ERICA L. GREEN2026年9月24日数周来，在准备以“莫大的荣幸”于华盛顿接待中国国家主席习近平之际，特朗普总统一直对有关中国违规行为的报道轻描淡写，或为其开脱。 Kenny Holston/The New York TimesIn the weeks leading up to President Trump welcoming President Xi Jinping of China to Washington on Wednesday evening, Beijing has been accused of undermining America’s national interests on a number of fronts.在特朗普总统周三晚间于华盛顿迎接中国国家主席习近平之前的几周里，北京被指在多个方面损害美国的国家利益。Mr. Trump accused the country this summer of “sinister election meddling” in the 2020 election, a breach he considered so historic he presented the claims in a prime-time address. Since the start of the war with Iran, Chinese companies have provided Tehran with satellite imagery, and access to a spy satellite, that Iran’s military forces have used to mount attacks in the region, according to multiple U.S. officials. And Beijing has shown no signs of retreating from its business dealings with Iran, in defiance of U.S. efforts to cut off economic lifelines to Tehran.今年夏天，特朗普指责中国在2020年大选中进行了“险恶的选举干预”，他认为这一行为造成的破坏具有历史意义，因此在黄金时段发表讲话，公布了相关指控。自对伊朗战争开始以来，据多名美国官员称，中国企业向德黑兰提供了卫星图像以及一颗间谍卫星的使用权限，伊朗军方利用这些资源在该地区发动多次袭击。而且，面对美国试图切断德黑兰经济命脉的行动，北京没有表现出任何要停止与伊朗商业往来的迹象。But as his meeting with Mr. Xi approached, Mr. Trump has repeatedly found ways to give him a pass — portraying him more as a personal friend than as a geopolitical competitor despite significant rivalries on matters of global power, trade, artificial intelligence and more.但随着与习近平会晤的临近，特朗普却一再设法对他网开一面。尽管双方在全球影响力、贸易、人工智能等诸多问题上存在重大竞争，他却更多地把习近平描绘成自己的私人朋友，而非地缘政治竞争对手。Mr. Trump has spent weeks boosting the visit as a major event for the United States, sprucing up the White House beforehand, and planning for a state visit that will start with a rare greeting at Joint Base Andrews.数周来，特朗普一直在为习近平的到访造势，将其宣传为美国的一件大事；提前对白宫进行了一番修缮布置，并筹划了一场国事访问，开场将是他罕见地亲赴安德鲁斯空军基地举行迎接仪式。Even staunch allies of Mr. Trump have bristled at the plans.就连特朗普的坚定盟友也对这些安排颇有微词。参议员罗杰·威克表示，他希望特朗普就“中国大规模扩军的目的，以及中国对伊朗的明显支持”向习近平施压。On Tuesday, Senator Roger Wicker, Republican of Mississippi and chairman of the Senate Armed Services Committee, said in a speech on the Senate floor that he would have advised against the invitation to the “brutal, unelected and oppressive dictator who seeks to dominate his neighbors and whose massive military arsenal is aimed directly at the United States of America.”周二，密西西比州共和党参议员、参议院军事委员会主席罗杰·威克在参议院发表讲话说，如果征求他的意见，他会建议不要邀请这位“残暴、未经选举产生、实行压迫统治的独裁者；此人企图称霸邻国，其庞大的军事武库直接瞄准美利坚合众国”。Mr. Wicker said he hoped Mr. Trump would press Mr. Xi on “the purposes of China’s massive military buildup, or about China’s clear support for Iran.”威克说，他希望特朗普就“中国大规模扩军的目的，以及中国对伊朗的明显支持”向习近平施压。Responding to Mr. Wicker’s comments, Secretary of State Marco Rubio said the visit reflected an acknowledgment by Mr. Trump that despite disagreements, China is one of the largest economic and military powers in the world.针对威克的言论，国务卿鲁比奥回应称，此次访问体现出特朗普认识到，尽管双方存在分歧，中国仍是世界上最大的经济与军事力量之一。“The relationship between the United States and China will define the 21st century, what happens in that relationship,” Mr. Rubio said. “The idea that we would not interact with them at the highest levels is irresponsible. It’s outrageous. We have to.”“美中关系将定义21世纪，美中关系将决定21世纪，决定这个世纪会发生什么，”鲁比奥说，“认为我们不应在最高层级上与他们互动，这种想法是不负责任的，是荒谬的。我们必须这样做。”Foreign policy experts say that Mr. Trump’s posture has been striking even for a president who prides himself on his personal brand of diplomacy.外交政策专家表示，即便对于一位以个人外交为傲的总统来说，特朗普的姿态也格外引人注目。“Trump is displaying an extraordinary degree of deference to Xi,” said Julian Gewirtz, a scholar at Columbia University who has written on the history of U.S.-China relations. “He is lavishing honors on China’s leader while downplaying threats to American interests. Beijing could scarcely have asked for a more accommodating host.”“特朗普对习近平表现出了非同寻常的顺从，”研究美中关系史的哥伦比亚大学学者朱利安·格维茨说。“他给予中国领导人极高礼遇，同时淡化对美国利益的威胁。北京方面几乎不可能遇到一个更迁就自己的东道主了。”Mr. Gewirtz, who also served a former White House and State Department official working on China under President Joseph R. Biden Jr., said that traditionally it has been Beijing that has sought out a state visit. This time, he said, the dynamic seems reversed. What Mr. Trump emerges with from all of the spectacle will be a test of his brand of diplomacy, which emphasizes personal ties.格维茨曾在拜登总统任内担任白宫和国务院负责中国事务的官员。他说，过去通常是北京方面寻求进行国事访问，而这一次，双方的态势似乎反了过来。特朗普从这一系列引人注目的场面中究竟能收获什么，将是对他那套强调私人关系的外交风格的考验。“Washington has often leveraged symbolic honors to seek substantive gains from Beijing,” he said. “So the question is straightforward: What is Trump getting for America in return for all this ceremony?”“华盛顿过去常常利用象征性的礼遇，来换取北京方面在实质问题上的让步，”他说。“所以问题很简单：特朗普用这一整套隆重礼遇究竟为美国换来了什么？”In a call with reporters, White House officials said the agenda with Mr. Xi will include topics like artificial intelligence, fentanyl and the upcoming expiration of a trade truce.在与记者的电话吹风会上，白宫官员表示，此次与习近平的会谈议程将涉及人工智能、芬太尼以及即将到期的贸易休战协议等议题。Asked whether the president planned to raise Mr. Trump’s allegations that China interfered in the 2020 election, the White House had no comment.当被问及总统是否打算提出他此前关于中国干预2020年大选的指控时，白宫没有发表评论。一名要求匿名的白宫官员指出，美国已采取多项措施对中国经济造成了影响，包括对美出口显著下降。Another White House official pushed back against the premise that Mr. Trump was overly deferential to Mr. Xi. The official pointed to a number of measures the United States has taken that have affected China’s economy, including a marked decline on exports to the United States.另一名白宫官员则反驳了特朗普对习近平过于迁就的说法。这名官员列举了美国采取的多项影响中国经济的措施，其中包括中国对美出口的明显下降。The person said the United States has targeted some entities that have been found to support Iran — though no major banks — and that other measures are in the works behind the scenes that have not yet been announced.这名官员说，美国已对部分被查实支持伊朗的实体实施了制裁——不过其中没有大型银行——此外还有其他措施正在幕后推进，尚未公布。The officials spoke on condition of anonymity to discuss the visit ahead of time.由于是在访问开始前讨论相关情况，这些官员均要求匿名。(Last month, when Mr. Trump was asked why he was not targeting Chinese banks the way he was generally targeting allies like Canada, he snapped back: “Well, who said I’m not? You said, why not. I mean, who said I’m not. You don’t know if I’m doing it. Well, I don’t have to announce everything, do I?”)（上个月，当特朗普被问到为什么没有像通常针对加拿大等盟友那样针对中国的银行时，他厉声反驳道：“谁说我没有？你问为什么没有。我的意思是，谁说我没有？你又不知道我有没有这么做。我没必要什么事都公之于众，对吧？”）A Treasury Department spokesman said in a follow-up email that Secretary Scott Bessent, who is spearheading the so-called “Operation Economic Outcast” operation, has made it clear to China that it will not hesitate to hold them accountable for supporting Iran economically.财政部一名发言人随后在电子邮件中表示，牵头所谓“经济放逐行动”的财政部长斯科特·贝森特已经向中国明确表示，对于中国在经济上支持伊朗，美国会毫不犹豫地追究其责任。In recent weeks, when pressed about China’s behavior, Mr. Trump at several points seemed to make excuses for Mr. Xi.最近几周，当被追问中国的行为时，特朗普有好几次似乎都在替习近平开脱。During an Oval Office event this month in which he called the war in Iran “small potatoes,” Mr. Trump suggested that China’s aid to Iran was negligible because of his personal plea.本月在白宫椭圆形办公室的一场活动上，特朗普称伊朗战争是“小事一桩”，并暗示由于他亲自出面提出了请求，中国对伊朗的援助微不足道。“I said, please don’t get involved to President Xi — I have a very good relationship,” Mr. Trump said. “And they’re not really involved. Very little involvement by China. China could have plenty of involvement. They get 50 percent of the oil from the Hormuz strait.”“我对习近平主席说，请不要介入——我和他关系非常好，”特朗普说。“他们实际上没有怎么介入。中国介入得非常少。中国本来可以大举介入。他们有50%的石油要经过霍尔木兹海峡。”中国没有表现出任何要减少与伊朗商业往来的迹象，公然无视美国在全球范围内切断德黑兰经济命脉的行动。Later in the month, when asked about reports that Chinese entities may have provided the Iranians with satellite imagery that led to deadly strikes on U.S. forces in Jordan, again Mr. Trump demurred.当月晚些时候，当被问及有关中国实体可能向伊朗提供卫星图像、帮助伊朗发动造成驻约旦美军死亡的袭击的报道时，特朗普再次避而不答。“They basically do what we do,” he said.“基本上他们做的和我们一样，”他说。“Are you going to raise that with Xi when he visits?” a reporter asked.“习近平来访时，你会向他提出这件事吗？”一名记者问。“I think he’s behaved reasonably well, and we behave reasonably well,” Mr. Trump said. “You know when they say that China spies on us, I say you’re right, and we spy on them too. You know, we spy on them too.”“我认为他的表现还算不错，我们的表现也还算不错，”特朗普说。“你知道，当他们说中国刺探我们的情报时，我会说，你说得对，我们也刺探他们的情报。你知道，我们也刺探他们的情报。”Pressed during a Fox News interview about what Mr. Xi may want from his visit, Mr. Trump pivoted to his consistent refrain: “You know, he and I get along very well.”在接受福克斯新闻采访、被问及习近平可能希望从此次访问中得到什么时，特朗普再次搬出了他一贯的说辞：“你知道，他和我处得非常好。”That the visit comes after Mr. Trump has spent weeks escalating attacks on America’s allies presents a particularly jarring split-screen, several foreign policy analysts say.多名外交政策分析人士指出，这次访问恰逢特朗普连续数周不断升级对美国盟友的攻击言论之际，两相对照，形成了尤其强烈的反差。“There’s a rule of international politics that American presidents normally follow: treat your allies better than your adversaries,” said R. Nicholas Burns, the top U.S. diplomat in Beijing under the Biden administration. “And we don’t want to give the impression to our allies that we actually care more about this relationship with Xi Jinping than we care about the relationship with them. I think the president is giving that impression by being so unremittingly uncritical of the Chinese.”“国际政治有一条美国历任总统通常都会遵循的规则：对盟友的态度理应好于对对手的态度，”拜登政府时期的美国驻华大使尼古拉斯·伯恩斯说。“我们不希望让盟友产生这样的印象：相比与他们的关系，我们其实更重视与习近平的关系。我认为，总统对中国如此不加批评正在给人造成这种印象。”Mr. Burns added that Mr. Trump’s tactics are unlikely to work on China, which he said responds to strength.伯恩斯还说，特朗普的这套策略不太可能在中国身上奏效，因为在他看来，中国只会对实力做出回应。“They are practical, hardheaded, cynical about the United States,” Mr. Burns said. “They’re going to judge us, I think, by how strong we are and how much we push back when we have to push back. I think the Chinese understand power and deterrence. They’ll be swayed more and affected more by a strong American position than they will by flattery.”“他们务实、强硬，对美国抱有怀疑，”伯恩斯说。“我认为，他们会根据我们有多强大以及在必要时的反击力度来判断我们。我认为中国人理解实力和威慑。相比奉承，美国采取强硬立场更能影响到他们。”If previous summits are any indication, Mr. Trump’s pageantry and flattery to impress Mr. Xi won’t go far, analysts say. When the two met in Korea last year to de-escalate a fierce trade war, for example, Mr. Trump did most of the talking and Mr. Xi stayed largely silent. Mr. Trump called Mr. Xi “a friend of mine” and called him “powerful.” The Chinese president approached the meeting with caution and steeliness. In his remarks, Mr. Xi likened China-U.S. relations to a “giant ship” that requires steady joint leadership.分析人士说，如果以过去的峰会为参照，特朗普试图以盛大排场和奉承给习近平留下深刻印象，不会产生多大作用。例如，两人去年在韩国会晤、试图缓和激烈的贸易战时，大部分时间都是特朗普在讲话，习近平基本保持沉默。特朗普称习近平是“我的朋友”，还说他是“强有力的领导人”。习近平则以谨慎而强硬的态度参加会晤。在讲话中，他把中美关系比作一艘需要双方稳健共同掌舵的“大船”。The two leaders come to the U.S. summit in vastly different positions, said Jonathan A. Czin, a researcher at the Brookings Institution who previously worked at the C.I.A. analyzing Chinese politics.曾在中央情报局从事中国政治分析工作、现为布鲁金斯学会研究员的秦江南(Jonathan A. Czin)表示，两位领导人此次在美国举行峰会所处的形势可谓截然不同。Mr. Xi arrives with time on his side, hoping to buy more for relief from U.S. pressure, as he plans for a fourth term that will keep him in power for another five years. Mr. Trump is facing a midterm election in a few weeks in which his party has an uphill battle as a result of some of his policies.习近平占据时间上的优势，他希望借此为自己争取更多喘息空间，以缓解来自美方的压力——毕竟他正在为即将到来的第四个任期做准备，这将使他继续执掌大权五年之久。特朗普则将在几周后面临中期选举，由于他的一些政策，其所在政党面临一场艰难的选战。“Xi is going to walk into this meeting and is going to be keenly aware of the fact that just weeks from now, Trump is in all likelihood going to be at best a lame-duck president, and at worst, he’s going to be politically maimed at home and have to deal with divided government,” Mr. Czin said.“习近平走进这场会晤时，会非常清楚地意识到一个事实：再过几个星期，特朗普很可能最好的结果是成为一名跛脚鸭总统；最坏的情况下，他在国内政治上将遭受重创，还不得不面对一个分裂的政府，” 秦江南说。He continued: “Xi is already thinking about ‘How am I going to keep this gentlemen’s agreement going with the United States,’ buying that time, and already thinking about what comes after Trump.”他接着说：“习近平已经在思考，‘我怎样才能让与美国达成的这项君子协定继续维持下去’，从而争取时间；而且他已经在考虑特朗普卸任之后的局面该如何应对。”Mr. Trump has long had an affinity for autocrats. He regularly boasts about his relationship with Russian President Vladimir Putin. This summer he trumpeted what he said was his good relationship with North Korea’s dictator, Kim Jong-un, while canceling long-running military exercises with South Korea, a U.S. ally.特朗普向来对威权领导人抱有好感。他时常炫耀自己与俄罗斯总统普京的关系。今年夏天,他还大肆宣扬自己与朝鲜独裁者金正恩之间所谓的良好关系。同时却取消了与美国盟友韩国之间由来已久的联合军事演习。Ruth Ben-Ghiat, a historian at New York University who studies fascism and authoritarianism, said that Mr. Trump has always admired Mr. Xi as having the kind of power he covets.纽约大学研究法西斯主义与威权主义的历史学家露丝·本-吉亚特表示，特朗普一直以来都很欣赏习近平，因为后者拥有他所渴求的那种权力。She pointed out that Mr. Trump’s doomsday declaration last month that “communism is the greatest threat to our country in its history,” had no bearing on Mr. Trump’s “fawning” over the leader of one of the powerful communist countries.她指出，特朗普上个月曾发出末日般的警告，称“共产主义是我国历史上面临的最大威胁”，但这丝毫没有影响特朗普对一个强大共产党国家领导人的“奉承讨好”。She also pointed to Mr. Trump’s latest defense of China’s government last week when a reporter raised that it was one of the most repressive countries in the world for journalists. Mr. Trump interrupted the reporter’s question, responding: “Well, I don’t know about that. I think we’re repressive also.” (That same day he would ban news organizations whose coverage he doesn’t like from the White House grounds).她还提到，上周有记者提出中国是全球对新闻记者压制最为严厉的国家之一时，特朗普再度为中国政府进行了辩护。特朗普打断了那名记者的提问，回应道：“这个嘛，我倒不这么认为。我觉得我们自己也挺压制的。”（就在同一天，他宣布禁止他不满其报道内容的新闻机构进入白宫区域。）“This meeting of head of states has importance for the optics it generates,” Ms. Ben-Ghiat said. “Two powerful strongmen, meeting as equals, at least in Trump’s mind — and for the potential for deals conducted in a nontransparent fashion.”本-吉亚特说，“这次国家元首会晤的重要性在于它所制造出的视觉效果——两位强大的铁腕人物以对等身份会面，至少在特朗普看来是如此。此外还在于以不透明方式达成交易的可能性。”Erica L. Green是时报白宫记者，报道特朗普总统及其政府。翻译：纽约时报中文网点击查看本文英文版。