Biofilms are complex microbial communities that adhere to a surface and encase themselves in a viscous matrix they produce. This structure protects bacteria from antibiotics and the immune system far more effectively than if they lived in a free-floating state, making biofilms one of the most common causes of hard-to-treat chronic infections—such as respiratory infections in people with cystic fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), chronic wounds, or infections associated with catheters and prosthetic devices. Added to this is the global rise in antibiotic resistance, which makes it increasingly urgent to have tools capable of predicting which treatment will work in each case.