With the World Cup knockout phase underway, the possibility of extra-time and penalties has arrived.The most intense moments at the tournament come after 120 minutes of gruelling play, such as Argentina beating France on penalties in the 2022 final.Paraguay were overjoyed after beating the Germans in a penalty shootoutGettyThere have already been two instances of late-game drama in the Round of 32 with shocks for two European heavyweights as Germany and the Netherlands were dumped out on spot kicks.There was emotions of disbelief as Paraguay smashed home a decisive penalty to upset the four-time champions Germany after the tie had finished 1-1 after extra-time.Just three hours later, the Dutch faced the same fate after Morocco came from behind to prevail 3-2 on penalties.Extra-time rules at the World CupIf a clash between nations remains level after the allocated 90 minutes, it goes to an added period.It consists of two 15-minute halves, which add up to 30 minutes in total with a short break in between.There are no hydration breaks beyond the regular 90 minutes, but each team is granted an extra substitution.The game will continue if one team scores, as there is no ‘golden goal’ or ‘sudden death’ format this year.The golden goal rule was previously used at the 1998 and 2002 World Cups, with four players scoring a decisive winner, including France’s Laurent Blanc.England players famously went out of the 2006 World Cup in a penalty shootout against GermanyPenalty shoot-out rules at the World CupIf the game remains level after 120 minutes, it will inevitably proceed to a penalty shootout, a system first introduced at the 1978 World Cup.Two separate coin tosses are required to decide who shoots first and which end of the stadium the kicks will be held at.A penalty shootout consists of five spot-kicks each, with the two teams alternating takers.Only players who stayed on the pitch and were not substituted are allowed to take part.Every single player must take a penalty, including both goalkeepers, before anyone can take a second.If a winner has not emerged after the initial five penalties, the shootout turns into sudden-death.Netherlands followed Germany out in the Round of 32GettyThere are no rebounds allowed, meaning players can’t follow up their effort once it’s saved, and the goalkeeper cannot be off his line prior to the penalty being struck.Croatia fell victim to this rule after Dominik Livakovic was penalised for moving too early, allowing Harry Kane to retake his saved penalty.England historically hold a poor record for penalty shootouts on the international stage, only winning one against Colombia in 2018.The emotions of penaltiesAfter the Dutch elimination from the competition, there were varied reactions.Former Sweden striker Zlatan Ibrahimovic responded: “This is on [Ronald] Koeman because I didn’t recognise this Dutch team, and he lost with an identity that is not the Dutch identity, and that makes me angry.”Thierry Henry also agreed with his fellow pundit on Fox’s coverage, noting that the former Premier League manager ‘tried to not lose the game rather than win’.Koeman defended his defensive approach after his side were beaten on penalties by MoroccoGettyMeanwhile, Koeman backed his tactics and said: “If I had to do it again, I would do it the same way.“When you are the Dutch head coach, when the equaliser is scored, I am going to be scolded by the fact I had five defenders. But I believe that to be necessary. I discussed it with the team, and they also felt that way.”Emotions always run high when a side is beaten on penalties, as seen with Julian Nagelsmann‘s side in Boston on Monday night.This sparked widespread media coverage with German outlet Bild reacting: “Disastrous performance … In their first World Cup knockout match since winning the title in 2014.“Julian Nagelsmann’s team delivered a truly awful performance for much of the game. Slow. Boring. Lethargic. It’s another German football nightmare!”Even other countries were shocked by the results. The Italians congratulated the South Americans, while the French labelled it the ‘biggest shock of the World Cup so far!’