Language shift: more specific← Previous revisionRevision as of 23:11, 22 October 2026 Line 290: Line 290: [[José Moret]], chronicler of the kingdom, called Navarre and its bordering provinces "the lands of Basque", claiming also that Tubal founded the Kingdom of Navarre. However, Basque underwent a gradual erosion, accelerated following the conquest of the kingdom in the early 16th century due to the homogenizing push of the new Castilian authorities and the neglect of its own elites, among other reasons.{{Cite journal|last=Mikelarena Peña|first=Fernando|date=2003|title=La evolución demográfica de la población vascoparlante en Navarra entre 1553 y 1936|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=324143|journal=Fontes linguae vasconum: Studia et documenta|volume=92|pages=183–197|issn=0046-435X}} By 1778, 121,000 inhabitants out of 227,000 were Basque speakers, 53% of its population, still the largest amount of Basque speakers across [[Basque Country (greater region)|all Basque territories]]. However, the number of speakers dropped sharply in the 19th century. In 1936, Basque speakers accounted for a 17% of the total Navarrese population. [[José Moret]], chronicler of the kingdom, called Navarre and its bordering provinces "the lands of Basque", claiming also that Tubal founded the Kingdom of Navarre. However, Basque underwent a gradual erosion, accelerated following the conquest of the kingdom in the early 16th century due to the homogenizing push of the new Castilian authorities and the neglect of its own elites, among other reasons.{{Cite journal|last=Mikelarena Peña|first=Fernando|date=2003|title=La evolución demográfica de la población vascoparlante en Navarra entre 1553 y 1936|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=324143|journal=Fontes linguae vasconum: Studia et documenta|volume=92|pages=183–197|issn=0046-435X}} By 1778, 121,000 inhabitants out of 227,000 were Basque speakers, 53% of its population, still the largest amount of Basque speakers across [[Basque Country (greater region)|all Basque territories]]. However, the number of speakers dropped sharply in the 19th century. In 1936, Basque speakers accounted for a 17% of the total Navarrese population. Other languages have been spoken, but have disappeared, such as [[Navarro-Aragonese]], a Romance language that was spoken in the Middle Ages around the central part of the [[Ebro]] basin. Starting in the late 11th century, the influx of pilgrims and colonizers from Toulouse and surrounding areas (''Francs'') who settled in separate boroughs along the Way of Saint James rendered [[Occitan language|Occitan]] the status language of the kingdom up to early 14th century. [[Navarro-Aragonese]] became the written language in court and royal administration by 1329, when it reached official status.{{Cite journal|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=16134|title=Notas gráfico-fonéticas sobre la documentación medieval navarra|last=Cierbide|first=Ricardo|journal=Príncipe de Viana|year=1998|volume=59|issue=214|pages=523–534}} However, from the 15th century onwards the language grew closer to Castilian ([[Spanish language|Spanish]]) and eventually merged with it.{{Cite book|title=Lugar de encuentro de lenguas y culturas|last=Herria|first=Euskal}} Other languages which at some point held a status or were spoken in certain communities and periods are [[Erromintxela language|Erromintxela]], [[French language|French]], [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]], and [[Arabic]]. Other languages have been spoken, but have disappeared, such as [[Navarrese Romance]], a Romance language that was spoken in the Middle Ages around the central part of the [[Ebro]] basin. Starting in the late 11th century, the influx of pilgrims and colonizers from Toulouse and surrounding areas (''Francs'') who settled in separate boroughs along the Way of Saint James rendered [[Occitan language|Occitan]] the status language of the kingdom up to early 14th century. [[Navarro-Aragonese]] became the written language in court and royal administration by 1329, when it reached official status.{{Cite journal|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=16134|title=Notas gráfico-fonéticas sobre la documentación medieval navarra|last=Cierbide|first=Ricardo|journal=Príncipe de Viana|year=1998|volume=59|issue=214|pages=523–534}} However, from the 15th century onwards the language grew closer to Castilian ([[Spanish language|Spanish]]) and eventually merged with it.{{Cite book|title=Lugar de encuentro de lenguas y culturas|last=Herria|first=Euskal}} Other languages which at some point held a status or were spoken in certain communities and periods are [[Erromintxela language|Erromintxela]], [[French language|French]], [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]], and [[Arabic]]. ==== Linguistic division of the territory and legal consequences ==== ==== Linguistic division of the territory and legal consequences ====