EPHRAT LIVNI2026年10月21日深度求索北京办公室的招牌。 Florence Lo/ReutersChina on Tuesday accused the United States of discrimination “under the pretext of so-called national security” after a U.S. order banned products by the Chinese artificial intelligence start-up DeepSeek from the technological systems of many U.S. government agencies.中国周二指责美国“以所谓国家安全为由”实施歧视。此前美国发布了一项命令，禁止中国人工智能初创企业深度求索的产品进入许多美国政府机构的技术系统。The American order, published on Monday but issued in July, and the Chinese recriminations inflamed tensions between the two nations amid their frenzied race for A.I. primacy. Some experts have likened the close competition to the nuclear arms race of the 20th century, with potentially huge stakes for humanity.这项于周一公布但早在7月就已颁布的美国禁令，以及中方随之而来的指责，在两国为争夺人工智能主导权展开的激烈角逐中，进一步加剧了两国间的紧张局势。一些专家将这场激烈的竞争比作20世纪的核军备竞赛，对人类的潜在影响可能极其深远。Citing fears that China may gain access to sensitive U.S. data from DeepSeek to “produce actionable intelligence,” the Department of Homeland Security ordered the removal of all the company’s products — and those from other firms reliant on its open-source offerings — from the informational technology systems in civilian executive branch agencies. It also banned future acquisitions of the products.美国国土安全部以担心中国可能通过深度求索获取美国敏感数据，“生成可采取行动的情报”为由，下令将该公司的所有产品，以及依赖其开源产品的其他公司的产品，从行政部门民用机构的信息技术系统中移除。该命令还禁止未来采购这些产品。In issuing the order, which went into effect this summer, U.S. officials contended that the Chinese legal system allows that government extensive access to Chinese company infrastructure, making the U.S. government vulnerable to the exposure of sensitive information.在发布这项于今年夏天生效的命令时，美国官员声称，中国法律体系允许中国政府广泛访问中国公司的基础设施，使美国政府面临敏感信息泄露的风险。Chinese officials on Tuesday accused the United States of using disingenuous national security concerns to suppress Chinese companies.周二，中国官员指责美国利用虚假的国家安全关切打压中国公司。China’s Ministry of Commerce said in a statement that China had passed laws to protect cybersecurity and data privacy to ensure that its companies can comply with relevant laws worldwide. It called on the United States to “withdraw” any restrictive measures.中国商务部在声明中说，中国已通过法律保护网络安全和数据隐私，以确保中国企业能够遵守世界各地的相关法律。声明呼吁美国“撤销”任何限制性措施。“China has consistently opposed the overgeneralization of the concept of national security and the politicization of science, technology and trade issues,” Mao Ning, a spokeswoman for China’s foreign ministry, said at a briefing on Tuesday. “We will resolutely safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of Chinese enterprises.”“中国一贯反对泛化国家安全概念，将科技和经贸问题政治化，”中国外交部发言人毛宁周二在记者会上说。“我们将坚决维护中国企业合法权益。”DeepSeek stunned the world last year when it announced that it had built one of the most powerful A.I. systems with far fewer computer chips than many thought necessary, and at a remarkably low training cost of less than $6 million.去年，深度求索宣布其构建了目前最强大的人工智能系统之一，所用计算机芯片数量远低于许多人的预期，且训练成本仅不到600万美元，这一成就令世界震惊。U.S. agencies accused DeepSeek last month of being “misleading,” saying that figure did not reflect “the true cost” of data acquired maliciously. The accusations echoed those made by major American A.I. companies like Anthropic and OpenAI.美国机构上月指责深度求索“误导”，称这一数字并未反映恶意获取数据的“真实成本”。这些指控呼应了Anthropic和OpenAI等美国主要人工智能公司提出的说法。China’s Commerce Ministry called those claims groundless, and part of a U.S. effort to monopolize the A.I. industry. It vowed that “China will take resolute countermeasures” if Chinese companies are suppressed or restricted as a result.中国商务部称这些说法毫无根据，是美国试图垄断人工智能产业的一部分。它誓言，如果中国企业因此受到打压或限制，“将采取一切必要措施”。The Chinese government rejected accusations by the F.B.I. and other agencies that DeepSeek and other major Chinese A.I. companies engaged in “aggressive, malicious and targeted” industrial-scale copying of frontier A.I. models developed in the United States “in an attempt to bridge the technological and performance gaps,” most “likely” with their government’s awareness.中国政府驳斥联邦调查局和其他机构的指控，即深度求索和其他中国主要人工智能公司对美国开发的前沿人工智能模型进行了“激进、恶意和有针对性的”工业规模复制，“试图缩小技术和性能差距”，而且“很可能”是在中国政府知情的情况下进行的。Last week, China’s Commerce Ministry and its Ministry of Science and Technology proposed new export and licensing controls on some A.I. technologies to protect its domestic industry, mirroring the American approach. While the Chinese proposal has not been finalized and excludes open-source models that have already been released, the newly listed technologies now face registration requirements.上周，中国商务部和科技部提议对某些人工智能技术实施新的出口和许可管制，以保护国内产业，此举与美国的做法如出一辙。虽然中国的提议尚未最终确定，并且不包括已经发布的开源模型，但新列入清单的技术现在面临登记要求。Tensions between the two countries are growing at a time when some say that coordination is paramount to the A.I. race.正当一些人认为双方的协调对人工智能竞赛至关重要之际，两国之间的紧张局势却在加剧。The United States has in recent years restricted the exports of advanced computer chips to limit China’s A.I. development. DeepSeek and other Chinese companies have raced forward despite the limits. And this past spring, DeepSeek said its new model relied on chips made by the Chinese tech firm Huawei, a milestone in China’s effort to reduce the need for foreign technology.近年来，美国限制先进计算机芯片出口，以遏制中国的人工智能发展。尽管面临限制，深度求索和其他中国公司仍在快速前进。今年春天，深度求索表示其新模型采用了中国科技公司华为制造的芯片，这标志着中国在减少对外国技术依赖方面迈出了重要一步。DeepSeek is among several prominent Chinese companies, like Moonshot AI and Alibaba, that allow developers to download open-source systems free and build products with them, unlike OpenAI and Anthropic, which can charge fees.深度求索和月之暗面和阿里巴巴等几家知名中国公司一样，允许开发者免费下载开源系统并用其构建产品，而OpenAI和Anthropic 则可能收取费用。That has made Chinese A.I. appealing to American businesses, giving them access to models deemed nearly as effective by many experts at a much lower cost and potentially raising challenges for Anthropic and OpenAI ahead of planned initial public offerings.这使中国人工智能技术对美国企业具有吸引力，令它们能够以低得多的成本，获得许多专家认为效果几乎相当的模型，并可能在Anthropic和OpenAI计划进行首次公开募股之前对这两家公司构成潜在挑战。(The New York Times has sued OpenAI and Microsoft, claiming copyright infringement of news content related to A.I. systems. The companies have denied the suit’s claims.).（《纽约时报》已起诉OpenAI和微软，声称与人工智能系统相关的新闻内容侵犯版权。这些公司否认了诉讼中的指控。）It is not clear how reliant U.S. agencies have been on DeepSeek or on products that integrate its technology. The Homeland Security order gave no specifics, and when reached for comment, the department did not answer questions about the extent to which the targeted products had been integrated.目前尚不清楚美国机构在多大程度上依赖深度求索或整合其技术的产品。国土安全部的命令没有提供具体细节，该部门在被要求置评时也没有回答有关目标产品整合程度的问题。In a statement to The New York Times on Tuesday, a spokesperson for the U.S. Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency said that new exclusion and removal orders addressing DeepSeek were issued on Friday by the heads of the Department of Defense, Homeland Security and the National Intelligence Program requiring agencies to identify and remove DeepSeek and affiliated products.在周二给《纽约时报》的一份声明中，美国网络安全和基础设施安全局发言人表示，国防部、国土安全部和国家情报计划负责人周五发布了针对深度求索新的排除和移除命令，要求各机构识别并移除深度求索及其关联产品。DeepSeek could not be reached by phone on Monday, and it did not immediately respond to an email seeking comment.周一无法通过电话联系到深度求索，它也没有立即回复寻求置评的电子邮件。The Homeland Security Department is not the first federal or state agency to restrict or ban the use of DeepSeek in its official systems or devices.国土安全部并不是第一个限制或禁止在其官方系统或设备中使用深度求索的联邦或州机构。The Commerce Department, the Navy, the Defense Information Systems Agency and NASA have all barred its use, and states including Texas, New York and Virginia have prohibited the use of DeepSeek products in government work.商务部、海军、国防信息系统局和美国国家航空航天局都已禁止使用深度求索，得克萨斯州、纽约州和弗吉尼亚州等州也禁止在政府工作中使用深度求索产品。Other countries have made similar moves. Among them, France and Australia last year blocked the use of DeepSeek tech from all government systems. Italy also banned its products from app stores, citing concerns about data protection.其他国家也采取了类似行动。其中，法国和澳大利亚去年阻止在所有政府系统中使用深度求索的技术。意大利也以数据保护担忧为由，禁止其产品进入应用商店。Xinyun Wu对本文有报道贡献。Ephrat Livni是《纽约时报》记者，报道全球突发新闻。她常驻华盛顿。翻译：纽约时报中文网点击查看本文英文版。