KATHARINE Q. SEELYE2026年9月4日Gloria Steinem, the feminist crusader who galvanized the modern women’s movement, helping millions of women develop a sense of self-worth and gain a measure of equality, died Wednesday at her home in New York City. She was 92.推动现代女性运动蓬勃发展的女权主义斗士格洛丽亚·斯泰纳姆于周三在纽约市的家中去世，享年92岁。她帮助数以百万计的女性建立自我价值感，并在争取性别平等方面取得了一定程度的进展。For more than half a century, Steinem personified the women’s movement and became its most enduring symbol; her tinted aviator glasses and curtain of streaked-blond hair parted in the center made her one of the most recognizable women in the world.半个多世纪以来，斯泰纳姆一直是女性运动的化身，并成为其最持久的象征；茶色飞行员眼镜和中分挑染金色长发使她成为世界上最具辨识度的女性之一。She was an unlikely revolutionary. Growing up a transient in the Midwest, she was 10 when her parents divorced and she was left to care for her mentally anguished mother. She had scant formal education until sixth grade.她并不是那种人们想象中的革命者。小时候，她在美国中西部过着四处迁徙、居无定所的生活，10岁时父母离异，照料精神备受折磨的母亲成了她的责任。直到六年级之前，她几乎没有接受过正规教育。But she read voraciously, graduated from college with honors and believed fiercely that women should be able to live whatever life they chose.但她博览群书，以优异成绩从大学毕业，并坚信女性应该有权选择自己想要的生活。Her own feminist awakening didn’t come until her mid-30s, when, as a journalist in 1969, she attended a “speak out” of women discussing their illegal abortions.她自己直到35岁左右才迎来女权意识的觉醒——那是1969年，作为一名记者，她参加了一场由女性公开谈论自己非法堕胎经历的“发声会”。She led protests and consciousness-raising sessions, wrote essays and delivered speeches, delved into political organizing, helped establish rape crisis centers and shelters for battered women, founded numerous groups that promoted women and raised money for their causes.她领导抗议活动，主持提高女性自我意识的讨论会，撰写文章、发表演讲，投身政治组织工作；她帮助建立为强奸受害者提供援助的危机中心和为遭受家庭暴力的女性提供庇护的收容所；她还创立了许多倡导女性权益并为相关事业筹措资金的团体。And she and a cadre of feminists had the audacity to start a publication that flew in the face of traditional women’s magazines. The first glossy national periodical to be created, owned and run entirely by women, Ms. magazine, founded in 1971, sought to channel a rising sense of female empowerment and eradicate sexist assumptions that permeated the culture.她和一群女性主义者甚至大胆创办了一本与传统女性杂志背道而驰的刊物。1971年创立的《女士》(Ms.)杂志是全美第一本由女性创办、拥有和运营的铜版纸杂志，旨在引导日益高涨的女性赋权意识，消除渗透在文化中的性别歧视观念。“When we started, there was not even a term for sexual harassment,” Steinem often said. “It was just called life.”“我们刚开始的时候，甚至还没有‘性骚扰’这个词，”斯泰纳姆常说，“那时候它就被叫作生活。”Indefatigable, she wrote essays and lectured into her 90s. She was the author of nearly a dozen major nonfiction books; her latest, “An Unexpected Life,” is scheduled for publication this month.她精力过人，年过九旬仍在撰写文章和发表演讲。她著有十几部重要的非虚构作品；最新一部《意想不到的人生》(An Unexpected Life)定于本月出版。1972年的斯泰纳姆。 那一年，《女士》杂志开始定期出版。它是第一份完全由女性创办、拥有和运营的铜版纸杂志。 Michel Maurou/WWD — Penske Media, via Getty ImagesSteinem defied the stereotype of “women’s libbers” as sexless, humorless and dateless. She led a glittering social life and enjoyed relationships with many high-voltage men, including director Mike Nichols and real estate and publishing mogul Mort Zuckerman. She called Franklin A. Thomas, the pathbreaking president of the Ford Foundation, the love of her life.斯泰纳姆打破了人们对“妇女解放运动支持者”的刻板印象——认为她们缺乏性感、没有幽默感、没有约会对象。她拥有光彩夺目的社交生活，与许多魅力四射的男性有过恋情，其中包括导演迈克·尼科尔斯和房地产及出版业大亨莫特·祖克曼。她称福特基金会具有开创性的主席富兰克林·托马斯是“一生的挚爱”。But she spurned marriage (mostly) and remained child free, a choice she said she never regretted.但她拒绝婚姻（大部分时间里），并且没有子女，她说自己从未后悔这一选择。Her lifestyle and unapologetic beliefs made her a lightning rod, adored (though not always) by liberals, demonized (always) by conservatives.她的生活方式和毫不妥协的信念使她备受争议，自由派对她爱戴有加（尽管并非总是如此），保守派（始终如一）对其妖魔化。While the male-dominated news media all but anointed Steinem as the feminist movement’s spokeswoman (to the annoyance of its many other leaders and of the decidedly anti-hierarchical Steinem herself), it simultaneously patronized and marginalized her as a rebel with a pretty face.虽然由男性主导的新闻界几乎一致把斯泰纳姆奉为女性主义运动的发言人（这既让运动中的其他许多领袖感到不满，也让极力反对等级制度的斯泰纳姆本人颇为恼火），与此同时，媒体又以一种居高临下的态度将其边缘化，把她视为有着一张漂亮面孔的叛逆者。Steinem, who grew up in the Midwest, began her career in New York as a freelance writer in 1960. When she was first job-hunting in New York, an editor at Life turned her away. “We need a reporter,” he told her, “not a pretty girl.”在中西部长大的斯泰纳姆于1960年在纽约开始了自由撰稿人的职业生涯。当她最初在纽约找工作时，《生活》(Life)杂志的一位编辑拒绝了她。“我们需要的是记者，"他告诉她，"不是漂亮姑娘。”She broke through with a witty exposé, “A Bunny’s Tale,” for Show magazine in 1963. Squeezing into a too-small corset, she worked undercover as a cotton-tailed server at the Playboy Club in New York. Her article was praised for revealing the degrading work conditions in that male-fantasy cocoon. But she regretted writing it, for a time anyway, because some used it to dismiss her as frivolous.1963年，她凭借为《秀》(Show)杂志撰写的一篇机智诙谐的调查报道《兔女郎的故事》(A Bunny’s Tale)打响了名声。她穿上过小的紧身胸衣，在纽约的花花公子俱乐部卧底当兔女郎服务员。她的文章因揭露那个男性幻想茧房中令人屈辱的工作条件而受到赞誉。但她一度后悔写了这篇文章，因为有人借此将她贬低为轻浮肤浅之人。By 1968, she had become a co-founder of New York magazine. Writing a monthly political column, “The City Politic,” she found her voice.到1968年，她已成为《纽约》(New York)杂志的联合创始人。通过撰写每月一期政治专栏《城市政治》(The City Politic)，她找到了自己的声音。Her column led to political advocacy. She marched with Cesar Chavez, the head of the United Farm Workers, who was revered until reports emerged this year that he had sexually abused girls and women. She served as treasurer of the legal defense fund for Angela Davis, the revolutionary Black feminist who was in prison awaiting trial for murder, and was later acquitted. Steinem supported Norman Mailer in his losing campaign for mayor of New York in 1969.她的专栏最终引领她走上政治倡导之路。她曾与美国农场工人联合会领袖塞萨尔·查韦斯一起参加游行。查韦斯曾备受尊敬，但今年有报道曝出他曾性侵女性。她还曾担任安吉拉·戴维斯法律辩护基金的财务主管。戴维斯是一位激进的黑人女性主义者，当时因谋杀罪被关押候审，后来被判无罪。1969年，斯泰纳姆支持诺曼·梅勒竞选纽约市市长，但他最终落败。斯泰纳姆打破了女权主义者“缺乏性感、没有约会对象”的刻板印象。 她曾与房地产和出版业大亨莫特·祖克曼等魅力四射的男性交往。 Ron Galella Collection, via Getty ImagesShe was jolted into feminism that year when she reported on a group of women in Greenwich Village discussing their illegal abortions. Angered that they had been made to feel like criminals, Steinem, who had had a secret abortion in England in 1957, wrote her first openly feminist essay, titled “After Black Power, Women’s Liberation.”也是在那一年，当她报道格林威治村一群女性讨论她们的非法堕胎经历时，她深受触动，从而投身女权主义。她对这些女性被当作罪犯对待感到愤怒。斯泰纳姆本人1957年曾在英国秘密接受堕胎手术，此后她写下了第一篇公开表达女性主义立场的文章，题为《继黑人权力之后：妇女解放》(After Black Power, Women’s Liberation)。Her essay appeared just as the women’s movement, sparked by Betty Friedan’s “The Feminine Mystique” (1963), was gaining steam.她的文章发表之时，由贝蒂·弗里丹的《女性的奥秘》（The Feminine Mystique，1963年）所引发的女性运动正声势日盛。In 1971, a powerhouse group of feminists — Friedan, Steinem, Reps. Bella Abzug and Shirley Chisholm, both Democrats from New York, and others, including Jill Ruckelshaus, a prominent Republican activist — founded the National Women’s Political Caucus to advance the Equal Rights Amendment and elect women to public office.1971年，一个强大的女性主义团体——包括弗里丹、斯泰纳姆、纽约州民主党众议员贝拉·阿布祖格和雪莉·奇泽姆，以及著名共和党活动家吉尔·拉克尔绍斯等人——创立了全国女性政治核心小组，旨在推动平等权利修正案，并推选女性担任公职。The first issue of Ms. was published in December 1971 and ran as an insert in the year-end issue of New York, thanks to editor Clay Felker, who financed and promoted it. The first full stand-alone issue came out in January 1972, again with Felker’s backing.1971年12月，《女士》杂志创刊，作为《纽约》杂志年终刊的插页发行，这要感谢编辑克莱·费尔克的资助和推广。1972年1月，在费尔克的再次支持下，首个独立发行的完整版面世。The magazine attracted prominent writers, including Alice Walker, Adrienne Rich, Toni Morrison and Vivian Gornick. It covered a range of topics, including sisterhood, gender-neutral child rearing, battered wives and maternity leave. It rated political candidates by their stands on issues that were important to women.这本杂志吸引了许多知名作家，包括艾丽斯·沃克、艾德里安娜·里奇、托妮·莫里森和薇薇安·戈尼克。它关注的议题十分广泛，包括女性之间的姐妹情谊、性别中立的育儿方式、遭受家庭暴力的妻子以及产假等。它还根据政治候选人在女性关心的问题上的立场对他们进行评级。For a time, Ms. thrived. But the expanding women’s movement splintered into factions and faced backlashes. Schisms divided the magazine, too. More radical women and some women of color found the magazine wishy-washy and not inclusive enough.有一段时间，《Ms.》发展得相当不错。但不断壮大的女性运动逐渐分裂成不同派别，也遭遇了来自社会的反弹。杂志内部同样出现分歧。一些更加激进的女性主义者以及一些有色人种女性认为这本杂志立场过于温吞，而且包容性不够。Gloria Marie Steinem was born in Toledo, Ohio, on March 25, 1934, the daughter of Leo and Ruth (Nuneviller) Steinem. Her father, whom she adored, was a peripatetic antiques dealer, a big dreamer with no money.格洛丽亚·玛丽·斯泰纳姆于1934年3月25日出生在俄亥俄州托莱多，是利奥·斯泰纳姆和露丝·努内维勒的女儿。她的父亲（她深爱着他）是个四处奔波的古董商，是个充满梦想却身无分文的人。For years, the family spent summers in rural southern Michigan. When fall came, they traveled to warmer climes in a house trailer. Steinem grew up an itinerant with no full year of formal schooling until sixth grade. She said she learned to read from road signs along the highway and buried herself in books.多年来，一家人每年夏天都住在密歇根州南部的乡间。到了秋天，他们便拖着房车一路前往气候更温暖的地方。斯泰纳姆从小过着漂泊不定的生活，直到六年级才第一次完整地上满一整年的正规学校教育。她说，自己是通过公路上的路牌学会阅读的，后来一头扎进了书堆里。Her mother had been one of the first female reporters and editors at The Blade of Toledo. She had a nervous breakdown, became addicted to a sedative and spent two years in a sanitarium, all before Gloria was born.她的母亲曾是《托莱多刀锋报》(The Blade of Toledo)最早的一批女记者和编辑之一。她曾精神崩溃，后来对一种镇静剂产生依赖，并在疗养院住了两年，这些事情都发生在格洛丽亚出生前。When Gloria was about 10, her parents divorced, and her sister, Susanne, left for Smith College in Massachusetts. Gloria and her mother moved into a condemned farmhouse in East Toledo where Ruth had once lived. Gloria’s life was consumed by caring for her mother.格洛丽亚大约10岁时，父母离异，姐姐苏珊娜前往马萨诸塞州的史密斯学院上学。格洛丽亚和母亲搬进了东托莱多一栋废弃的农舍——母亲早年曾在那里住过。格洛丽亚的生活从此被照料母亲所占据。Gloria tended to Ruth for seven years, until her senior year of high school, when they sold the house, saving the money for Gloria’s college tuition. Gloria spent her senior year living with her sister in Washington, D.C., while Ruth went to California, where she was cared for by her ex-husband.她照料露丝长达七年，直到高中毕业班那一年。那时，她们卖掉了房子，把钱留下来作为格洛丽亚上大学的学费。格洛丽亚最后一年高中是在华盛顿特区与姐姐一起度过的，而露丝则去了加利福尼亚，由前夫照料。Gloria followed in her sister’s footsteps to Smith, where she majored in government. She graduated magna cum laude and Phi Beta Kappa in 1956.格洛丽亚追随姐姐的脚步进入史密斯学院，主修政治学。1956年，她以优等成绩毕业，并成为斐陶斐荣誉学会成员。During her senior year of college, Steinem planned to marry her boyfriend, but then decided against it. She left her engagement ring under her fiance’s pillow and “fled,” in her words, to India in early 1957.大四那年，斯泰纳姆计划与男友结婚，但后来改变了主意。她把订婚戒指留在未婚夫的枕头下，用她的话说“逃跑”了，于1957年初前往印度。On her way, she stayed in London while awaiting her visa and discovered that she was pregnant. She managed to get an abortion.途中，她在伦敦等待签证时发现自己怀孕了。她设法把孩子打掉了。She was drawn to India, just a decade into its independence, by the legacy of Mahatma Gandhi. She had won a Chester Bowles Asian fellowship to study there, but she quickly abandoned her classes. Wearing a sari, she walked through southern India with followers of Gandhi, absorbing lessons about “talking circles” and grassroots organizing.当时印度独立还不到十年，斯泰纳姆被圣雄甘地的政治遗产所吸引，因此前往印度。她获得了切斯特·鲍尔斯亚洲奖学金前往那里学习，但她很快便放弃了课程。她身着纱丽，与甘地的追随者一起徒步穿越印度南部，在此过程中习得了"谈话圈"和基层组织动员的经验。2015年的斯泰纳姆。 几十年来，她的工作挑战了渗透在文化中的性别歧视观念。“我们刚开始的时候，甚至还没有‘性骚扰’这个词，”她说，“那时候它就被叫作生活。”After returning to the United States, she spent a year in Cambridge, Massachusetts, as a director of the Independent Research Service, a nonprofit educational foundation that recruited and provided government support for American students to attend communist-run youth festivals in Europe. The magazine Ramparts subsequently reported that the foundation had been partly funded by the CIA, and Steinem came under criticism from the left. She dismissed the entire venture as harmless, telling The New York Times in 2016 that no one in the CIA had ever told her what to do or say and that she had never reported to the agency.回到美国后，她在马萨诸塞州剑桥待了一年，担任独立研究服务机构的负责人。这是一家非营利教育基金会，负责招募美国学生并提供政府资助，使其得以赴欧洲参加由共产党主导的青年节活动。后来，《壁垒》(Ramparts)杂志报道说，该基金会部分由中央情报局资助，斯泰纳姆因此受到左翼人士批评。她认为整件事没有什么大不了。2016年她告诉《纽约时报》，中央情报局从未告诉她该做什么或说什么，她也从未向该机构汇报工作。She moved to New York in 1960 and began working as a freelance journalist. At the time, women were not taken seriously as writers; she wanted to cover politics but was stuck with celebrity profiles and fashion.她于1960年搬到纽约，开始担任自由撰稿记者。当时，女性作家不受重视；她想报道政治，却只能接到名人采访和时尚方面的稿件。Still, she was prolific. Her articles appeared in Vogue, Cosmopolitan, Esquire, Family Circle and Life, among other magazines. She was a contributing editor at Glamour and New York.尽管如此，她的产量非常高。她的文章发表在《时尚》(Vogue)、《大都会》(Cosmopolitan)、《君子》(Esquire)、《家庭圈》(Family Circle)和《生活》等众多杂志上。她还担任过《魅力》(Glamour)和《纽约》杂志的特约编辑。At the same time, Steinem moved comfortably in the sophisticated milieu of New York’s intelligentsia and dated powerful men.与此同时，斯泰纳姆在纽约知识精英云集的高雅社交圈中如鱼得水，并与一些有权势的男人约会。In 2000, Steinem overlooked her antipathy toward marriage and wed David Bale, a social justice activist born in South Africa (and the father of actor Christian Bale). She was 66. She initially denied rumors that she had married him because he needed a green card, but years later conceded that this had been the case. The marriage lasted three years before he died in 2003, at 62, from brain lymphoma.2000年，斯泰纳姆暂时放下自己对婚姻的厌恶，嫁给了戴维·贝尔。贝尔是一名出生于南非的社会正义活动人士，也是演员克里斯蒂安·贝尔的父亲。当时斯泰纳姆66岁。起初，她否认自己嫁给贝尔是因为他需要绿卡的传言，但多年后承认确实如此。这段婚姻维持了三年，直到贝尔于2003年因脑淋巴瘤去世，终年62岁。1979年，斯泰纳姆在一次会议上发表演讲。 她克服了对公开演讲的恐惧，在世界各地举行巡回演说。 Sara Krulwich/The New York TimesSteinem had faced her own recurring battle with cancer (breast), starting in 1986, after which she suffered from total exhaustion and depression and underwent psychoanalysis. She then spent several years writing and rewriting “Revolution From Within: A Book of Self Esteem.”斯泰纳姆自己也曾反复与癌症（乳腺癌）抗争。1986年，她第一次患病，此后长期陷入极度疲惫和抑郁，并接受精神分析治疗。随后她花了数年撰写和修改《内在革命：一本关于自尊的书》(Revolution From Within: A Book of Self Esteem)。It was her first long public look at herself, and it disappointed some feminists, who saw her introspection as a retreat from much-needed social activism.这是她第一次如此公开而深入地审视自己，但却让一些女性主义者感到失望。在她们看来，这种自我反思让斯泰纳姆从迫切需要的社会活动中退缩了。“Revolution From Within” wasn’t the only time that she disappointed her natural allies. Over the years, her defense of Bill and Hillary Clinton landed her in political hot water. In an opinion column in the Times in 1998, she defended President Bill Clinton against numerous sexual allegations, saying that his advances toward various women had not been unwelcome or coercive.《内在革命》并非她唯一一次让自己的天然盟友失望。多年来，她为比尔·克林顿和希拉里·克林顿辩护，使她陷入了政治困境。1998年，她在《纽约时报》的观点专栏中为比尔·克林顿总统辩护，反驳众多性指控，称他对各种女性的追求并非不受欢迎或具有强迫性。She enraged many again during the 2016 Democratic presidential primaries, when she said in a television interview that young women were supporting Sen. Bernie Sanders of Vermont over Hillary Clinton because “when you’re young, you’re thinking, ‘Where are the boys? The boys are with Bernie.’” She eventually apologized and said she had misspoken.2016年民主党总统初选期间，她再次激怒了许多人。当时她在一次电视采访中说，年轻女性支持佛蒙特州参议员伯尼·桑德斯而不是希拉里·克林顿，是因为“年轻的时候，你会想：‘男生都在哪儿？男生们都支持伯尼呢。’”她后来为这番话道歉，表示自己言语失当。左起： 1971年，斯泰纳姆与纽约州民主党众议员贝拉·阿布祖格、纽约州民主党众议员雪莉·奇泽姆，以及贝蒂·弗里丹。她们共同创立了全国女性政治核心小组，以推动女性在政治中发挥更大的作用。 Charles Gorry/Associated PressSteinem devoted much of her life to writing. One of her bestsellers was “Outrageous Acts and Everyday Rebellions” (1983), her first collection of essays. Other books included “Marilyn: Norma Jean” (1986), a sympathetic portrait of Marilyn Monroe, and “Doing Sixty and Seventy” (2006), a reflection on women and aging.斯泰纳姆一生大部分时间都致力于写作。她的畅销书之一是1983年的《越轨之举与日常反抗》(Outrageous Acts and Everyday Rebellions)，这是她的第一部文集。其他著作包括1986年出版的《玛丽莲：诺玛·简》(Marilyn: Norma Jean)，一本对玛丽莲·梦露充满同情的传记式作品，以及2006年关于女性与衰老的思考《六十岁与七十岁》(Doing Sixty and Seventy)。Steinem is survived by what she called her “chosen family” — her close friends. Her mother died in 1981, and her sister, Susanne Steinem Patch, in 2007.斯泰纳姆仍在世的亲人是她所谓“选择来的家人”——那些亲密的朋友。她的母亲于1981年去世，她的姐姐苏珊娜·斯泰纳姆·帕奇于2007年去世。Ms. magazine reached its peak circulation in 1989, with 540,000 subscribers, but its finances were constantly in peril. In less than a decade, its circulation fell to 200,000, and the owner threatened to close it.《女士》杂志的发行量于1989年达到顶峰，拥有54万订户，但其财务状况始终岌岌可危。不到十年，其发行量降至20万，杂志所有者甚至威胁要关掉它。Cobbling together a group of venture capitalists and entrepreneurs, Steinem formed Liberty Media for Women, which acquired Ms. for $3 million. In 2001, the Feminist Majority Foundation took over and kept the magazine alive. The magazine now publishes quarterly.斯泰纳姆召集了一批风险投资家和企业家成立了妇女自由媒体公司，以300万美元收购了《女士》杂志。2001年，女性多数基金会接收，使这本杂志得以继续出版发行。该杂志现为季刊。《女士》杂志刊登过像《体毛：最后的边疆》这样的文章。 这些文章以传统杂志文章从未有过的方式触及女性的真实生活。 Santa Clara University Digital ExhibitsDeirdre Carmody对本文有报道贡献。Katharine Q. Seelye是一名讣告作者，她曾任《纽约时报》记者28年，此前报道美国政治和新英格兰地区新闻。翻译：杜然点击查看本文英文版。获取更多RSS：https://feedx.net https://feedx.site