楚新协议将对黎巴嫩战局造成怎样的影响，不过以色列官员周一已明确拒绝从黎巴嫩撤军的可能性。What is the timeline?时间表是如何安排的？The United States and Iran have agreed to a multistage framework involving lengthier negotiations.美伊两国已同意一个涉及更长谈判周期的多阶段框架协议。Iran’s deputy foreign minister, Kazem Gharibabadi, told state television that Iran’s commitments under the agreement — which he did not detail in full — would begin on Friday, when the deal is scheduled to be formally signed in Geneva.伊朗副外长加里巴巴迪在接受国家电视台采访时表示，伊朗在该协议框架下承担的义务（他未全部披露）将于周五在日内瓦正式签署协议时启动。After that, the United States and Iran will cease hostilities for at least 60 days to allow for negotiations to resolve outstanding issues. Mr. Sharif said that mediators will “lay the foundations for the technical talks” in a series of discussions this week.此后，美伊双方将停止敌对行动至少60天，以便通过谈判解决未决问题。谢里夫表示，调解方将在本周的一系列讨论中“为技术性谈判奠定基础”。Mr. Gharibabadi said that Iran’s nuclear program — a critical, unresolved issue — will be among the issues to be discussed in the next round of negotiations.加里巴巴迪表示，伊朗核计划——一个关键的未决问题——将列入下一轮谈判的议程。What about the Strait of Hormuz?霍尔木兹海峡将如何处理？Before the war, around one-fifth of the world’s oil supply transited through the Strait of Hormuz, which was in effect shut down by Iran during the fighting, leading to a spike in global energy prices.战争爆发前，全球约五分之一的石油供应都经由霍尔木兹海峡运输。战争期间，伊朗实际上关闭了该海峡，导致全球能源价格飙升。Mr. Trump said on social media Sunday that the strait would reopen to commercial shipping on Friday, suggesting that Iran would first remove mines from the crucial waterway. He also said that he had ordered an immediate end to the U.S. naval blockade of Iranian ports, which began in mid-April in an effort to block the flow of Iranian oil.特朗普周日在社交媒体上表示，该海峡将于周五重新向商业航运开放，这意味着伊朗首先需要清除这条关键航道中的水雷。他还表示，自己已下令立即结束美国对伊朗港口的海上封锁。该封锁始于4月中旬，目的是阻止伊朗石油出口。In an interview with The New York Times, the president said that the strait would be “permanently toll-free” under the framework agreement, restoring the status before the war began.在接受《纽约时报》采访时，特朗普表示，根据框架协议，海峡将实现“永久免费通行”，恢复至战前状态。Mr. Trump’s announcement about the strait prompted the price of Brent crude, the global benchmark for oil, to fall nearly 5 percent to around $83 a barrel.特朗普的话促使国际油价基准布伦特原油下跌近5%，至每桶83美元左右。。Iranian officials have not commented on the specifics of the agreement.伊朗官员尚未就协议的具体内容发表评论。What happens to Iran’s nuclear program?伊朗核计划将何去何从？The preliminary agreement leaves the question of Iran’s nuclear program unresolved. Mr. Gharibabadi, Iran’s deputy foreign minister, said that “nuclear matters” would be among the issues discussed during the next round of negotiations.这项初步协议并未解决伊朗核计划的问题。伊朗副外长加里巴巴迪表示，“核问题”将成为下一轮谈判的讨论议题之一。According to earlier comments by U.S. officials and diplomats, there are four major points of negotiation for those discussions: how long Iran may suspend uranium enrichment, the future of Iran’s current stockpile of enriched uranium, the fate of Iran’s nuclear sites and future inspections of Iran’s nuclear program.根据美国官员和外交人士此前的表态，下一阶段谈判将围绕四个核心议题展开：伊朗暂停铀浓缩活动的期限、伊朗现有浓缩铀库存的处置、伊朗核设施的未来安排，以及今后对伊朗核计划的核查机制。Mr. Trump has long said that Iran must give up its stockpile of highly enriched uranium, which the United States and Israel fear could be used to build a nuclear weapon. Iran’s leadership has maintained for years that it has no intentions to build an atomic weapon.特朗普长期以来一直表示，伊朗必须放弃其高浓缩铀库存——美国和以色列担心这些库存可能被用于制造核武器。伊朗领导层多年来一直坚称，它无意制造核武器。In the interview with The Times, Mr. Trump conceded that no consensus had been reached. He said the United States and Iran were negotiating over the length of time for which Iran would commit to suspending its enrichment of uranium. Under the agreement being sought, he said, Iran would be limited to enriching uranium for “nonmilitary purposes.”在接受《纽约时报》采访时，特朗普承认双方尚未达成共识。他表示，美国和伊朗目前正在就伊朗暂停铀浓缩活动的期限进行谈判。按照寻求达成的协议，伊朗未来将仅被允许出于“非军事目的”进行铀浓缩。What will happen to Iran’s frozen assets?如何处理伊朗被冻结的资产？The fate of billions of dollars of frozen Iranian assets, around $25 billion of which are locked in overseas accounts by longstanding international sanctions, was also deferred.关于被冻结的伊朗资产——其中约250亿美元因长期国际制裁被冻结在海外账户——其命运同样被推迟到未来的谈判予以解决。According to Mr. Gharibabadi, the lifting of sanctions will be addressed in future negotiations.据加里巴巴迪称，解除制裁的问题将在未来的谈判中处理。In the interview on Sunday, Mr. Trump repeated his insistence that Tehran would not secure the release of its frozen assets or receive any relief from sanctions until it delivered on its commitments.在周日的采访中，特朗普再次强调，德黑兰只有在履行承诺后，才能解冻被冻结的资产或获得任何制裁的豁免。Will the agreement end the fighting in Lebanon?该协议会结束黎巴嫩的战斗吗？Iran has insisted that any peace agreement encompass Lebanon, while Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu of Israel has sought to disentangle the two conflicts and retain the latitude to attack Hezbollah.伊朗一直坚持，任何和平协议都必须涵盖黎巴嫩问题；而以色列总理内塔尼亚胡则力图将两场冲突分开处理，保留打击真主党的自主权。Iran and Pakistan said that the preliminary agreement announced Sunday included a commitment to end military operations on all fronts, including Lebanon.伊朗和巴基斯坦均表示，周日宣布的初步协议包含停止所有战线军事行动的承诺，其中也包括黎巴嫩。But since neither Hezbollah nor Israel is party to the agreement, so enforcing that commitment would depend on the United States’ ability to compel Israel to wind down its military campaign and Iran’s cooperation in restraining Hezbollah. The extent to which Iran and the United States expect Israel to scale back its military operations was also unclear.但由于真主党和以色列都不是协议签署方，因此这一承诺能否落实，取决于美国迫使以色列逐步缩减军事行动的能力，以及伊朗是否愿意约束真主党。伊朗和美国期望以色列在多大程度上缩减其军事行动也不得而知。On Monday, Israel’s defense minister, Israel Katz, said in a statement that Israeli forces will remain in the swath of Lebanese territory they have seized and occupied since the war began.周一，以色列国防部长卡茨在一份声明中表示，以色列军队将留在自战争爆发以来夺取并占领的黎巴嫩领土。Leo Sands是《纽约时报》突发新闻中心的记者，常驻伦敦。翻译：杜然点击查看本文英文版。