黄安伟, DUSTIN VOLZ2026年9月17日去年拍摄的一架F-35战机。沙特与美国有着数十年的军事合作历史，它迄今是美国武器和防务装备的最大买家。 Doug Mills/The New York TimesU.S. intelligence officers have expressed concerns in internal reports about possible Chinese espionage related to a pending sale of dozens of advanced F-35 fighter jets to Saudi Arabia valued at $24 billion, according to American officials.美国官员表示，情报官员在内部报告中就中国可能针对向沙特阿拉伯出售数十架先进F-35战斗机一事进行间谍活动表达了担忧。这笔待完成的军售价值240亿美元。Intelligence analysts have raised the possibility that China could acquire F-35 jet technology through spying in Saudi Arabia or through its military and security partnership with the kingdom, the U.S. officials said.这些美国官员说，情报分析人士指出，中国可能通过在沙特阿拉伯的间谍活动，或通过其与沙特的军事和安全伙伴关系获取F-35战机技术。One detailed report issued by the Pentagon’s Defense Intelligence Agency months ago discusses Chinese military access to Saudi bases and Saudi Arabia’s use of Chinese technology in its telecommunications infrastructure, an official said. It also questions whether the Americans and Saudis will be able to maintain secure sites for the F-35 technology, the official said.一名官员说，五角大楼国防情报局数月前发布了一份详细报告，讨论了中国军方进入沙特基地以及沙特在电信基础设施中使用中国技术的问题。这名官员说，报告还质疑美沙两国能否维持F-35技术所在设施的安全。That report has circulated among several administration agencies and congressional offices, as have assessments from other intelligence offices. The D.I.A. issued a more general report in the fall of 2025 on similar risks when the administration was discussing the possibility of the sales, The New York Times reported at the time.这份报告以及来自其他情报机构的评估已在几个政府机构和国会办公室之间传阅。2025年秋，在政府讨论这笔军售可能性时，国防情报局曾就类似风险发布过一份更笼统的报告，《纽约时报》当时对此进行了报道。President Trump then announced the sale the day before he hosted Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, the de facto leader of Saudi Arabia, at the White House in November.随后，特朗普总统在于11月在白宫接待沙特王储穆罕默德·本·萨勒曼的前一天宣布了这笔军售。穆罕默德·本·萨勒曼是沙特事实上的领导人。The sale is at a more advanced stage now, and the newer D.I.A. report raises sharper concerns, including technical ones. The State Department sent the proposed sales package of 48 jets and a spare engine to two congressional committees in June to get informal approval. Some lawmakers and aides have been pressing the administration on the concerns raised by the intelligence agencies.这笔军售现在已进入更深入阶段，而国防情报局较新的报告提出了更为强烈的担忧，包括技术方面的担忧。国务院已于6月将包括48架战机和一台备用发动机的拟议销售方案送交两个国会委员会，以寻求非正式批准。一些议员和国会工作人员一直就情报机构提出的担忧向政府施压。The U.S. officials spoke about the concerns among intelligence officials on the condition of anonymity because of sensitivities around espionage and military matters.由于间谍和军事事务的敏感性，这些美国官员在谈及情报官员的担忧时要求匿名。The State Department, the Pentagon and the Embassy of Saudi Arabia in Washington declined to comment. The White House and the embassy of China did not reply to requests for comment.美国国务院、五角大楼和沙特驻华盛顿大使馆拒绝置评。白宫和中国大使馆没有回应置评请求。U.S. intelligence agencies raised similar concerns internally during Mr. Trump’s first term after he agreed in 2020 to sell F-35 jets to the United Arab Emirates as part of a deal in which the Emirates would normalize relations with Israel.在特朗普第一个任期内，美国情报机构也曾在内部提出类似担忧。当时，特朗普于2020年同意向阿拉伯联合酋长国出售F-35战机，作为阿联酋与以色列关系正常化协议的一部分。It takes years to produce the jets, which are made by Lockheed Martin, and the Biden administration decided to review the sale well before production and delivery. Intelligence agencies raised the same issues at that time because the Emirates was strengthening its military, intelligence and technology ties with China. U.S. officials then ended the sales process.F-35战机由洛克希德·马丁公司生产，从生产到交付需要数年时间。因此，拜登政府在战机生产和交付之前很久就决定对这笔军售进行审查。当时，由于阿联酋正在加强与中国在军事、情报和技术领域的联系，美国情报机构也提出了同样的问题。随后，美国官员终止了这一军售进程。Prince Mohammed has been trying to build up his military. He began a disastrous seven-year war against the Houthis in Yemen, one in which Saudi-led forces killed civilians with American bombs. The Saudi military has failed to ward off attacks from Iran in the current U.S.-Israeli war against Iran, and the Saudis and the Houthis, which are supported by Iran, have begun fighting again.穆罕默德王储一直在努力提升沙特的军事实力。他曾在也门对胡塞武装发动一场灾难性的七年战争，沙特领导的部队在那场战争中使用美国炸弹杀害平民。在当前美国和以色列对伊朗发动的战争中，沙特军队也未能阻止来自伊朗的袭击，而沙特与伊朗支持的胡塞武装已重新开始交战。Prince Mohammed has long sought to buy F-35 jets from the United States, and Mr. Trump finally agreed last November. Saudi Arabia and the United States have had decades of military cooperation, and the kingdom is by far the largest buyer of American weapons and defense equipment. But Saudi Arabia buys ballistic missiles from China, and the Chinese military is helping the Saudis learn to build ballistic missiles, set up production facilities and improve missile operations.穆罕默德王储长期以来一直寻求从美国购买F-35战斗机，特朗普最终于去年11月同意了这一要求。沙特和美国已经进行了数十年的军事合作，而沙特也是美国武器和防务装备的最大买家。但沙特同时也从中国购买弹道导弹，中国军方还在帮助沙特学习制造弹道导弹、建立生产设施以及改进导弹作战能力。Democratic lawmakers sent President Joseph R. Biden Jr. a letter in June 2022 laying out their concerns over that program.民主党议员曾于2022年6月致信拜登总统，阐述他们对这一项目的担忧。The recent Pentagon intelligence report said that only Saudi and American officers and contractors should have access to sites where F-35 technology would reside, a U.S. official said. Pentagon officials are especially concerned about protecting the advanced radar and surveillance technology of the F-35.一名美国官员说，五角大楼近期的情报报告指出，能进入存放F-35技术的设施的只有只有沙特和美国的军官及承包商。五角大楼官员尤其担心如何保护F-35先进的雷达和监视技术。The intelligence analysts ask in the report whether Saudi Arabia would more broadly agree to limit contact with Chinese military and intelligence personnel and associated entities.情报分析人士在报告中质疑沙特是否会进一步同意限制与中国军事和情报人员及相关实体的接触。The report also questions whether Saudi officials would agree to remove equipment from Huawei and ZTE, two prominent Chinese technology companies, from telecommunications and router infrastructure and defense installations.报告还质疑沙特官员是否会同意将华为和中兴这两家知名中国科技公司的设备从电信和路由器基础设施以及国防设施中移除。Some Israeli officials also have concerns about the deal, as they did when Mr. Trump proposed such sales to the Emirates. Israel is the only country in the Middle East that has F-35s, which it has deployed in airstrikes against Iran in recent years. Since the 1973 Arab-Israeli war, U.S. policymakers have tried to ensure that Israel maintains its “qualitative military edge” in the region, as mandated by Congress.一些以色列官员也对这笔军售表示担忧，就像特朗普当初提议向阿联酋出售F-35时一样。以色列是中东唯一拥有F-35战斗机的国家，近年来曾使用这些战机对伊朗发动空袭。自1973年阿以战争以来，美国政策制定者一直试图确保以色列在该地区保持国会所要求的“定性军事优势”。Previous administrations ran a highly classified, monthslong process to review whether proposed weapons sales in the region would meet that requirement. The second Trump administration has continued to push through large arms sales to Israel, however, despite calls across the American political spectrum to end or severely decrease military support.历届美国政府都会通过一个高度机密、持续数月的审查程序，评估拟议中的中东地区武器销售是否符合这一要求。然而，特朗普第二届政府仍在推动向以色列大规模军售，尽管美国政治光谱的各派都有人呼吁停止或大幅减少军事支持。In several instances, Secretary of State Marco Rubio has bypassed the congressional approval process to expedite shipments of weapons to Israel, citing an emergency in the region. If congressional leaders do not give approval for the F-35 jet sales, he could decide to do the same with that.在过去的一些情况下，国务卿鲁比奥以地区紧急状态为由，绕过国会批准程序，加快向以色列运送武器。如果国会领导人不同意F-35战机销售，他可能会采取同样做法。Mr. Trump has also agreed to help Saudi Arabia build a civilian nuclear program, a project that has raised its own security concerns because Prince Mohammed has vowed to build nuclear weapons if Iran does so.特朗普还同意帮助沙特建立民用核项目。该项目本身也引发了安全担忧，因为穆罕默德王储曾誓言，如果伊朗建造核武器，沙特也会这样做。黄安伟(Edward Wong)为《纽约时报》报道全球事务、美国外交政策和国务院新闻。Dustin Volz为时报撰写网络安全和情报方面的文章，他常驻华盛顿。翻译：纽约时报中文网点击查看本文英文版。