JAMES PATON2026年9月4日面对巨大压力和来自中国的竞争，大众汽车大幅下调了年度产量目标，并计划精简车型阵容。 Felix Schmitt for The New York TimesVolkswagen said on Thursday that it would go forward with the most sweeping restructuring in its 89-year history, cutting about 50,000 additional jobs in the face of surging Chinese competition, high energy prices and a costly transition to electric vehicles.大众汽车周四表示将推进89年历史上最彻底的重组计划。面对日益激烈的中国竞争、高昂的能源价格，以及向电动汽车转型的高昂成本，该公司将额外裁减约5万个岗位。“This is a strong signal for the future of the Volkswagen Group,” Oliver Blume, the German automotive giant’s chief executive, said in a statement.“这对大众汽车集团的未来是一个强烈信号，”这家德国汽车巨头的首席执行官奥博穆(Oliver Blume)在声明中表示。The decision, announced after a meeting of Volkswagen’s supervisory board, followed a tense standoff with unions representing its work force, which numbers more than 650,000 worldwide. But labor leaders backed the plan on Thursday.这一决定是在大众汽车监事会会议后宣布的，此前该公司与代表其全球超过65万名员工的工会之间曾发生紧张对峙。但工会领导人周四对该计划表示支持。“In this crisis situation, we fought hard for good solutions,” Christiane Benner, an official with the IG Metall union, said in the statement. “The executive board now has the foundation to tackle the major tasks ahead.” “在这种危机形势下，我们为争取好的解决方案进行了艰苦斗争，”德国金属工业工会官员克里斯蒂安·本纳在声明中说。“执行董事会现在有了应对未来重大任务的基础。”Since the end of 2024, Volkswagen had already agreed to reduce its work force by about 50,000 by the end of the decade. Agreements have been reached with 37,000 employees so far, the company said. The plan on Thursday would bring the total cuts to about 100,000.自2024年底以来，大众汽车已经同意到2030年结束前裁员约5万人。该公司表示，目前已与3.7万名员工达成协议。周四的计划将使裁员总数达到约10万人。Volkswagen, one of the world’s largest carmakers, is an icon of European industry and German manufacturing. It is now also an emblem of their challenges as China has risen as the world’s leading maker of autos and electric vehicles. The company’s business in China powered it for decades, but its Chinese sales have plummeted. All the while, a flood of cheap Chinese cars has hollowed out German factories.大众汽车是全球最大的汽车制造商之一，是欧洲工业和德国制造业的一个标志。如今，随着中国崛起成为世界领先的汽车和电动汽车制造国，大众汽车也成为欧洲工业和德国制造业所面临挑战的缩影。数十年来，该公司在中国的业务一直是其发展的重要动力，但如今在中国市场销量已大幅下滑。与此同时，大量廉价中国汽车涌入，掏空了德国工厂。The fate of four factories in Germany that have been targeted for possible closure remains unclear. But the company said it had far more manufacturing capacity than it needed. It added that “alternative uses for these plants are being assessed.”德国境内四家可能面临关闭的工厂命运仍不明朗。但该公司表示，其制造产能远超需求。它还说，“正在评估这些工厂的替代用途。”The “reality” is that those four plants — in Emden, Hanover, Zwickau and Neckarsulm — don’t have a clear future beyond 2030, Mr. Blume said last month. “We cannot carry that disadvantage indefinitely,” he said.奥博穆上个月表示，“现实”是，位于埃姆登、汉诺威、茨维考和内卡苏尔姆的这四家工厂在2030年之后的前景尚不明确。“我们无法无限期地承受这种劣势，”他说。There could be ways to avoid shutting factories, potentially by converting them for use by the defense industry as Germany ramps up spending to deter Russia’s military threat. At its Osnabrück site, for instance, Volkswagen is in talks with defense companies, Mr. Blume said last month.或许存在避免关闭工厂的途径，例如随着德国加大军费开支以遏制俄罗斯的军事威胁，可以将这些工厂改造，供国防工业使用。奥博穆上个月表示，大众汽车正在与国防企业就奥斯纳布吕克工厂相关事宜进行洽谈。Mr. Blume has said Volkswagen needs to rein in costs that are still about 30 percent higher than those of comparable companies.奥博穆曾表示，大众汽车需要控制成本，其成本仍比同类公司高出约30%。“It’s blindingly obvious that they desperately need to cut costs,” said Matthias Schmidt, a European auto industry analyst in Germany.“显而易见，他们迫切需要削减成本，”德国欧洲汽车行业分析师马蒂亚斯·施密特说。大众汽车首席执行官奥博穆去年在慕尼黑。Cheap imports from China are fueling calls to take tougher measures against Beijing to counter what businesses see as unfair competition. Spurred by government subsidies, Chinese carmakers began focusing on electric vehicles years ago, investments that have allowed them to capitalize on rising demand for such models. About one in five new vehicles sold in Europe is electric.来自中国的廉价进口车正引发呼声，要求对北京采取更严厉的措施，以反制企业眼中这种不公平的竞争。在政府补贴的推动下，中国汽车制造商多年前就开始专注于电动汽车，这些投资使它们得以利用对此类车型不断增长的需求。在欧洲销售的新车中，约五分之一是电动汽车。The plan is more like a cease-fire than a peace treaty between worker representatives and Volkswagen management, said Ferdinand Dudenhöffer, director of the Center Automotive Research in Bochum, Germany.德国波鸿汽车研究中心主任费迪南德·杜登霍夫表示，该计划更像是工人代表与大众汽车管理层之间的停火协议，而不是和平条约。“The plan formulates many goals, but fewer concrete steps,” Mr. Dudenhöffer said. “该计划制定了许多目标，但具体措施较少，”杜登霍夫说。Still, it is a break from Volkswagen’s recent feud with employees. Workers at Volkswagen, as is the case for the German carmakers Mercedes-Benz and BMW, hold half the 20 seats on the supervisory board. Shareholders also have 10 seats. At Volkswagen, however, there are additional complications. Two shareholder seats are held by the State of Lower Saxony, which owns 20 percent of the company’s voting stock. And the state, home to Volkswagen’s headquarters in Wolfsburg, almost always takes the side of workers.尽管如此，这仍是大众汽车近期与员工纷争的缓和。与德国汽车制造商梅赛德斯-奔驰和宝马一样，大众汽车的工人占据了监事会20个席位中的一半。股东也拥有10个席位。然而，在大众汽车，情况更为复杂。其中两个股东席位由下萨克森州持有，该州拥有公司20%的有表决权股份。而作为大众汽车总部沃尔夫斯堡的所在地，下萨克森州几乎总是站在工人一边。On Thursday, Olaf Lies, minister-president of Lower Saxony, endorsed the turnaround plan.周四，下萨克森州州长奥拉夫·利斯对该转型计划表示支持。“The challenges facing Volkswagen and the German automotive industry are enormous,” he said. The deal, he said, signals that Volkswagen is willing to make investments and find “long-term prospects” for factories. “大众汽车和德国汽车工业面临的挑战是巨大的，”他说。他表示，该协议表明大众汽车愿意进行投资，并为工厂寻找“长期前景”。7月的一次工人集会。大众汽车的董事会结构使工人通过下萨克森州获得了更大的话语权，作为股东，下萨克森州通常会站在劳方一边。For the company and industrial manufacturing in Germany more widely, the crisis is “existential,” said Harald Hendrikse, a managing director at Citi Research. He estimates that Volkswagen’s cost to make a car across Europe far exceeds the costs at the best sites in China.花旗研究董事总经理哈拉尔德·亨德里克塞表示，对该公司乃至更广泛的德国工业制造业而言，这场危机是“生死攸关的”。他估计，大众汽车在欧洲生产一辆汽车的成本远超中国最佳工厂的成本。The company aims to produce nine million cars a year, compared with a goal of 12 million before the Covid-19 pandemic and 10 million more recently. In July, Volkswagen said it would cut the number of models it offered by as much as half in a bid to reduce costs and take on Chinese competition.大众公司的目标是年产900万辆汽车，而疫情前的目标是1200万辆，最近的目标是1000万辆。7月，大众汽车表示将把提供的车型数量削减多达一半，以降低成本，并应对来自中国的竞争。Volkswagen, Mr. Schmidt said, can’t afford to wait.施密特说，大众汽车等不起。“It’s almost getting to the point of whether VW can survive in their current form,” he said. “It’s now or never.” “现在几乎到了大众汽车能否以目前的形式生存下去的时刻，”他说。“现在不行动就永远没有机会了。”Jack Ewing自纽约对本文有报道贡献。翻译：晋其角点击查看本文英文版。获取更多RSS：https://feedx.net https://feedx.site