Global trends and vaccine-associated changes in meningitis burden, 2000-2023: a multi-country ecological panel study

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Background: Meningitis remains a major cause of global morbidity and mortality. We aimed to quantify the association between vaccine introduction and meningitis-related disability-adjusted life year (DALY) rates globally and across high-burden regions from 2000 to 2023. Methods: We conducted a longitudinal panel study of 188 countries using health metrics from the Global Burden of Disease study and WHO vaccine data. We estimated associations using two-way fixed effects regression models, adjusting for GDP and healthcare access. Analyses were stratified by baseline burden and included the African meningitis belt. Findings: Globally, meningitis DALY rates declined by 4.97% per year (p