CHOE SANG-HUN2026年9月18日上周，朝鲜在首都平壤举行阅兵式，庆祝建国78周年。无论是在经济上还是外交上，该国目前都处于有史以来最有强大的时刻之一。 Kim Won Jin/Agence France-Presse — Getty ImagesHis nation is now a de facto nuclear power. Its economy is growing at the fastest pace in years. He has been courted by the leaders of China, Russia and the United States.他的国家如今已是事实上的拥核国。经济正以多年来最快速度增长。中国、俄罗斯和美国的领导人都纷纷向他示好。Kim Jong-un, the North Korean dictator, has emerged as an unlikely winner of the post-pandemic era. And his newfound strength rests on the systematic exploitation of his own people, which is actively facilitated by Moscow and Beijing.朝鲜独裁者金正恩已成为后疫情时代一个出人意料的赢家。而他新获得的实力建立在对本国人民的系统性剥削之上，莫斯科和北京则积极为此提供便利。By supplying troops and ammunition for Russia’s war in Ukraine, Mr. Kim is estimated to be reaping billions of dollars. Russia is repaying Pyongyang in advanced military technology and critical commodities like flour, pork and oil — goods his regime can then resell at home for profit.据估计，通过向俄罗斯在乌克兰的战争提供兵力和弹药，金正恩获得了数十亿美元的收益。俄罗斯以先进的军事技术以及面粉、猪肉和石油等重要物资作为回报，金正恩政权随后可以将这些物资在国内转售获利。But the human cost is staggering, for North Koreans at home and abroad.然而，无论对国内还是国外的朝鲜人来说，生命代价都触目惊心。Thousands of North Korean soldiers have been killed or wounded on faraway battlefields.数千名朝鲜士兵在遥远的战场上阵亡或受伤。“I tremble as I await the daily reports, wondering how many soldiers were lost, whether they suffered reckless losses in the pursuit of bravery, whether they succumbed to fear or fell captive to the enemy,” one young North Korean platoon leader wrote in his diary before he, too, died in combat.“我在等待每天的报告时浑身颤抖，不知道又有多少士兵阵亡，不知道他们是不是为了逞勇而遭受了不必要的惨重损失，不知道他们是因为恐惧而倒下，还是落入了敌军之手，”一名年轻的朝鲜排长在日记中写道。不久之后，他也战死了。Thousands more North Koreans toil behind the front lines, working in military drone factories, repairing war-damaged cities and building apartments across Russia to meet revenue quotas set by Mr. Kim’s government. With Moscow looking the other way to evade sanctions, many enter Russia on student visas but never see a classroom — instead sleeping in shipping containers and enduring 14-hour shifts with hardly any days off.还有数千名朝鲜人在前线后方劳作，在军用无人机工厂工作，修复被战争摧毁的城市，在俄罗斯各地建造公寓，以完成金正恩政府规定的创汇指标。在莫斯科当局为了规避制裁而睁一只眼闭一只眼的情况下，许多人持学生签证进入俄罗斯却从未走进过教室，而是睡在集装箱里，每天工作14个小时，几乎没有休息日。Closer to home, China is openly importing North Korean coal in violation of United Nations sanctions, satellite imagery indicates. Defectors say the commodity is mined by workers trapped in forced labor in central and northern North Korea.在离朝鲜更近的地方，卫星图像显示，中国公然违反联合国制裁进口朝鲜煤炭。脱北者说，这些煤炭是由困在朝鲜中部和北部进行强迫劳动的工人所开采。Even North Korea’s biggest official export — hair products like wigs and false eyelashes, which are not subject to U.N. penalties — has brutal origins. Much of that merchandise is produced in labor camps, where inmates are forced to meet daily quotas and, survivors say, risk starvation if they fail. The payoff for Pyongyang was $188 million in sales to China in 2024 alone, according to Chinese customs data.就连朝鲜最大的官方出口品——假发和假睫毛等不受联合国制裁的发制品——也有着残酷的生产背景。大量此类商品产自劳改营，囚犯被迫完成每日定额，幸存者说，完不成任务就有挨饿的风险。根据中国海关数据，仅2024年，平壤通过对华销售这类产品获得1.88亿美元。朝鲜领导人金正恩去年在北京。中国、俄罗斯和美国的领导人纷纷向他示好。On paper, North Korea is a socialist state, with free provisions for citizens. In reality, it is a regime of quotas, in which everyone must contribute to a shadow economy that sustains Mr. Kim’s extravagant lifestyle and military ambitions — lavish dinners, armored cars, luxury yachts, seaside resorts and nuclear missiles.纸面上，朝鲜是一个社会主义国家，公民享有免费供给。但实际上，这个国家实行的是一种“定额制”体制，每个人都必须为一个支撑金正恩奢靡生活和军事野心的地下经济体系作出贡献——从奢华晚宴、防弹车、豪华游艇、海滨度假村到核弹。“North Korea claims to be a tax-free country where everything is free,” said Ryu Hyeon-woo, who was its acting ambassador to Kuwait when he defected. “In reality, its system survives by milking its people.”“朝鲜自称为没有税收的国家，什么东西都是免费的，”柳贤雨说。他曾任朝鲜驻科威特代理大使，后来叛逃。“实际上，这套制度靠榨取本国人民来维持。”North Korea’s economy has grown more than 3 percent in each of the past three years, according to South Korea’s central bank, a drastic reversal from its pandemic-era contraction. To uncover the methods driving this turnaround, The New York Times spoke with dozens of North Korean defectors, human rights investigators and geopolitical analysts.根据韩国央行数据，朝鲜经济在过去三年每年增长超过3%。这与疫情时期的萎缩形成了剧烈反差。为了探究这一转变背后的原因，《纽约时报》采访了数十位朝鲜脱北者、人权调查员和地缘政治分析人士。The Wig Makers假发工人白惠玉（音）曾是朝鲜一座劳改营的囚犯，参与生产假发和假睫毛等发制品，而这些是朝鲜最大的官方出口品。她最终脱北到了韩国，现居首尔。The first thing that Baek Hye-ok said she noticed at the Chongori labor camp in northeast North Korea was the smell.白惠玉（音）说，她在朝鲜东北部转车里劳改营注意到的第一件事，就是气味。A cell no larger than a two-car garage held more than 100 women. Wardens, unable to bear the stench of unwashed bodies, ordered inmates to kneel 10 feet away when summoned. Bedbugs dropped into bowls of gruel.一个不比双车位车库大的牢房里，关押着100多名女性。看守无法忍受不洗澡的身体发出的恶臭，于是在传唤囚犯时要求她们跪在三米多开外。臭虫会掉进盛着稀粥的碗里。“You didn’t spit it out because your life depended on it,” Ms. Baek recalled years later in Seoul. “You never forget the stomach-churning smell when a bedbug bursts between your teeth.”“你不会把它吐出来，因为你活命得靠它，”多年后，白女士在首尔回忆道。“臭虫在你齿间爆开时，那种令人作呕的气味，你永远都忘不了。”Work began at dawn. Young women with sharp eyesight stitched wigs and false eyelashes. Trucks delivered raw materials labeled in Chinese and departed with finished goods. Prison officials told inmates that the shipments went to China through the nearby city of Rason, Ms. Baek said.工作从黎明开始。视力好的年轻女性缝制假发和假睫毛。卡车运来标有中文的原材料，再载着成品离开。白女士说，监狱官员告诉囚犯，货物经由附近的罗先市运往中国。“Your life depended on meeting your quota,” she said. “Fail, and you were beaten and your ration cut.”“你的命取决于能不能完成任务，”她说。“完不成，就会挨打，口粮也会被削减。”李英珠（音）也曾被关押在朝鲜转车里劳改营，如今她在首尔当护士。During separate interviews, Ms. Baek and Lee Young-ju, another former inmate who defected and now lives in Seoul, said that roughly one in every 10 inmates died each year. They were quickly replaced by new arrivals — many of whom had been caught foraging for food across the border in China because they did not have enough to eat at home. Others were being punished for watching smuggled South Korean dramas. Some inmates were so desperate that they ate maggots from corpses. Ms. Lee spent three years at the labor camp while Ms. Baek put in two years over two stints.在分别接受采访时，白女士和另一名曾关押在该劳改营、后来脱北并居住在首尔的李英珠（音）都说，那里每年大约有十分之一的囚犯死亡。她们很快便会被新来的囚犯取代，其中许多人是因为吃不饱越境到中国寻找食物时被抓。还有一些人因为看走私的韩剧而受罚。有些囚犯绝望到了会吃尸体上蛆虫的地步。李女士在该劳改营里待了三年，白女士则前后两次共服刑两年。“The place was a living hell,” Ms. Lee said.“那地方就是活地狱，”李女士说。The Elites精英阶层柳贤雨脱北前是朝鲜驻科威特代理大使。他说，朝鲜政府“靠榨取本国人民来维持”。Few can escape quotas, defectors say.脱北者说，很少有人能免于各种定额指标。Villagers scour hills for berries bound for China. Schoolchildren supply rabbit hides for soldiers’ gloves. Tractor plants run dual lines: farm machinery on one, tanks on the other. Elites fund gold-plated statues of Mr. Kim’s father and grandfather, and maintain the Pyongyang mausoleum where their embalmed bodies lie. The 1.3-million-strong army — the world’s fourth largest — doubles as a free work force, dispatched to construction sites.村民们搜遍山坡，寻找运往中国的浆果。学童提供兔皮用于制作士兵的手套。拖拉机厂实行“两条生产线”：一条生产农业机械，另一条生产坦克。精英阶层出资建造镀金的金正恩父亲和祖父的雕像，并负责维护平壤那座安放着两人遗体的陵墓。130万人组成的朝鲜军队是世界第四大军队，同时也充当一支免费的劳动力大军，被派往建筑工地。The scramble for revenue extends abroad.创收的触角还伸向了海外。Diplomats smuggle Cuban cigars and African rhino horns inside diplomatic pouches to raise “loyalty funds” for Mr. Kim, or to feed his family’s taste for Russian king crab, Arabian sweets and gold-tipped Montblanc pens, said Mr. Ryu, a son-in-law of the former head of the ruling Workers’ Party’s Bureau 39, which manages Mr. Kim’s secret funds.柳贤雨说，外交官在外交邮袋中走私古巴雪茄和非洲犀牛角，为金正恩筹集“忠诚基金”，或满足其家族对俄罗斯帝王蟹、阿拉伯甜点和万宝龙金尖钢笔的喜好。柳贤雨是执政的朝鲜劳动党39号室前负责人的女婿，该机构负责管理金正恩的秘密资金。Even the General Bureau of Reconnaissance — North Korea’s main intelligence agency — moonlights as a business. At one point, it ran restaurants and a squad of 19 hackers and IT workers out of the United Arab Emirates, Mr. Ryu said. They stole cryptocurrency or used stolen identities to take freelance coding jobs.就连朝鲜主要的情报机构侦察总局也兼职经商。柳贤雨说，它曾在阿联酋经营餐厅，并派出一支由19名黑客和IT人员组成的小组。他们盗取加密货币，或者冒用他人身份从事自由职业编程工作。Pyongyang selects young students gifted in math and science, training them from an early age to become software engineers or hackers. It later deploys them to China, Russia and the Middle East, where they help fill the regime’s coffers while living in dormitories and being monitored by secret police. In the first four months of this year alone, they accounted for 76 percent of all cryptocurrency stolen worldwide, according to TRM Labs, an analytics company.平壤会挑选在数学和科学方面有天赋的年轻学生，从小训练他们成为软件工程师或黑客。随后将他们派往中国、俄罗斯和中东，让他们住在宿舍里，接受秘密警察的监视，同时为政权赚取资金。分析公司TRM Labs称，仅今年前四个月，他们窃取的加密货币就占全球被盗加密货币总额的76%。Mr. Ryu said a North Korean banking operative named Sim Hyon Sop had been central to laundering the earnings of these workers in the Middle East. The U.A.E.-based money-laundering network run by Mr. Sim and his Chinese partners has also been cited in U.S. court documents and a Treasury Department sanctions report.柳贤雨说，一名名叫沈贤燮（音）的朝鲜银行系统工作人员在洗白这些中东工人的收入方面发挥了核心作用。由沈贤燮及其中国合作伙伴在阿联酋运营的洗钱网络也曾出现在美国法庭文件和美国财政部的一份制裁报告中。The Miners矿工孙明花的父亲因在朝鲜矿井工作患上肺病去世。Son Myong-hwa’s father labored underground in iron ore mines until lung disease claimed his life at 59. He spent days on end in the suffocating darkness of the pit, especially when the authorities raised production quotas. When Ms. Son arrived with lunchboxes, he and his co-workers were so caked in dust that “only their eyes and teeth flashed white when they smiled,” she said.孙明花（音）的父亲曾在铁矿井下工作，直到59岁因肺病去世。他常常一连数日待在令人窒息的黑暗矿井里，尤其是在当局提高生产任务的时候。孙女士送饭盒到矿井时，她父亲和工友们满身灰尘，“笑起来时，只有眼睛和牙齿闪着白光”，她说。Mines serve as a dumping ground for those deemed lowest-class, including South Korean prisoners of war from the 1950s and their descendants — among them Ms. Son’s father and siblings.矿井被用来安置那些被划为最低等阶层的人，其中包括50年代的韩国战俘及其后代——孙明花的父亲和兄弟姐妹就属于这一类。Jeong Sun-nam, whose father and siblings worked mostly in iron ore mines, said her father survived three underground explosion accidents. When blasts shattered the shafts, she recalled, the miners’ wives clawed at the rubble with bare hands until their fingers bled.郑顺男（音）的父亲和兄弟姐妹大多在铁矿工作。她说，父亲曾三次从井下爆炸事故中幸存下来。她回忆说，当爆炸震塌矿井巷道时，矿工的妻子们徒手扒开碎石，直到手指鲜血淋漓。“Minerals from North Korea are stained with blood,” said Ms. Jeong, who, like Ms. Son, managed to defect to South Korea.“朝鲜的矿产沾满鲜血，”郑顺男说。和孙明花一样，她最终成功逃往韩国。郑顺南（音）说，她的父亲曾三次从井下爆炸事故中幸存下来。“朝鲜的矿产沾满鲜血，”她说。Coal and iron-ore exports have long been an economic lifeline, though U.N. sanctions began squeezing the trade about a decade ago. Yet, smuggling has thrived, with ships cutting their tracking transponders and swapping illicit cargo in the open ocean. Satellite imagery analyzed last year by the London-based Open Source Center identified six repeat offenders ferrying North Korean coal and iron ore to Chinese ports.煤炭和铁矿石出口长期以来一直是朝鲜经济的重要支柱，尽管约10年前，联合国制裁开始压缩这项贸易的空间。但走私依然猖獗，船只关闭追踪应答器，在公海上转运非法货物。总部位于伦敦的开源情报中心去年对卫星图像进行分析后发现，有六艘屡次违规的船只在将朝鲜煤炭和铁矿石运往中国港口。Now even the pretense of secrecy is vanishing, especially after Russia and China dismantled in 2024 the U.N. panel monitoring sanctions enforcement.如今更是连装都不装了，尤其是在俄罗斯和中国于2024年解散了监督制裁执行情况的联合国专家小组之后。A July report by the Citizens’ Alliance for North Korean Human Rights, a nonprofit based in Seoul, found that visits by large cargo ships to Nampo, North Korea’s primary coal and oil terminal, had surged fivefold since 2019. Blacklisted vessels no longer hide in the shadows — instead, the report said, they dock “openly” at Chinese terminals.首尔非营利组织“北韩人权公民联盟”7月的一份报告发现，自2019年以来，停靠朝鲜主要煤炭和石油码头南浦的大型货船数量激增至5倍。报告称，列入黑名单的船只不再躲躲藏藏，而是“公开”停靠中国港口。The ‘Students’“学生”李恩平（音）曾在朝鲜军队服役，后来被派往俄罗斯工作。名义上，他被安排进入了一所大学就读。Lee Eun-pyong was a sergeant in North Korea’s 131st Guidance Bureau — the agency responsible for construction, security and uranium mining for North Korea’s nuclear program. In 2017 he was ordered to go to Russia and earn money for the regime. He said he and 33 of his comrades were heralded as “forefront warriors of the country’s nuclear power buildup.”李恩平（音）曾是朝鲜第131指导局的一名中士，该机构负责朝鲜核计划的建设、安全和铀矿开采。2017年，他奉命前往俄罗斯为政权赚取资金。他说，他和33名同志被誉为“国家核力量建设的先锋战士”。Their days in Moscow began at 7 a.m. and stretched past midnight, he said. The men slept on the dusty floors of unfinished buildings or crammed into shipping containers, chasing a mandatory monthly income quota of $600. On paper, he was enrolled at the European Institute Justo, a university in Moscow, but he was put to work laying bricks, making concrete slabs and plastering walls.他说，他们在莫斯科的日子从早上7点开始，一直持续到午夜之后。这些人睡在未完工建筑布满灰尘的地板上，或挤在集装箱里，为了完成每月600美元的强制性收入任务而忙碌。名义上，他在莫斯科的欧洲胡斯托学院注册，但实际上被安排去砌砖、制作混凝土板和粉刷墙壁。“We didn’t even know where the school was,” he recalled, after defecting to South Korea.“我们甚至不知道那个学校在哪里，”他脱北到韩国后回忆说。Under Mr. Kim, exporting laborers has become nearly every state agency’s side hustle. An estimated 100,000 North Korean workers remain in China, defying a 2019 U.N. repatriation deadline. Russia issued more than 36,000 entry visas to North Koreans last year — a fourfold jump from 2024 — nearly all for education, according to Russian government data. The Citizens’ Alliance and the Database Center for North Korean Human Rights, another nonprofit in Seoul, say that Pyongyang conspired with Russian schools like Sodeistvie College in Moscow to disguise workers’ labor in construction sites and sewing and meat-processing factories as “internships” and their wages as “scholarships.”在金正恩治下，输出劳工几乎成为每个国家机构的副业。据估计，仍有10万名朝鲜工人留在中国，无视联合国2019年设定的遣返期限。俄罗斯政府数据显示，俄罗斯去年向朝鲜人发放了超过3.6万份入境签证，比2024年增长四倍，几乎全部是教育类签证。北韩人权公民联盟和首尔另一家非营利组织北韩人权数据库中心称，平壤与莫斯科的索德斯特维耶学院等俄罗斯学校合谋，将工人在建筑工地、缝纫厂和肉类加工厂的劳动伪装成“实习”，将工资伪装成“奖学金”。The Migrant Workers移民工人一名仅愿透露自己姓韩的朝鲜劳工表示，在俄朝鲜劳工曾被勒令在疫情期间继续工作。他后来也叛逃到了韩国。Today, Russian staffing agencies openly advertise North Korean workers for long shifts at textile mills, restaurants and farms. Job postings actively seek Korean interpreters. One Russian mayor said that demand for North Korean laborers — who “work like robots”— was so high that his city couldn’t afford them as street sweepers.如今，俄罗斯的人力资源机构公开招聘朝鲜劳工，让他们在纺织厂、餐馆和农场从事长时间轮班工作。招聘启事中还积极寻求朝鲜语翻译。一名俄罗斯市长说，朝鲜劳动力“像机器人一样工作”，对他们的需求如此之高，以至于他的城市甚至负担不起雇佣他们担任街道清扫工的费用。“We guarantee discipline: Employees work strictly according to the schedule, without smoke breaks or absences,” one staffing agency’s pitch reads. Another Moscow-area listing offered 40 North Korean women for hire, insisting that any future employer house them together — a condition their North Korean supervisors demand to prevent defections.“我们保证纪律：员工严格按照时间表工作，不抽烟休息，不缺勤，”一家劳务机构的宣传文案写道。莫斯科地区另一则招聘信息提供40名朝鲜女性劳工，并坚持要求雇主将她们集中安置——这是朝鲜监管人员为防止人员逃亡而提出的条件。An investigation by the Dutch nonprofit Global Rights Compliance found that North Korean workers in Russia average 14-hour days, with some receiving only two days off a year. They live under the suffocating watch of security officers sent from Pyongyang. Three former workers, interviewed separately by The Times, recalled that the deepest sting was watching co-workers from Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan and Armenia call their families freely while they could not.荷兰非营利组织“全球权利合规”的一项调查发现，在俄罗斯的朝鲜工人平均每天工作14小时，有些人一年只有两天休息日。他们生活在平壤派出的安全人员令人窒息的监视下。《纽约时报》分别采访的三名前工人回忆说，最令他们感到痛苦的是看着来自乌兹别克斯坦、吉尔吉斯斯坦和亚美尼亚的同事可以自由地给家人打电话，他们却不能。To survive, the North Koreans dug through dumpsters for discarded clothes, they said. When one worker was sent home, others pressed letters into his hands for their families, with whatever money they had saved — usually a $20 bill — tucked inside. (The U.S. dollar is the most coveted currency in North Korea.)他们说，为了生存，朝鲜人翻垃圾箱找丢弃的衣服。当一名工人被送回国时，其他人把写给家人的信塞进他手里，里面夹着他们攒下的钱——通常是一张20美元钞票。（美元是朝鲜境内最受追捧的货币。）During the pandemic, Pyongyang raised quotas and ordered laborers in Russia to keep working, citing the state’s own economic strain, according to a North Korean worker who fled Russia for South Korea in 2022. One man, he said, was escorted outside his work sites exactly once in five years — to buy gifts for his family the day before he finally went home.一名2022年从俄罗斯逃到韩国的朝鲜工人说，在疫情期间，平壤以国家自身经济压力为由，提高了生产任务，命令在俄罗斯的劳工继续工作。他说，有一名男子五年里只被带出工作地点一次——那是在他终于可以回国之前的一天，去给家人买礼物。“We were nothing but draft animals,” said the worker, who asked to be identified only by his last name, Han.“我们不过是役畜，”这名要求只透露姓韩的工人说。The Battlefield Soldiers战场士兵5月，莫斯科的一场阅兵式开始前，朝鲜士兵列队。平壤从与莫斯科的交易中获益巨大。Last year, Ukrainian troops found a dead North Korean officer in Russia’s Kursk region. Documents recovered from his body exposed the predicament facing the estimated 16,000 North Korean troops Mr. Kim has dispatched to Russia — they were, essentially, cannon fodder. South Korean intelligence estimates that as many as 2,000 have been killed.去年，乌克兰军队在俄罗斯库尔斯克地区发现一名阵亡朝鲜军官的遗体。从他身上找到的文件暴露了金正恩派往俄罗斯的约1.6万名朝鲜士兵所面临的困境——他们本质上就是炮灰。韩国情报部门估计，多达2000人已阵亡。The documents — obtained by the Human Rights Foundation, a New York-based nonprofit — listed deployment plans, instructions and battlefield experiences of North Korean troops. A two-page document noted that some North Korean troops faced “a barrage of enemy artillery fire and suicide drones swarming in like a cloud of hornets.” When soldiers fell, their comrades often rushed to rescue them, disregarding enemy fire and suffering further casualties. Russian evacuation vehicles routinely took more than 10 hours to reach the wounded.这些文件由总部位于纽约的非营利组织人权基金会获得，列出了朝鲜部队的部署计划、指示和战场经历。一份两页文件指出，一些朝鲜部队面临“敌人炮火齐射，自杀式无人机像黄蜂群一样蜂拥而至”。当士兵倒下时，战友们往往不顾敌方火力冲上去救援，导致更多伤亡。俄罗斯撤离车辆通常需要10个多小时才能到达伤员所在位置。“Because of the failure to evacuate the wounded in time,” one document stated, “combatants were sacrificed during the evacuation.”“由于未能及时撤离伤员，”一份文件写道，“战斗人员在撤离过程中牺牲。”The account stands in stark contrast to the official narrative in North Korea, which glorifies the fallen as martyrs and claims that many had chosen to detonate hand grenades rather than risk capture while wounded.这一叙述与朝鲜官方说法形成鲜明对比。官方将阵亡者歌颂为烈士，声称许多人宁可在受伤时引爆手榴弹，也不愿被俘。The diary of the fallen platoon leader revealed the human cost of that pressure. Ukrainian special forces recovered the diary from the dead soldier and shared it with the Human Rights Foundation, where it was reviewed by a staff member who was a North Korean defector. In its pages, the officer alluded to his struggle between the duty to demonstrate “unparalleled bravery in battles” for “the greatest joy and satisfaction to the homeland and the party,” and a private fear that his ambition would ultimately cost his men their lives.那名阵亡排长的日记揭示了这种压力所造成的惊人伤亡。乌克兰特种部队从这名死去的士兵身上找到日记，并与人权基金会分享，由一名脱北者工作人员审阅。在日记中，这名军官提到自己的挣扎：一方面是履行“在战场上展现无与伦比的勇气”的职责，“给祖国和党带来最大的喜悦和满足”，一方面又私下担心，自己的雄心最终会让部下丧命。In December 2024, he wrote a final prayer for his fallen comrades. That same month, he wrote to his “princess” back home, leaving behind a promise in case he did not return.2024年12月，他为阵亡战友写下最后的祈祷。同月，他写信给他远在家乡的“公主”，留下一份承诺，以防自己无法归来。If he died, he wrote, “I will become a butterfly and find you.”他写道，如果他死了，“我会化作蝴蝶，找到你。”Choe Sang-Hun是时报驻首尔首席记者，报道韩国和朝鲜新闻。翻译：纽约时报中文网点击查看本文英文版。获取更多RSS：https://feedx.net https://feedx.site