《纽约时报》2026年9月11日 Jim Huylebroek for The New York TimesAmerica’s “forever war” in Afghanistan began only weeks after the Sept. 11 attacks and lasted just short of 20 years, ending in the chaos of Aug. 15, 2021, when the capital, Kabul, fell once again to the Taliban.美国在阿富汗的“永久战争”始于9·11袭击仅数周后，持续近20年，最终在2021年8月15日的混乱中结束——首都喀布尔再次落入塔利班之手。Journalists for The New York Times covered the war from beginning to end and have continued capturing the lives of Afghanistan’s people as they navigate a scarred landscape and an uncertain future.《纽约时报》的记者从头到尾报道了这场战争，并继续记录阿富汗人民的生活。他们穿行于伤痕累累的土地，面对不确定的未来。2001-20022001-2002The War Begins战争开始Operation Enduring Freedom began on Oct. 7, 2001, with an American bombing campaign against Al Qaeda and the Taliban. American Special Operations forces teams linked up with Afghan militias opposed to the Taliban, mainly the Northern Alliance, to drive the Taliban from power. Kabul fell in mid-November, along with the Taliban stronghold of Kandahar.“持久自由行动”于2001年10月7日开始，美国对基地组织和塔利班发动轰炸。美国特种作战部队与反对塔利班的阿富汗民兵——主要是北方联盟——联手，意图将塔利班赶下台。喀布尔于11月中旬陷落，塔利班据点坎大哈也一并陷落。In December, Osama bin Laden, Al Qaeda’s leader, escaped to Pakistan through the mountains around Tora Bora. That same month, an interim Afghan government led by Hamid Karzai was installed.12月，基地组织领导人奥萨马·本·拉登穿过托拉博拉周边山区逃往巴基斯坦。同月，由哈米德·卡尔扎伊领导的阿富汗临时政府成立。 James Hill for The New York TimesNorthern Alliance troops firing on Taliban positions in rugged territory outside the northeastern city of Taloqan in October 2001.2001年10月，北方联盟部队在东北部城市塔洛坎外围的崎岖地带向塔利班阵地开火。Fighters for the Northern Alliance heading to the front lines near the besieged Taliban stronghold of Kunduz in November 2001.2001年11月，北方联盟的战士前往被围困的塔利班据点昆都士附近的前线。 Tyler Hicks/The New York TimesOn their way into Kabul in November 2001, Northern Alliance members found a Taliban fighter in a ditch and killed him, despite his pleas.2001年11月，北方联盟成员在进军喀布尔途中发现一名塔利班武装分子藏身沟渠，尽管对方苦苦哀求，北方联盟成员仍将其杀害。An American B-52 bomber circling above Tora Bora in eastern Afghanistan in December 2001.2001年12月，一架美国B-52轰炸机在阿富汗东部托拉博拉上空盘旋。 Joao Silva for The New York TimesFighters for the Eastern Alliance, another anti-Taliban militia, running for cover from Al Qaeda sniper fire in the Tora Bora mountains in December 2001.2001年12月，另一支反塔利班民兵组织东部联盟的战士在托拉博拉山区躲避基地组织狙击手的火力。2003-20072003-2007Drift to Iraq转向伊拉克Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld announced an end to major combat operations in Afghanistan in May 2003. Even with a major reconstruction effort underway there, and about 8,000 American troops in place, President George W. Bush’s administration began shifting combat resources to the war in Iraq.国防部长唐纳德·拉姆斯菲尔德于2003年5月宣布阿富汗主要作战行动结束。尽管那里正在进行大规模重建，并且约有8000名美军驻扎，乔治·W·布什政府已开始将作战资源转向伊拉克战争。American soldiers from the 10th Mountain Division yelling to others to get out of the line of fire after being ambushed by Taliban fighters in southern Afghanistan in June 2006.2006年6月，在阿富汗南部遭到塔利班战士伏击后，美国第10山地师的士兵大声呼喊其他人离开火力线。 Tyler Hicks/The New York TimesWomen in Kabul waiting to vote in October 2004. Afghanistan’s landmark presidential election quickly fell into dispute.2004年10月，喀布尔的妇女排队等待投票。阿富汗具有里程碑意义的总统选举很快陷入争议。Mohammad Akbar holding the hand of his nephew, Mohammad, age 3, at a hospital in Kandahar in May 2006. The boy was injured in an attack by U.S. forces and suffered burn injuries.2006年5月，穆罕默德·阿克巴在坎大哈一家医院握着三岁侄子穆罕默德的手。这名男孩在美国部队的一次袭击中受伤，遭受烧伤。 Joao Silva for The New York TimesBritish soldiers of the Royal Anglians B Company, part of NATO forces, firing toward Taliban positions after coming under attack during a patrol in Kajaki in July 2007.2007年7月，作为北约部队一部分的英国皇家安格利亚团B连士兵在卡贾基巡逻时遭到袭击，向塔利班阵地开火。Wounded soldiers in the Korengal Valley in eastern Afghanistan in October 2007.2007年10月，阿富汗东部科伦加尔山谷中受伤的士兵。 Tyler Hicks/The New York TimesAfghan National Army soldiers detained a man whom they believed to be a Taliban fighter during the search of a village in southern Afghanistan in May 2006.2006年5月，阿富汗国民军士兵在阿富汗南部搜查一个村庄时，拘留了一名他们认为是塔利班战士的男子。2008-20102008-2010Recommitment and Surge重新承诺与增兵In February 2009, the new American president, Barack Obama, declared a recommitment to the war and deployed 17,000 more troops to Afghanistan, adding to the 36,000 already there.2009年2月，新任美国总统贝拉克·奥巴马宣布重新投入于这场战争，并An Army patrol worked its way through the Korengal Valley in April 2009 to meet with a group of village elders. An I.E.D. exploded. Then the Taliban attacked. Soldiers scrambled. One died.2009年4月，一支陆军巡逻队穿过科伦加尔山谷，准备与一群村中长老会面。一枚简易爆炸装置爆炸。随后塔利班发动袭击。士兵们仓皇应对。一人死亡。 Moises Saman for The New York TimesA German soldier burning a flare at a campsite in the desert of Kunduz Province, in October 2009.2009年10月，一名德国士兵在昆都士省沙漠中的一个营地点燃信号弹。A suicide bomber struck near a hotel in Kabul in December 2009, killing at least eight people and wounding dozens.2009年12月，一名自杀式炸弹袭击者在喀布尔一家酒店附近发动袭击，造成至少八人死亡、数十人受伤。 Moises Saman for The New York TimesA bullet-pierced window at a Kabul guesthouse attacked by the Taliban in November 2009. Five United Nations workers were killed.2009年11月，喀布尔一家宾馆遭到塔利班袭击，窗户被子弹击穿。五名联合国工作人员遇害。Marines came under attack in Marja, in Helmand Province, in February 2010 while on their way to check a building that had been bombed earlier in the day. Most of the Marines were experiencing combat for the first time.2010年2月，海军陆战队员在赫尔曼德省马尔贾遭到袭击，当时他们正前往检查一座当天早些时候被轰炸的建筑。大多数海军陆战队员是首次经历实战。 Moises Saman for The New York TimesVillage elders meeting in Marja in March 2010.2010年3月，村中长老在马尔贾开会。Afghan soldiers rushing a wounded police officer to an American helicopter in Kunar Province in March 2010.2010年3月，库纳尔省，阿富汗士兵将一名受伤的警察紧急送往一架美国直升机。 Damon Winter/The New York TimesAmerican soldiers on a transport plane about to land in Mazar-i-Sharif in April 2010.2010年4月，一架即将降落在马扎里沙里夫的运输机上的美国士兵。An Afghan man who was detained on suspicion of being involved in an attack by militants on the first day of a national peace council meeting in Kabul in June 2010.2010年6月，一名涉嫌参与武装分子在喀布尔全国和平委员会会议首日的袭击而被拘留的阿富汗男子。 Damon Winter/The New York TimesMembers of the First Battalion, 87th Infantry, tending to a wounded comrade in Kunduz in September 2010.2010年9月，第87步兵团第一营的成员在昆都士照料一名受伤的战友。2011-20132011-2013A Troop Drawdown部队撤减In May 2011, a U.S. Navy SEAL team killed Osama bin Laden in a compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan, where he had been living for years. In June, Mr. Obama announced that he would pull 33,000 troops from Afghanistan by mid-2012.2011年5月，一支美国海军海豹突击队击毙奥萨马·本·拉登，地点在巴基斯坦阿伯塔巴德的一处院落，他已在那里居住多年。6月，奥巴马宣布，他将在2012年中期前从阿富汗撤出3.3万名军人。Soldiers boarding a transport helicopter in Kunduz in March 2011.2011年3月，士兵们在昆都士登上一架运输直升机。 Andrea Bruce for The New York TimesThe mother of Khan Mohammad, a 3-month-old baby who died from exposure to the cold, being comforted before her child was washed and buried in the Nasaji Bagrami Camp for displaced persons in Kabul in February 2012.2012年2月，在喀布尔的纳萨吉·巴格拉米流离失所者营地，三个月大的婴儿汗·穆罕默德因受寒而亡。他的母亲在为孩子清洗遗体并下葬前接受安慰。Afghan soldiers, left, and American soldiers blew up a Taliban firing position in the village of Layadira, in Kandahar Province, in February 2013.2013年2月，阿富汗士兵（左）和美国士兵在坎大哈省拉亚迪拉村炸毁一个塔利班射击阵地。 Sergey Ponomarev for The New York TimesMembers of the 101st Airborne Division in Paktia Province in April 2013.2013年4月，第101空降师的成员在帕克蒂亚省。Samiullah, 8 months old and malnourished, being held by his mother, Islam Bibi, 15, at a hospital in Lashkar Gah, in Helmand Province, in September 2013.2013年9月，在赫尔曼德省拉什卡尔加一家医院，15岁的母亲伊斯兰·比比怀抱着八个月大、营养不良的萨米乌拉。 Daniel Berehulak for The New York TimesSayed Wazir, 40, a former mujahedeen, firing a rocket toward Taliban positions in Wardak Province in November 2013.2013年11月，40岁的前圣战者赛义德·瓦齐尔在瓦尔达克省向塔利班阵地发射火箭弹。The view from a Humvee of Highway 1, which links Kabul with Afghanistan’s other major cities, in November 2013.2013年11月，从悍马车上眺望连接喀布尔与阿富汗其他主要城市的一号高速公路。2014-20182014-2018A Taliban Resurgence塔利班卷土重来On Dec. 31, 2014, the combat mission in Afghanistan formally ended, but the American military presence in the country did not. Mr. Obama announced a timetable for the withdrawal of most troops by the end of 2016.2014年12月31日，阿富汗的战斗任务正式结束，但美国在该国的军事存在并未结束。奥巴马宣布了在2016年底前撤出大部分军队的时间表。After a 2014 election marred by fraud, Ashraf Ghani became president, but signed a power-sharing agreement with his top opponent, Abdullah Abdullah.在2014年一场因舞弊而备受诟病的选举后，阿什拉夫·加尼成为总统，但与他的主要对手阿卜杜拉·阿卜杜拉签署了权力分享协议。On the battlefield, the Afghan security forces increasingly struggled against the Taliban, taking heavy casualties and losing territory.在战场上，阿富汗安全部队日益难以对抗塔利班，承受重大伤亡并丢失领土。In August 2017, President Trump, early in his first term in office, said he would continue to prosecute the war.2017年8月，特朗普总统在其第一个任期初期表示，他将继续推进这场战争。 Bryan Denton for The New York TimesAn Afghan police officer, Mohammad Qassim, 28, recovering at a hospital run by Emergency, an Italian nonprofit group, after losing his right leg to a Taliban explosive in Marja, Helmand Province.在赫尔曼德省马尔贾，28岁的阿富汗警察穆罕默德·卡西姆在意大利非营利组织“急诊”运营的医院中康复，他因塔利班的爆炸物失去了右腿。The aftermath of a U.S. airstrike that hit a Doctors Without Borders hospital in Kunduz in October 2015. Forty-two people were killed in the attack.2015年10月，美国空袭击中昆都士一家无国界医生医院后的景象。42人在袭击中丧生。 Jim Huylebroek for The New York TimesThe bodies of 20 commandos lined up in November 2018 outside the governor’s office in Sang-e-Masha, in Ghazni Province. Their company was almost destroyed fighting the Taliban.2018年11月，加兹尼省桑格-马沙省长办公室外，20名突击队员的遗体排成一列。他们的连队在对抗塔利班时几乎被摧毁。A view of the outskirts of Lashkar Gah in Helmand Province in March 2016.2016年3月，赫尔曼德省拉什卡尔加郊区的景象。 Adam Ferguson for The New York TimesThe Kart-e-Sakhi cemetery in Kabul in April 2016.2016年4月，喀布尔的卡尔特萨希公墓。2018-20202018-2020A Deal With the Taliban与塔利班达成协议In late 2018, American and Taliban negotiators began holding peace talks in Doha, Qatar. The Afghan government was excluded from the talks; the Taliban refused to meet with its officials.2018年底，美国和塔利班谈判代表开始在卡塔尔多哈举行和平谈判。阿富汗政府被排除在谈判之外；塔利班拒绝与其官员会面。On Feb. 29, 2020, the United States signed a peace deal with the Taliban, opening the door to a gradual, final troop withdrawal from Afghanistan and the beginning of direct talks between the Afghan government and the Taliban to determine the country’s future.2020年2月29日，美国与塔利班签署和平协议，为从阿富汗逐步撤军打开大门，并开启阿富汗政府与塔利班之间的直接谈判，以决定该国的未来。A funeral for one of 63 people killed at a wedding in Kabul by an Islamic State suicide bomber in August 2019.2019年8月，一名伊斯兰国自杀式炸弹袭击者在喀布尔一场婚礼上制造爆炸，造成63人遇难，图为其中一名遇难者的葬礼。 Jim Huylebroek for The New York TimesA crater left by a car-bomb attack in Kabul in September 2019. The Taliban claimed responsibility.2019年9月，喀布尔汽车炸弹袭击留下的弹坑。塔利班声称对此负责。Afghan police officers inspecting a replacement trench after their base was overrun by the Taliban in February 2020.2020年2月，阿富汗警察在其基地被塔利班攻占后检查一条新建的战壕。 Jim Huylebroek for The New York TimesTwo children passing members of a Taliban Red Unit, an elite force, in the Alingar district of Laghman in March 2020.2020年3月，两名儿童在拉格曼省阿林加区经过塔利班精锐部队“红色部队”成员身旁。2021-20262021-2026The Taliban’s Return塔利班回归On April 14, 2021, the recently sworn-in U.S. president, Joseph R. Biden Jr., called for a complete withdrawal of all American forces from Afghanistan by Sept. 11, 2021.2021年4月14日，刚刚宣誓就职的美国总统小约瑟夫·R·拜登呼吁在2021年9月11日前从阿富汗完全撤出所有美军。The United States had spent about $2 trillion on the war effort. About 2,400 American troops and nearly 700 troops from other nations in the coalition died. More than 40,000 civilians were killed, as well as an estimated 60,000 Afghan security forces.美国在这场战争中花费了约2万亿美元。约2400名美军和近700名来自联军其他国家的军人死亡。超过4万名平民被杀，另有估计达6万名阿富汗安全部队人员死亡。After the rushed withdrawal of U.S. forces, the Afghan government did not mount a significant resistance, and Taliban forces quickly regained control. Many Afghans feared a return to civil war between the Taliban and the remaining anti-Taliban fighters, but the violence affecting civilians dropped sharply with the end of the U.S. war.在美军匆忙撤离后，阿富汗政府没有组织有效的抵抗，塔利班部队迅速重新控制局势。许多阿富汗人担心塔利班与剩余反塔利班战士之间再次爆发内战，但随着美国战争的结束，影响平民的暴力事件急剧下降。In 2022, the Taliban government imposed a series of edicts governing every aspect of daily life, which remain in place. The rules are particularly strict for women and girls, who are no longer allowed to work at most jobs or seek formal education beyond sixth grade.2022年，塔利班政府颁布了一系列管理日常生活各个方面的法令，这些法令仍然有效。这些规定对妇女和女孩尤其严格，她们不再被允许从事大多数工作或寻求六年级以上的正规教育。Military conflict has not disappeared. In late 2025, Pakistan began a campaign against the armed groups operating on its border with Afghanistan, while the Taliban tighten their grip on Afghan society and defend their rule against the few remaining forces of resistance.军事冲突并未消失。2025年底，巴基斯坦开始对在其与阿富汗边境活动的武装团体发起行动，同时塔利班收紧对阿富汗社会的控制，并抵御少数残余抵抗力量以捍卫其统治。An American soldier aboard a Chinook helicopter as U.S. troops began their withdrawal from the country, loading up ammunition and supplies from Kandahar Airfield in May 2021.2021年5月，美国军队开始从阿富汗撤军，一名美国士兵在坎大哈机场的一架支奴干直升机上装载弹药和补给。 Tyler Hicks/The New York TimesA passenger in a car awaiting clearance at a security checkpoint in Herat in July 2021. The Taliban would soon seize Herat, the country’s third-largest city.2021年7月，赫拉特一个安全检查站，一名车内乘客等待放行。塔利班很快将夺取该国第三大城市赫拉特。On the day that Afghanistan’s capital, Kabul, fell to the Taliban, the group’s fighters rode a Humvee near a roundabout in the city on Aug. 15, 2021. The date is now celebrated in Afghanistan as the moment of the country’s liberation from U.S. occupation.2021年8月15日，阿富汗首都喀布尔落入塔利班之手当天，该组织战士乘坐一辆悍马车经过城中一个环岛。这一天现在在阿富汗被视为庆祝国家从美国占领下解放的时刻。 Jim Huylebroek for The New York TimesWith the U.S. withdrawal deadline looming, mayhem persisted outside the Kabul airport as American Marines stood guard in August 2021. Even some Afghans holding special immigrant visas were turned away to give priority to U.S. citizens.2021年8月，随着美国撤军期限临近，喀布尔机场外混乱持续，美国海军陆战队员站岗守卫。甚至一些持有特殊移民签证的阿富汗人也因美国优先处理本国公民而被拒之门外。In August 2021, during the last days of the U.S. evacuation, there was another spasm of violence, when a suicide bomb exploded outside the gates of the crowded airport in Kabul. An Islamic State affiliate claimed responsibility for the attack, which killed 13 U.S. service members and scores of civilians.2021年8月，在美国撤离的最后几天，又发生了暴力事件，一枚自杀式炸弹在拥挤的喀布尔机场门外爆炸。一个与伊斯兰国有关联的组织声称负责，袭击造成13名美国军人和数十名平民死亡。 Victor J. Blue for The New York TimesBefore the city fell, Khalil Haqqani appeared at a mosque in Kabul to help establish Taliban authority. When the Taliban declared an interim government, they appointed many loyalists from their rule in the 1990s, including Mr. Haqqani.在城市陷落前，哈利勒·哈卡尼出现在喀布尔一座清真寺，帮助建立塔利班权威。当塔利班宣布临时政府时，他们任命了许多20世纪90年代统治时期的效忠者，包括哈卡尼在内。Relatives and neighbors at the site of a U.S. drone strike that killed 10 civilians in Kabul in August 2021.2021年8月，喀布尔一次美国无人机袭击造成10名平民死亡，图为亲属和邻居在袭击现场。 David Guttenfelder for The New York TimesChildren flying homemade kites on a hillside graveyard in Kabul in December 2021. The first Taliban government had banned kite flying, and Afghans feared that the pastime and other activities would be outlawed again.2021年12月，儿童在喀布尔一个山坡坟场放自制风筝。塔利班第一届政府曾禁止放风筝，阿富汗人担心这种消遣和其他活动会再次被禁止。A math class in a secret classroom in Afghanistan in May 2026. The Taliban banned formal education beyond sixth grade for girls.2026年5月，阿富汗一间秘密教室里的数学课。塔利班禁止女孩接受六年级以上的正规教育。 Elise Blanchard for The New York TimesAfghan women and children who had just arrived from Pakistan waiting to be registered as returnees at the Torkham border crossing in Nangarhar Province in October 2023. Seven families paid to travel with their belongings from Pakistan.2023年10月，刚刚从巴基斯坦抵达的阿富汗妇女和儿童在楠格哈尔省托尔哈姆边境口岸等待被登记为回乡人员。七个家庭自费携带家当从巴基斯坦辗转而来。Nasiba Ameni, 30, holding her son Abdul Hamad, 1, at a malnutrition ward in Olqan Hospital, in Daykundi Province, in December 2025. Abdul has a heart disease, and his recovery is complicated by severe malnutrition.2025年12月，30岁的纳西巴·阿梅尼在代孔迪省奥尔坎医院营养不良病房抱着一岁的儿子阿卜杜勒·哈马德。阿卜杜勒患有心脏病，他的康复因严重营养不良而变得棘手。 Tomas Munita for The New York TimesVisiting the remains of a house in August 2026 that was damaged during Pakistani airstrikes two months earlier in the village of Mandakhel, in Paktia Province.2026年8月，探访帕克蒂亚省曼达克尔村一座房屋的残骸，该房屋在两个月前巴基斯坦空袭中受损。Afghan women in the village of Deh-e Kuchay, in Kandahar Province, in May 2025.2025年5月，坎大哈省德赫库柴村的阿富汗女性。翻译：经雷、晋其角点击查看本文英文版。获取更多RSS：https://feedx.net https://feedx.site