储百亮2026年9月22日2025年，张又侠在北京人民大会堂。 Tingshu Wang/ReutersChina’s Communist Party leaders expelled the country’s former top general, Zhang Youxia, from the party on Monday, accusing him of crimes and misdeeds ranging from taking bribes to disloyalty to the party.周一，中国共产党领导人将该国前最高将领张又侠开除党籍，指控他犯下从受贿到对党不忠等一系列罪行和不当行为。The announcement by the Politburo, a council of 21 top officials, said that the accusations against Mr. Zhang and his former subordinate, Liu Zhenli — who was also expelled from the party — would be handed to military prosecutors. That step makes the prosecution of the two fallen generals almost inevitable.由21名高级官员组成的政治局在公告中表示，对张又侠及其同样被开除党籍的前下属刘振立的指控将移交军事检察机关。此举意味着这两名落马将领几乎必然面临起诉。Their expulsion “opens the way to a military trial which will undoubtedly impose a harsh sentence,” said Drew Thompson, a former Pentagon official who in 2012 helped host Gen. Zhang on a visit to the United States.将他们开除党籍“为军事审判铺平了道路，毫无疑问他们将被判处重刑”，曾在2012年协助接待张又侠访美的前五角大楼官员德鲁·汤普森说。The abrupt removal of the generals from their commands in January was one of the biggest political shocks in China in years. It touched off speculation about why Mr. Zhang had fallen out with the country’s top leader, Xi Jinping, who had promoted him to become the top uniformed commander of the People’s Liberation Army and had kept him in office beyond the customary retirement age.今年1月，这些将领被突然被免去指挥职务，这是近年来中国最大的政治冲击之一。这令外界猜测张又侠与中国最高领导人习近平之间关系为何破裂。习近平曾提拔张又侠成为中国人民解放军最高级别的现役指挥官，并让他打破惯例，在超过退休年龄后继续留任。Investigators found that Mr. Zhang and Mr. Liu had abused their positions to help others gain promotions, taken “exceptionally large” bribes, and failed to rein in the misconduct of relatives and subordinates, said the statement from the Politburo meeting, which was issued through the Xinhua news agency.通过新华社发布的政治局会议声明称，调查人员发现，张又侠和刘振立滥用职权，帮助他人谋取职务晋升，收受“金额特别巨大”的贿赂，且未能约束亲属和下属的不当行为。But the statement also pointed to the political reasons for their downfall. It accused them of betraying the party and, by implication, Mr. Xi, and forming their own cabal. They had “fallen away from the party in heart and mind” and had “seriously violated political discipline and political norms, engaged in cliques, and were disloyal and dishonest toward the party,” it said.但该声明也指出了他们倒台的政治原因。声明指责他们背叛了党——言下之意也背叛了习近平，并拉帮结派。声明称他们“与党离心离德”，并且“严重违反政治纪律和政治规矩，搞团团伙伙，对党不忠诚不老实”。The wording of the official accusations suggested that both men were accused of trying to amass influence and followers in the military, partly by promoting their own minions, said James Char, an assistant professor at Nanyang Technological University in Singapore who studies the Chinese military. Mr. Zhang had been all but certain to retire at the next Communist Party congress late next year.新加坡南洋理工大学研究中国军队的助理教授詹姆斯·夏尔表示，官方指控的措辞表明，两人都被指控试图在军队中培植影响力和追随者，部分手段是提拔自己的亲信。张又侠原本几乎肯定会在明年年底的下届中共党代会上退休。“It’s clearly a suggestion that there was sort of faction forming going on behind the scenes,” he said in a telephone interview, “that they were trying to make sure that they could retain some level of influence even after retirement by having their protégés put in charge of important positions.”“这清楚地表明幕后存在某种结党营私的行为，”他在接受电话采访时说，“他们试图让自己的门生担任重要职务，确保即使在退休后也能保持一定程度的影响力。”The Politburo’s public statement did not provide details of the accusations leveled against the men. The wide-ranging allegations, however, indicated how deeply Mr. Xi had lost confidence in many members of the military command, right up to the top.政治局的公开声明并未提供针对两人指控的具体细节。然而，这些广泛的指控表明，习近平对军队指挥层的许多成员已极度失去信任，甚至直到最高层。Mr. Xi and Mr. Zhang, 76, had once been allies, bonded by their shared upbringing as the sons of senior officials. Mr. Xi turned to the commander to help push through a difficult, and contentious, overhaul of the military.习近平与76岁的张又侠曾是盟友，两人因同为中共高干子弟的成长背景而结下交情。习近平曾倚重这位将领来协助推行一项艰难且充满争议的军队改革。The simultaneous removal of the two generals early this year was the culmination of a series of purges across the People’s Liberation Army that has left dozens of command posts still officially empty.今年早些时候，这两名将军被同时免职，将涉及整个中国人民解放军的一系列清洗推向了高潮。该行动导致在官方记录中目前仍有数十个指挥岗位处于空缺状态。Beginning with a spreading scandal in the P.L.A. Rocket Force in 2023, Mr. Xi appeared to conclude that his previous efforts to clean up the military had failed. By earlier this year, more than 100 senior officers, including some retired ones, had been put under investigation or had simply disappeared — presumably detained — according to an analysis published by the Center for Strategic and International Studies.从2023年中国人民解放军火箭军爆发不断蔓延的丑闻开始，习近平似乎得出结论，他之前清理军队的努力失败了。根据战略与国际问题研究中心发表的分析，到今年早些时候，已有100多名高级军官（包括一些退役军官）被调查或直接失踪——据推测已被拘留。The Central Military Commission, through which the Communist Party controls the military, had seven members in 2022, including Mr. Xi as chairman and General Zhang as his most senior deputy. Today, there are only two members: Mr. Xi and Gen. Zhang Shengmin, the commander who has overseen the sweeping investigations and purges.共产党用来控制军队的中央军事委员会在2022年有七名委员，包括担任主席的习近平和担任其最高级别副手的张又侠。如今，该委员会只剩下两名成员：习近平和负责监督此次全面调查和清洗行动的张升民将军。So far, Mr. Xi has moved slowly to replace some purged commanders. Throughout this year, military officers have been undergoing indoctrination sessions intended to reinforce their discipline and loyalty to the party and Mr. Xi.到目前为止，习近平在物色被清洗将领的接替人选方面动作缓慢。贯穿今年全年，军官们一直在接受思想教育，旨在强化纪律性以及对党和习近平的忠诚。Many foreign experts believe that the removals of the commanders, plus the accompanying disruption, have damaged the Chinese military’s readiness for major operations, including against Taiwan, the island-democracy that rejects Beijing’s claim of sovereignty over it.许多外国专家认为，指挥官的免职以及随之而来的动荡损害了中国军队执行重大行动的战备状态，包括针对台湾的行动——这个实行民主制度的岛屿拒绝北京对其主权的主张。But a page-length commentary in the Chinese military’s main newspaper this month argued that the drive for political loyalty and reliability would ultimately make the People’s Liberation Army better on the battlefield.但本月中国军队主要报纸上发表的一篇整版评论文章认为，追求政治上的忠诚和可靠最终将使中国人民解放军在战场上更加出色。“Looking back at the stormy years of war, how was our military able to vanquish powerful enemies despite its poor equipment and harsh, perilous conditions?” said the commentary in the Liberation Army Daily. “That was due not just to the courage to fight, but also thanks to unwavering loyalty to the party.”“回望烽火岁月，为什么我军能够在装备落后、条件艰苦的险境之中屡克强敌？不是单凭斗争的勇气，而是源于铁心向党的政治忠诚，”《解放军报》的这篇评论文章写道。储百亮(Chris Buckley)是《纽约时报》首席中国记者，自台北报道中国和台湾问题，重点关注政治、社会变革以及安全和军事问题。翻译：纽约时报中文网点击查看本文英文版。获取更多RSS：https://feedx.net https://feedx.site