JOHN ISMAY2026年9月3日 The New York TimesOn a typical U.S. aircraft carrier, 5,000 crew members work around the clock and require up to four meals a day. Although the ships are nuclear-powered, the planes and helicopters flying off them use millions of gallons of fuel each week.一艘典型的美国航空母舰上，5000名舰员昼夜不停地工作，每天需要供应多达四餐。虽然航母采用核动力，但舰载飞机和直升机每周要消耗数百万加仑的燃油。Carriers don’t travel alone. They are protected by destroyers armed with antiaircraft and cruise missiles, together forming what is called a carrier strike group. Those ships also need to be resupplied with food and fuel.航母从不单独行动。它们由配备防空导弹和巡航导弹的驱逐舰护航，共同组成所谓的航母打击群。这些舰艇也需要补给食品和燃料。There are currently two carriers and 12 destroyers in the Middle East helping to enforce a blockade of Iranian ports.目前，中东地区有两艘航母和12艘驱逐舰，参与对伊朗港口的封锁任务。They have extra support from a set of three warships known as an amphibious ready group, which hosts an assault force of Marines.此外，还有三艘军舰组成的两栖戒备群提供额外支援，它们搭载着一支海军陆战队突击部队。The Navy has about 20 ships in the Middle East, carrying roughly 20,000 sailors and Marines. The logistical challenges are immense: The ships need enough food for more than 420,000 meals and about eight million gallons of fuel each week.美国海军目前在中东部署了大约20艘舰艇，搭载约2万名水兵和海军陆战队员。后勤挑战极其艰巨：这些舰艇每周需要准备超过42万份餐食，以及大约800万加仑燃料。The Navy has operated there for decades and built supply depots throughout the region.美国海军在中东地区开展行动已有数十年，并在整个地区建立了多个补给基地。But Iran destroyed a critical Navy logistics base in Bahrain on Feb. 28, the first day of the war, and other ports in the region that can accommodate an aircraft carrier or a supply ship are also within range of Iranian missiles and drones, making them inaccessible.但2月28日，也就是战争爆发的第一天，伊朗摧毁了美国海军在巴林的一处关键后勤基地。该地区其他能够容纳航母或补给舰的港口，也都处于伊朗导弹和无人机的攻击范围之内，因此无法使用。注：航程距离为大致数值。Navy supply ships in the region now have to travel 2,200 miles to a tiny island in the Indian Ocean called Diego Garcia to bring food, fuel and other goods to the warships in the Gulf of Oman and the Arabian Sea.如今，该地区的美国海军补给舰不得不航行3500公里，前往印度洋上一座名为迪戈加西亚岛的小岛，从那里为部署在阿曼湾和阿拉伯海的军舰运送食物、燃料和其他物资。The next option is to go to Singapore, 3,700 miles away — which requires the ships to pass through the Strait of Malacca, a busy commercial corridor.另一个选择是前往近6000公里之外的新加坡，但这意味着补给舰必须穿过繁忙的商业航道马六甲海峡。Because the war has cut off access to nearby bases in the Middle East, the only option is to undertake resupply missions at sea every five or six days.由于战争切断了美军对中东附近基地的使用，舰队如今唯一的选择，就是每隔五六天在海上执行一次补给任务。This process is potentially hazardous, exposing both the receiving ship and the supply ship to risk.这种补给方式存在潜在危险，接受补给的舰艇和补给舰都要承担风险。During these missions, both ships need to travel together, keeping precisely the same course and speed. With waves, winds and current, it’s a challenge to keep the ships safely within about 150 feet of each other for hours.在执行这类任务时，两艘舰艇必须并行航行，保持完全一致的航向和航速。面对海浪、风力和洋流等因素，要让两艘船在数小时内始终安全地保持在约45米的距离之内，是一项极具挑战性的工作。 The New York TimesSailors use rifles to fire lines from a carrier or destroyer to the supply ship, eventually connecting the two ships with steel cables. Fuel lines and pallets of goods are then sent over on those cables.水兵们用步枪从航母或驱逐舰向补给舰发射引线，最终用钢缆将两艘舰船连接起来。随后，输油管线和一托板又一托板的物资便通过这些钢缆送到另一艘船上。At the same time, helicopters ferry supplies between the ships, carrying pallets of food, spare parts and mail in nets slung underneath.与此同时，直升机也会在两艘舰艇之间来回运送物资，把装有食品、备件和邮件的托板放进吊网，悬挂在直升机下方进行运输。The deployments for these warships are open-ended — they only go home once the president and the defense secretary decide so.这些战舰的部署没有明确的结束日期——它们只有等到总统和国防部长作出决定后才能返航。However, this is not sustainable.然而，这种部署方式无法长期维持。The Navy has only 11 aircraft carriers in total, and has sent four of them to the Middle East for the war. Some of the remaining carriers are undergoing lengthy repairs in shipyards and will not be able to deploy again for years.美国海军总共有11艘航母，其中四艘已先后被派往中东参战。其余部分航母正在船厂进行漫长的维修，未来数年都无法再次部署。One carrier, the U.S.S. Abraham Lincoln, spent most of its nine months at sea with no port calls. Under normal conditions, a Navy carrier would visit port about once a month to give its crew a brief rest. On Aug. 20, the Lincoln was relieved by the U.S.S. George Washington and began making its way back home.其中一艘航母“亚伯拉罕·林肯”号在海上部署九个月，其间大部分时间没有停靠任何港口。正常情况下，海军航母大约每月靠港一次，让舰员短暂休整。8月20日，“林肯”号被“乔治·华盛顿”号接替，开始返航。The Lincoln docked in Thailand on Wednesday morning. Its sailors will have a few days of shore leave there before continuing across the Pacific to the carrier’s home base in San Diego.周三上午，“林肯”号在泰国靠港。舰员将在当地获得几天的上岸休假，随后继续横跨太平洋，返回这艘航母位于圣迭戈的母港。注：舰队组成数据来自美国海军学会舰队动态追踪，截至8月31日。导弹射程数据来自战略与国际研究中心导弹防御项目。翻译：杜然点击查看本文英文版。获取更多RSS：https://feedx.net https://feedx.site