Rick and Marcia LeCompte loved to watch the Cooper’s hawks that frequented a sweetgum tree in their yard in Baton Rouge, La. But this October, the hawks were gone. Marcia LeCompte is convinced the birds were scared away by the same flying robots that have been vexing the couple since early September. The noise had them spending less time outside in their garden, and even inside their home, they couldn’t escape the near-constant buzzing. Angry and feeling harassed, the LeComptes began to think about moving.The problem: delivery drones. Amazon’s MK30 delivery drones are large and must fly near the ground when making deliveries.Annabel Lee-Ellis/Press Association/AP ImagesLast August, Amazon Prime Air began flying its MK30 drones from a distribution center 3.2 kilometers (2 miles) from the LeComptes’ home. People in the neighborhood first noticed just a few of the drones, flying high (U.S. regulations authorize drones to fly at up to 120 meters (400 feet)). But a couple of weeks later, they felt as if drones were everywhere, and often flying much lower. The high-pitched whine of rotors was what bothered them the most, says Blake Fugler, who lives in the same neighborhood. It sounded as if a neighbor was constantly using a weed whacker for hours every day, he says. Acoustic research has found that the noise of drone rotors is more annoying than cars, airplanes, and other familiar background sounds. Once flights became frequent, the noise made people miserable. “Outside the house on a Saturday between 9 and 10 a.m., I counted a drone every 48 seconds,” says Fugler’s partner, Cristina Boone.Delivery Drone ConcernsNeighbors had concerns about drones buzzing over playgrounds, schools, and services at the local cemetery; a drone that made a forced landing on the median of a busy highway; and the fact that drones are equipped with cameras. Then word spread about Amazon’s plans as reported in the FAA’s Environmental Assessment for the facility: “operations would occur between 6 a.m. and 10:30 p.m., with 100 of the 1,000 daily delivery operations (10%) occurring during the period from 6 a.m. to 7 a.m. and 10 p.m. to 10:30 p.m.” As they quickly expand their operations around the world, delivery-drone companies -- including Amazon Prime Air, Alphabet’s Wing Aviation, Zipline, Manna Aero, Doordash Air, Matternet, Meituan, JD Logistics, and more, say their flying robots are quiet, safe, and unobtrusive. Massive expansion is planned for the near future. In Asia, for example, Meituan launched its latest “low-altitude delivery network’’ in September in Shanghai, while JD continues to expand drone service in rural China. In the U.S., Zipline and Uber have announced a partnership with the goal of one million drone deliveries a day by the end of 2029. Wing aims to have 270 U.S. drone hubs operating by the end of 2027. And Amazon Prime Air, which currently delivers in about 85 municipalities in the U.S., says it plans to serve 500 by the end of 2026. A Wing “nest” of delivery drones in a parking lot.WingYet as the companies aggressively scale up, “the public outreach piece has probably been more of an afterthought than it should have been,” says David Ison, a specialist in Emerging Aviation Technologies and Land Use Compatibility at the Washington State Department of Transportation, who has worked on the state’s drone-hub land-use guidelines. “I think what companies assumed is everybody would be cheering that they could get things delivered by drone in half an hour.”Companies tout drone delivery as a way to do good. Zipline has delivered blood plasma and vaccines in Africa and material that Wing provided at public meetings in the Dallas Fort Worth area says its deliveries there have saved more than 1,000 tonnes of carbon that would have been emitted by delivery trucks. For businesses, drone delivery is supposed to offer faster service and reduce costs, although whether drones are actually less costly is a complex question that depends on a variety of interconnected factors.The commercial and philanthropic use cases make for an unusual sales pitch, notes Ison. “It’s a lot easier argument to make when you’re saying you’re delivering blood to an accident site than when you’re delivering a fidget toy.” But instead of being impressed, people troubled by drones say they feel they’re being pushed around by a distant corporation. “It’s the same way data centers strong-arm communities,” says Boone.Newly arrived drone launch sites have triggered similar fears from China to France to Australia to within many communities in the United States, including suburban Detroit, Richardson, Tx, Glendale, Ariz, East Cobb, Ga, Maplewood, Mo, and Westborough, Mass. The response has sometimes been enough to shut down local drone operations completely.An early Wing trial in 2018 in suburban Canberra, Australia, shut down a few months later, after activists formed an opposition group and rallied support in Parliament. In response, the company “fundamentally reshaped our engineering priorities, flight operations, and community engagement strategy,” says Jessie Poole-Strang, Wing’s Communications Lead. It redesigned its drones to reduce noise, changed flight path algorithms, and now makes efforts to familiarize people with its robots before a facility opens. Communities Take ActionStill, legal and political campaigns against drones continue to arise. On September 28, 15 U.S. states and Harris County Texas sued the FAA to stop it from easing its environmental assessment rules for drone sites, which are key to local government control. In April, the Cobb County Board of Commissioners in Georgia denied a zoning request for a Wing drone facility there.In response to the Cobb County complaints, a Wing spokesperson said the company was hearing “positive feedback” from people in Cobb County. Similarly, Amazon representatives have said most feedback from customers about drone delivery is “overwhelmingly positive,” and Zipline has encouraged at least one local official to refer to drone delivery as a “totally normal part of life.” Wing’s drone is smaller and lighter than some other delivery drones.WingBut fundamental concerns remain. “There are safety, noise and visual pollution issues with all these platforms,” Ison says, noting that it’s important not to lump all drone technologies together. For example, concerns about accidents are more relevant to Amazon’s MK-30 drone, which weighs almost 36 kilograms (80 pounds), than to Wing’s largest drone, which weighs less than 11 kilograms (25 pounds) with its payload included. Another safety consideration: Wing and Zipline, he notes, lower their packages to the ground via a tether, which leaves the craft higher in the air than Amazon’s, which must get low enough to drop its load without damage. And Ison expects continuing disputes about noise. This is because U.S. law is not settled on people’s rights to airspace just above their property. “Maybe someone says, ‘you can’t fly over my house. Or I want you to pay me to fly over my house,’” Ison says. “That is a murky area that is going to have to be worked out in court.” For now, in the Baton Rouge neighborhood where the LeComptes, Fugler, and Boone live, the skies have calmed. Their councilman says Amazon Prime Air has responded to the outcry by rerouting 70 percent of drone flights elsewhere, although since the drones are not allowed to fly over highways, that likely means other residential neighborhoods. As of late October, LeCompte says she is now seeing, “two or three a day” over their home, although on a trip to the bank a few miles away, she counted eight in 20 minutes. “Sorry for those folks, but I thank Amazon for clearing our sky.”