DAVID PIERSON, ALEX TRAVELLI2026年9月14日新德里街头的金砖国家标识，摄于周五。印度首都为这次峰会基本处于全城布防状态。 Francis Mascarenhas/ReutersThe summit of the BRICS group of emerging economies was designed to show what world leadership looks like when the West is not in the room.金砖国家这个新兴经济体集团的峰会本意是要展示没有西方参与时的世界领导格局会是什么样子。And as widening clashes in the Middle East send global energy prices soaring, the gathering in New Delhi this weekend gave the leaders of China, India, Russia and several other countries something Washington lacks: a seat at the table with Iran.而随着中东冲突不断升级导致全球能源价格飙升，本周末在新德里举行的这次峰会让中国、印度、俄罗斯及其他多个国家的领导人获得了华盛顿不具备的一样东西：与伊朗同桌对话的机会。The summit’s grand setup at a large convention hall in the center of New Delhi, surrounded by a security cordon, relied heavily on visual staging to project unity. The host, Prime Minister Narendra Modi of India, held hands with President Vladimir V. Putin of Russia and President Xi Jinping of China at the center of a group photo in front of a massive water feature. They planted trees and sat around in a venue festooned with slogans like: “Together we build, together we rise.”峰会在新德里市中心一座戒备森严的大型会议中心举行，通过精心安排的场面竭力营造出团结的形象。在一处巨大的水景前拍摄金砖国家领导人合影时，东道主印度总理莫迪与俄罗斯总统普京和中国国家主席习近平手牵手站在中心位置。他们一起植树，并在一个装饰着“我们共同建设，我们共同崛起”之类口号的会场中围坐交流。But the event could not mask the BRICS group’s unwieldy internal divisions, a dynamic that raises questions about the loose bloc’s ability to solve geopolitical crises like the war in the Middle East.但峰会终究无法掩盖金砖国家内部难以调和的分歧，而这种态势也引发了外界对这一松散集团能否解决诸如中东战争这类地缘政治危机的质疑。The group has been split by tensions between Iran and the United Arab Emirates, a U.S. security partner that has been targeted by thousands of Iranian ballistic missiles, cruise missiles and drones since the war started in February. India, which as host influences the agenda, also does not share the same opposition to the West as Russia and Iran, preferring to try to juggle strategic friendships with powers from across the ideological spectrum.该集团受到伊朗与阿拉伯联合酋长国之间紧张关系的影响而出现分歧。自2月战争爆发以来，伊朗已经向阿联酋发射了数以千计的弹道导弹、巡航导弹和无人机，阿联酋是美国的安全伙伴。作为东道国，对峰会议程拥有影响力的印度并不像俄罗斯和伊朗那样对西方抱持对立立场，而是更倾向于在意识形态光谱两端的大国之间努力周旋，维持与它们的战略友好关系。During the photo op, the president of Iran stood near one end of the line, while the crown prince of Abu Dhabi — representing the United Arab Emirates — stood at the other. Later that day, the group released a joint statement calling for “maximum restraint” in the Middle East while avoiding casting blame on any country.在合影时，伊朗总统站在一侧，代表阿拉伯联合酋长国的阿布扎比王储站在另一侧。当天晚些时候，该集团发表了一份联合声明，呼吁中东地区“保持最大限度的克制”，却避免指责任何国家。“They were able to get everyone to agree to a watered down statement,” said Sarang Shidore, the director of the global south program at the Quincy Institute, a research group in Washington. “It is more of a relief for BRICS than it is a great victory.”“他们能让所有人同意一份措辞软化的声明，”华盛顿智库昆西研究所全球南方项目主任萨朗·希多尔说，“这对金砖国家来说更像是如释重负，而不是重大胜利。”The wording in the lengthy joint statement about the war in the Middle East that apportioned no blame was a retreat from a BRICS statement in 2025, which condemned a 12-day war against Iran from June of that year, noted Manoj Kewalramani, the head of Indo-Pacific studies at the Takshashila Institution in Bengaluru, India.印度班加罗尔的智库塔克沙希拉研究所印太研究负责人马诺杰·凯瓦尔拉马尼指出，这份冗长的联合声明在中东战争问题上未就责任归咎于任何一方，它是对金砖国家2025年声明的一次退步——当时的声明谴责了那年6月对伊朗为期12天的战争。It also acknowledged the “respective national positions” of each member. Such language “preserves room for disagreement and presents a diluted expression of concern in place of a unified BRICS view on the issue,” he wrote.声明还承认各成员国“各自的立场”。他写道，这种措辞“为分歧保留了空间，以一种淡化的关切表达取代了金砖国家在这一问题上本应展现的统一立场”。If the bloc struggled to address regional wars, it was far more unified in pushing back against American economic pressure. The statement took indirect aim at the United States by raising concerns about tariffs and condemning the use of economic sanctions.如果说该集团在应对地区战争问题上显得步调不一，那么在反制美国经济施压方面，它们的立场则要团结得多。声明虽未点名美国，却对关税问题表达了关切，并谴责了动用经济制裁的做法。“It’s very difficult to have such a big and expanded club of countries that are united by their animosity to Western hegemony but have very different interests, sometimes opposing each other, sometimes at war with each other,” said Alexander Gabuev, director of the Carnegie Russia Eurasia Center in Berlin.“要让这样一个庞大且不断扩大的国家俱乐部保持团结非常困难——它们因对西方霸权的共同反感而走到一起，但它们彼此之间的利益却截然不同，有时相互对立，有时甚至兵戎相见，”柏林的卡内基俄罗斯欧亚中心主任亚历山大·加布耶夫说。A Stage for Iran伊朗的舞台Both Mr. Putin and President Masoud Pezeshkian of Iran, whose countries are mired in wars and under fierce pressure from the West in the form of sanctions, moved quickly on Friday to press their agendas even before the summit started.普京和伊朗总统佩泽希齐扬——这两个国家都深陷战争，并承受着西方制裁带来的巨大压力——在峰会尚未正式开始前，便于周五迅速推进各自的议程。Mr. Pezeshkian criticized U.S. power and urged fellow members to build alternative financial tools to protect themselves from Western pressure. “Who said it should decide for the entire world, that others have no rights, and that whatever they want everyone else has to obey?” he said in a speech. “This is something we will not accept.”佩泽希齐扬批评美国的强权，并敦促其他成员国建立替代性金融工具，以保护自身免受西方压力。“谁规定它可以替整个世界做决定，规定其他国家没有权利，规定他们想让别人做什么，别人就必须服从？”他在演讲中说。“这是我们不会接受的。”伊朗总统佩泽希齐扬（左）、俄罗斯总统普京（中）与印度总理莫迪，摄于周五。Officials have not said if Mr. Pezeshkian will have a formal sit-down with Mr. Xi, the Chinese leader. At a recent regional security summit in Kyrgyzstan, Mr. Xi and Mr. Pezeshkian met only briefly on the sidelines rather than in a separate bilateral meeting.官方尚未透露佩泽希齐扬是否会与中国领导人习近平举行正式会晤。不久前在吉尔吉斯斯坦举行的地区安全峰会上，习近平与佩泽希齐扬仅在会议间隙短暂会面，并未安排单独的双边会晤。That fueled speculation that Beijing was unhappy over the war and the closure of the Strait of Hormuz. Mr. Xi could have also been distancing himself from Tehran to avoid provoking President Trump, whom he is scheduled to meet in Washington later this month.这引发了外界对北京是否对这场战争以及霍尔木兹海峡关闭感到不满的猜测。习近平也可能是在刻意与德黑兰保持距离，以免激怒特朗普——按计划，他本月晚些时候将在华盛顿与特朗普会晤。Any substantive meeting between the leaders “could help clarify whether China still sees Iran as a strategic partner worth investing political capital in at a moment of acute pressure, or whether Beijing is increasingly keeping Tehran at arm’s length,” said Hamidreza Azizi, senior Iran analyst at the International Crisis Group.国际危机组织的伊朗问题高级分析师哈米德雷扎·阿齐兹表示，两位领导人之间若能举行实质性会晤，“可能有助于厘清：在压力巨大的时刻，中国是仍将伊朗视为值得投入政治资本的战略伙伴，还是日益与德黑兰保持距离”。新德里街头印有普京、莫迪与习近平肖像的金砖国家峰会海报。这是中国领导人七年来首次访印。Perhaps more important to China was Mr. Xi’s meeting with Mr. Modi later in the day.对中国来说，也许更重要的是习近平当天晚些时候与莫迪的会晤。Mr. Xi’s visit is the first he has made to India in seven years, and is a sign of the continued stabilization of relations between Beijing and New Delhi. Ties hit a low in 2020 following a clash of Indian and Chinese forces in a disputed border region.这是习近平七年来首次访问印度，标志着中印关系持续走向稳定。两国关系曾在2020年因双方军队在一个存在争议的边境地区发生冲突而跌入低谷。During talks on Saturday, Mr. Modi and Mr. Xi discussed reaching a “mutually acceptable resolution” to the border issues, according to India’s foreign ministry.据印度外交部透露，在周六的会谈中，莫迪与习近平就边境问题探讨了达成"双方均可接受的解决方案"的可能性。Mr. Xi called for “peace and stability” in the border region and said China and India were “partners, not adversaries,” according to Chinese state media.据中国官方媒体报道，习近平呼吁维护边境地区“和平安宁”，并表示中国和印度是“合作伙伴而不是对手”。For South Africa, It’s Complicated.对南非来说，情况很复杂Other leaders brought their own awkward entanglements with the group’s Western-skeptic tilt.其他领导人也带着各自与这个对西方持怀疑态度的集团之间复杂而尴尬的关系而来。President Cyril Ramaphosa of South Africa shares Mr. Modi’s preference for using BRICS to build relationships across the globe. But the coalition has also created diplomatic headaches for Pretoria.南非总统拉马福萨与莫迪一样，都倾向于利用金砖国家来与世界各地建立关系。但与此同时，这一联盟也给南非带来了不少外交上的头疼问题。In January, South Africa was criticized by the Trump administration for allowing Iran to participate in BRICS naval drills off the South African coast. Mr. Ramaphosa said that China was running the exercises and that South African waters were chosen because of the convenient location.今年1月，特朗普政府批评南非允许伊朗参加在南非海岸附近举行的金砖国家海军演习。拉马福萨说，演习由中国负责组织，而之所以选择南非水域，是因为地理位置便利。South African officials have been disappointed that the bloc has not been able to reach consensus opinions on divisive conflicts like the wars in Iran and Gaza, said David Africa, an international relations analyst based in Cape Town.据开普敦国际关系分析师戴维·阿非利加表示，南非官员一直对金砖国家未能就伊朗战争、加沙战争等引发严重分歧的冲突达成共识感到失望。“South Africa has knocked its head and realizes it won’t extract much diplomatically on the issues it’s concerned about,” Mr. Africa said. Instead, he said, South Africa is likely to focus on economic issues like trade, business and development at the summit.“南非碰了壁，也意识到，在它所关切的这些问题上，靠外交手段很难捞到多少好处，”阿非利加说道。他表示,南非此次峰会很可能会转而聚焦贸易、商业和发展等经济议题。Demoting the Dollar?削弱美元地位？One of the BRICS group’s most ambitious economic goals is to reduce global reliance on the dollar.金砖国家最具雄心的经济目标之一就是降低全球对美元的依赖。“De-dollarization,” as the effort is known, would throw a lifeline to countries like Russia and Iran, which have struggled to pay for imported goods since the United States and other Western countries restricted their access to the dollar.这项被称为“去美元化”的努力将为俄罗斯和伊朗等国提供一条生命线——自美国和其他西方国家限制它们获取美元以来，这些国家一直难以支付进口商品的货款。The dollar’s status as the world’s reserve currency is an “exorbitant privilege” for the United States, economists say — and it’s a privilege that Mr. Trump intends to keep. At the start of his second term, he wrote that any country trying to “create a new BRICS Currency” to circumvent the dollar could “say goodbye to selling into the beautiful U.S. economy.”经济学家表示，美元作为世界储备货币的地位是美国享有的一种“过度特权”——而这正是特朗普打算继续保住的特权。在他第二任期开始时，他曾写道，任何试图“创建新的金砖货币”来绕开美元的国家都“别想再向美丽的美国经济卖东西了”。An alternative reserve currency is not realistic at this point. But many countries that benefit from having the dollar as the world’s standard legal tender — India, for instance, which fears a financial future dominated by China — still want to see its dominance decrease. India has proposed that BRICS countries should link their banking systems more directly, allowing them to pay debts to one another without converting sums into dollars.就目前而言，打造一种替代性储备货币并不现实。但许多从美元作为世界标准法定货币中受益的国家——例如担心未来金融格局被中国主导的印度——仍然希望看到美元主导地位的削弱。印度提议，金砖国家应当让各国银行体系更加直接地连接起来，使彼此间的债务清偿无需再经过美元兑换。It is already buying oil from Russia using rupees and rubles.印度已经在用卢比和卢布购买俄罗斯石油。Valerie Hopkins自莫斯科、Rania Khaled自开罗、John Eligon自约翰内斯堡、Yeganeh Torbati自伊斯坦布尔对本文有报道贡献。David Pierson报道中国外交政策和中国与世界的经济与文化交互。他从事新闻工作已超过20年。Alex Travelli是时报驻新德里记者，报道印度和南亚其他地区的商业和经济新闻。翻译：纽约时报中文网点击查看本文英文版。