This cross sectional analytical study examined the prevalence and determinants of binge drinking (BD) among current alcohol drinkers (CAD) aged 20 years and older in Thailand (N = 52,847). Data from the Health and Welfare Surveys (HWS) were analyzed using chi square tests and multiple logistic regression. In 2013, nearly 69% of the 5,445 current drinkers reported BD. Multivariable analyses indicated significantly higher odds of BD among men (AOR = 2.25, 95% CI: 1.90-2.66; p < 0.001), younger adults (AOR range: 1.50-1.90; p < 0.001), individuals with household housing expenses (AOR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.01-1.39; p < 0.05), and those with secondary/vocational or tertiary education (AOR range: 1.35-1.36; p < 0.05). Smoking was also associated with elevated odds of BD (AOR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.23-1.62; p < 0.001). In contrast, respondents in high income groups had lower odds (AOR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.54-0.87; p < 0.01), as did residents of non metropolitan areas compared with Bangkok (AOR range: 0.44-0.59; p < 0.01). In conclusion, binge drinking affected over half of Thai drinkers and was strongly linked to demographic, socioeconomic, geographic, and behavioral factors. The frequent co-occurrence of alcohol use and smoking underscores the clustering of non-communicable disease risks, highlighting the need for integrated dual-cessation programs. While cross-sectional design and 2013 data limitations apply, these findings provide actionable evidence for public health agencies to implement targeted screening and intervention strategies for high-risk populations.