consolidate Thiele reference← Previous revisionRevision as of 01:33, 5 November 2026 Line 39: Line 39: ==Dating== ==Dating== The [[Babylonian Chronicles]], which were published by [[Donald Wiseman]] in 1956, establish that [[Nebuchadnezzar II|Nebuchadnezzar]] captured Jerusalem the first time on March 16, 597 BC.D. J. Wiseman, ''Chronicles of Chaldean Kings in the British Museum'' (London: Trustees of the British Museum, 1956) 73. Before Wiseman's publication, [[E. R. Thiele]] had determined from the biblical texts that Nebuchadnezzar's initial capture of Jerusalem occurred in the spring of 597 BC,Edwin Thiele, ''[[The Mysterious Numbers of the Hebrew Kings]]'', (1st ed.; New York: Macmillan, 1951; 2d ed.; Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1965; 3rd ed.; Grand Rapids: Zondervan/Kregel, 1983). {{ISBN|0-8254-3825-X}}, 9780825438257, 217. but other scholars, including [[William F. Albright]], more frequently dated the event to 598 BC.Kenneth Strand, "Thiele's Biblical Chronology As a Corrective for Extrabiblical Dates," ''Andrews University Seminary Studies'' 34 (1996) 310, 317. The [[Babylonian Chronicles]], which were published by [[Donald Wiseman]] in 1956, establish that [[Nebuchadnezzar II|Nebuchadnezzar]] captured Jerusalem the first time on March 16, 597 BC.D. J. Wiseman, ''Chronicles of Chaldean Kings in the British Museum'' (London: Trustees of the British Museum, 1956) 73. Before Wiseman's publication, [[E. R. Thiele]] had determined from the biblical texts that Nebuchadnezzar's initial capture of Jerusalem occurred in the spring of 597 BC,{{sfn|Thiele|1983|p=180}} but other scholars, including [[William F. Albright]], more frequently dated the event to 598 BC.Kenneth Strand, "Thiele's Biblical Chronology As a Corrective for Extrabiblical Dates," ''Andrews University Seminary Studies'' 34 (1996) 310, 317. ==Siege== ==Siege== Line 50: Line 50: Jehoiakim is thought to have died during the siege, possibly on December 10, 598 BC,{{cite journal |last=Horn|first=Siegfried H. |author-link=Siegfried Horn |title=The Babylonian Chronicle and the Ancient Calendar of the Kingdom of Judah |journal=[[Andrews University Seminary Studies]] |volume=V |issue=1 |pages=21 |date=1967|url=http://www.andrews.edu/library/car/cardigital/Periodicals/AUSS/1967-1/1967-1-02.pdf}} or during the months of [[Kislev]],{{cite journal |last=Lipschits |first=Oded |author-link=:de:Oded Lipschits |title='Jehoiakim Slept with his Fathers...' (II Kings 24:6) – Did He? |journal=[[Journal of Hebrew Scriptures]] |volume=4 |pages=23 |date=2002 |issn=1203-1542 |doi=10.5508/jhs.2002.v4.a1 |doi-access=free }} or [[Tevet]].{{cite journal |last=Green |first=Alberto R. |title=The fate of Jehoiakim |journal=[[Andrews University Seminary Studies]] |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=106 |date=1982 |format=pdf |url=http://www.auss.info/auss_publication_file.php?pub_id=646&journal=1&type=pdf |access-date=2014-12-17 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304090413/http://www.auss.info/auss_publication_file.php?pub_id=646&journal=1&type=pdf |url-status=dead }} Nebuchadnezzar pillaged the city and its [[Solomon's Temple|Temple]], and the new king [[Jeconiah]], who was either 8 or 18, and his court and other prominent citizens and craftsmen, were [[Babylonian captivity|deported to Babylon]].''The Oxford History of the Biblical World'', ed. by Michael D Coogan. Published by Oxford University Press, 1999. pg 350 The deportation occurred prior to Nisan of 597 BC, and dates in the [[Book of Ezekiel]] are counted from that event.{{cite journal|last=Young |first=Rodger C. |title=When Did Jerusalem Fall? |journal=[[Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society]] |volume=47 |issue=1 |pages=32ff |date=March 2004|url=http://www.etsjets.org/files/JETS-PDFs/47/47-1/47-1-pp021-038_JETS.pdf}} Jehoiakim is thought to have died during the siege, possibly on December 10, 598 BC,{{cite journal |last=Horn|first=Siegfried H. |author-link=Siegfried Horn |title=The Babylonian Chronicle and the Ancient Calendar of the Kingdom of Judah |journal=[[Andrews University Seminary Studies]] |volume=V |issue=1 |pages=21 |date=1967|url=http://www.andrews.edu/library/car/cardigital/Periodicals/AUSS/1967-1/1967-1-02.pdf}} or during the months of [[Kislev]],{{cite journal |last=Lipschits |first=Oded |author-link=:de:Oded Lipschits |title='Jehoiakim Slept with his Fathers...' (II Kings 24:6) – Did He? |journal=[[Journal of Hebrew Scriptures]] |volume=4 |pages=23 |date=2002 |issn=1203-1542 |doi=10.5508/jhs.2002.v4.a1 |doi-access=free }} or [[Tevet]].{{cite journal |last=Green |first=Alberto R. |title=The fate of Jehoiakim |journal=[[Andrews University Seminary Studies]] |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=106 |date=1982 |format=pdf |url=http://www.auss.info/auss_publication_file.php?pub_id=646&journal=1&type=pdf |access-date=2014-12-17 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304090413/http://www.auss.info/auss_publication_file.php?pub_id=646&journal=1&type=pdf |url-status=dead }} Nebuchadnezzar pillaged the city and its [[Solomon's Temple|Temple]], and the new king [[Jeconiah]], who was either 8 or 18, and his court and other prominent citizens and craftsmen, were [[Babylonian captivity|deported to Babylon]].''The Oxford History of the Biblical World'', ed. by Michael D Coogan. Published by Oxford University Press, 1999. pg 350 The deportation occurred prior to Nisan of 597 BC, and dates in the [[Book of Ezekiel]] are counted from that event.{{cite journal|last=Young |first=Rodger C. |title=When Did Jerusalem Fall? |journal=[[Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society]] |volume=47 |issue=1 |pages=32ff |date=March 2004|url=http://www.etsjets.org/files/JETS-PDFs/47/47-1/47-1-pp021-038_JETS.pdf}} Nebuchadnezzar installed Jeconiah's uncle, [[Zedekiah]] as puppet-king of Judah, and Jeconiah was compelled to remain in Babylon.Britannica.com, [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/656213/Zedekiah Zedekiah] The start of Zedekiah's reign has been variously dated within a few weeks before,{{cite book|last=Thompson|first=John Arthur|author-link=J. A. Thompson|year=1980|title=The Book of Jeremiah|publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing|pages=729}} or after {{cite book|last=Hayes|first=John H.|author2=Hooker, Paul K.|year=2007|title=A New Chronology for the Kings of Israel and Judah and Its Implications for Biblical History and Literature|publisher=Wipf and Stock Publishers|pages=95}}{{cite book|last=Thiele|first=Edwin R.|author-link=Edwin R. Thiele|year=1970|title=The Mysterious Numbers of the Hebrew Kings|publisher=Kregel Academic|pages=192}} the start of Nisan 597 BC. Nebuchadnezzar installed Jeconiah's uncle, [[Zedekiah]] as puppet-king of Judah, and Jeconiah was compelled to remain in Babylon.Britannica.com, [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/656213/Zedekiah Zedekiah] The start of Zedekiah's reign has been variously dated within a few weeks before,{{cite book|last=Thompson|first=John Arthur|author-link=J. A. Thompson|year=1980|title=The Book of Jeremiah|publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing|pages=729}} or after {{cite book|last=Hayes|first=John H.|author2=Hooker, Paul K.|year=2007|title=A New Chronology for the Kings of Israel and Judah and Its Implications for Biblical History and Literature|publisher=Wipf and Stock Publishers|pages=95}}{{sfn|Thiele|1983|p=192}} the start of Nisan 597 BC. The [[2 Kings|Book of Kings]] (written in the 7th and 6th centuries BC) records that 10,000 people were exiled during this time,{{Bibleverse|2 Kings|24:14}} also adding 7,000 craftsmen and 1,000 "smiths",{{Bibleverse|2 Kings|24:16}} bringing the total to 18,000.{{Citation |last=Smith-Christopher |first=D. L. |title=Reassessing the Historical and Sociological Impact of the Babylonian Exile |date=1997-01-01 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004497719_008 |work=Exile: Old Testament, Jewish, and Christian Conceptions |pages=7–21 |publisher=BRILL |doi=10.1163/9789004497719_008 |s2cid=244932444 |access-date=2022-05-24|url-access=subscription }} Comparatively, the Book of Jeremiah mentions 3,023 people taken into captivity.{{Bibleverse|Jeremiah|52:28}} Some scholars have argued whether this number includes only men. If this is true, perhaps as many as 15,000 to 30,000 Judeans were exiled. The [[2 Kings|Book of Kings]] (written in the 7th and 6th centuries BC) records that 10,000 people were exiled during this time,{{Bibleverse|2 Kings|24:14}} also adding 7,000 craftsmen and 1,000 "smiths",{{Bibleverse|2 Kings|24:16}} bringing the total to 18,000.{{Citation |last=Smith-Christopher |first=D. L. |title=Reassessing the Historical and Sociological Impact of the Babylonian Exile |date=1997-01-01 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004497719_008 |work=Exile: Old Testament, Jewish, and Christian Conceptions |pages=7–21 |publisher=BRILL |doi=10.1163/9789004497719_008 |s2cid=244932444 |access-date=2022-05-24|url-access=subscription }} Comparatively, the Book of Jeremiah mentions 3,023 people taken into captivity.{{Bibleverse|Jeremiah|52:28}} Some scholars have argued whether this number includes only men. If this is true, perhaps as many as 15,000 to 30,000 Judeans were exiled. ==References== ==Notes== {{Reflist}} {{Reflist}} ==References== * {{Thiele-Hebrew Kings}} ==External links== ==External links==