ANA SWANSON2026年9月23日特朗普总统与中国领导人习近平去年在韩国。特朗普放宽了向中国及其他国家提供人工智能技术的限制。 Haiyun Jiang/The New York TimesU.S. and Chinese officials are setting up a dialogue about artificial intelligence and a hotline to report national security risks from the technology. The United States is lodging criticisms with China over its companies’ copying American A.I. models. And a state dinner hosting China’s leader on Thursday is expected to be attended by some of America’s biggest A.I. and tech titans, including executives from OpenAI, Google and Nvidia.美国和中国官员正在筹建一个关于人工智能的对话机制，并设立热线，用于通报这项技术带来的国家安全风险。美国正就中国企业复制美国人工智能模型一事向中方提出批评。周四为中国领导人举行的国宴预计将有美国一些最重量级的人工智能和科技界巨头出席，包括OpenAI、谷歌和英伟达的高管。A.I. is front and center as officials from the United States and China meet this week in New York and Washington. But with technological competition between the countries so intense, and little consensus within the United States about the path forward on A.I. regulation, experts do not expect much headway.本周美中官员在纽约和华盛顿会晤时，人工智能是核心议题。但鉴于两国之间的科技竞争如此激烈，且美国国内对人工智能监管的前进方向缺乏共识，专家预计会谈不会取得太大进展。Concerns are mounting in the United States about potential threats from A.I., after warnings from A.I. researchers and incidents when A.I. agents escaped their training environments and hacked websites. Many U.S. officials worry that A.I. could enhance China’s ability to launch cyberattacks on the United States or crack military codes. Some believe the Trump administration should be doing more to limit China’s access to American chips and other A.I. technology.在人工智能研究人员发出警告，以及出现AI智能体脱离训练环境并入侵网站的事件后，美国国内对人工智能潜在威胁的担忧日益加剧。许多美国官员担心，人工智能可能增强中国对美国发动网络攻击或破解军事密码的能力。一些人认为，特朗普政府应采取更多措施限制中国获取美国芯片及其他人工智能技术。But President Trump has taken a laissez-faire approach. The only guardrails A.I. needs are a “strong and smart president,” he has said.但特朗普总统采取了放任自流的做法。他曾表示，人工智能唯一需要的护栏是一个“强大而聪明的总统”。“Whoever wins AI, WINS! We are leading now over China, and everyone else, and I’m going to keep it that way!” Mr. Trump wrote on social media on Monday. “I’m not going to stifle Growth, of something that will be bigger than the Industrial Revolution, or the Internet, itself.”“谁赢得人工智能，谁就是赢家！我们现在领先于中国，也领先于其他所有国家，我会让这种局面保持下去！”特朗普周一在社交媒体上写道。“我不会扼杀一项将比工业革命、甚至互联网本身更为重要的技术的发展。”Mr. Trump has opposed state regulation of A.I. And he has largely supported Nvidia’s selling the computer chips that fuel A.I. models abroad, relaxing restrictions the Biden administration set on providing the technology to China and other nations.特朗普不赞成对人工智能进行国家监管。他也基本支持英伟达向海外销售驱动人工智能模型的计算机芯片，放松了拜登政府时期对向中国及其他国家提供该技术所设的限制。The administration has granted a limited number of licenses this year to Nvidia to sell its H200 chip to China. Nvidia and its supporters argue that not selling the chips creates an opportunity for Chinese companies like Huawei to master their own A.I. chip technology.今年，特朗普政府向英伟达发放了一定数量的许可证，允许它向中国销售H200芯片。英伟达及其支持者认为，如果不向中国出售这些芯片，就会给华为等中国企业提供机会，使其掌握自己的人工智能芯片技术。The Trump administration is also widely expected to extend a trade truce with China that includes an agreement to pause sanctions on thousands of Chinese companies.外界还普遍预计，特朗普政府将延长与中国达成的贸易休战协议，其中包括暂停对数千家中国企业实施制裁的安排。Lawmakers are considering legislation that could impose tougher limits on the sale of chips and chipmaking equipment to China, but it is unclear if the bills have enough votes to pass.议员们正在审议一项旨在更严格限制对华销售芯片及芯片制造设备的法案，但它能否获得足够票数通过，目前尚不清楚。In a letter to Mr. Trump on Tuesday, Senator Elizabeth Warren, Democrat of Massachusetts, accused the president of accommodating the A.I. industry’s demands and said she was concerned he would double down on a “dangerous approach to artificial intelligence” in talks with Xi Jinping, the leader of China.马萨诸塞州民主党参议员伊丽莎白·沃伦周二致信特朗普，指责总统迎合人工智能行业的要求，并表示她担心特朗普在与中国领导人习近平会谈时，会加码推行其在人工智能问题上的“危险做法”。Ms. Warren said that Mr. Trump had used a previous meeting with Mr. Xi to advance the interests of tech leaders including Jensen Huang, Nvidia’s chief executive, who accompanied Mr. Trump on his trip to Beijing this year. She added that Mr. Huang would be called before Congress next year.沃伦表示，特朗普曾利用此前与习近平的一次会晤来推动科技行业领袖的利益，其中包括英伟达首席执行官黄仁勋；黄仁勋今年曾陪同特朗普访问北京。她还说，黄仁勋明年将被传唤到国会作证。“The American people expect you to press President Xi about the risks of A.I. and work with China and countries around the world to set rules and regulations for this technology,” Ms. Warren wrote to Mr. Trump.“美国人民期待你就人工智能的风险向习主席施压，并与中国以及世界各国合作，为这项技术制定规则和监管制度，”沃伦在给特朗普的信中写道。Scott Bessent, the Treasury secretary, who plays a leading role in negotiating with China, has acknowledged the threat that A.I.-driven attacks might pose to U.S. stability and the financial system.在对华谈判中发挥主导作用的财政部长斯科特·贝森特承认，人工智能驱动的攻击可能对美国的稳定和金融体系构成威胁。Speaking after a meeting with his Chinese counterparts on Sunday, Mr. Bessent said that the United States and China had discussed creating a notification system for national security issues related to A.I.贝森特周日与中方官员会晤后表示，双方讨论了建立针对人工智能相关国家安全问题的通报机制。On CNBC on Monday, Mr. Bessent said that “the important thing was to start talking.” The sides agreed to meet on A.I. again, probably in two months in Shenzhen, and would consider “what the leading A.I. dangers are, whether it’s uncontrollable agents, whether it’s nonstate actors, and cyber nonstate actors in bioweapons,” he said.贝森特周一接受CNBC采访时表示，“重要的是开始对话。”他说，双方同意再次就人工智能举行会晤，时间可能是两个月后，地点在深圳，并将讨论“人工智能最主要的危险是什么，是失控的智能体还是非国家行为者，抑或利用生物武器的网络非国家行为者”。Some experts praised the idea of more dialogue on A.I. between the countries.一些专家对两国就人工智能展开更多对话的想法表示赞赏。“I think industry from both countries feels there’s a need to at least have some sort of A.I. governance conversation,” said Eric Zheng, the president of the American Chamber of Commerce in Shanghai.“我认为，两国业界都觉得，至少有必要就人工智能治理进行某种形式的对话，”上海美国商会会长郑艺说。But many analysts have said that talks are more likely to result in an exchange of definitions and principles than concrete actions. The U.S. government asks American companies to submit their most sophisticated A.I. models for government review, but it has not made a similar request about the type of open-source A.I. models developed by Chinese companies.但许多分析人士表示，会谈更有可能停留在交换定义和原则层面，而不是产生具体行动。美国政府要求美国企业将其最先进的人工智能模型提交政府审查，但并未对中国公司开发的那种开源人工智能模型提出类似要求。Aalok Mehta, an analyst at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, said that the United States and China had some common ground. Chinese policymakers had also been thinking about A.I. safety and considering more intervention to gain insight into A.I. labs.战略与国际问题研究中心分析师阿洛克·梅塔表示，美中确实存在一些共同点。中国的政策制定者也一直在思考人工智能安全问题，并考虑采取更多干预措施，以便深入了解人工智能实验室的情况。But any A.I. talks will be complicated by the fact that neither country is likely to agree to anything that restrains its competitive ability, Mr. Mehta said in a panel discussion in Washington last week. American officials have also accused Chinese companies of stealing A.I. technology through distillation, and considered ratcheting up export controls on semiconductors.但梅塔上周在华盛顿的一场小组讨论中表示，任何人工智能会谈都会因一个事实而变得复杂：两国都不太可能同意任何限制自身竞争能力的事情。美国官员还指责中国企业通过蒸馏窃取人工智能技术，并考虑进一步收紧对半导体的出口管制。China feels the United States bears more responsibility in A.I., because it has the world’s most advanced models, Mr. Mehta said. That leaves “a very narrow set of issues that they can have productive conversations on,” he said.梅塔说，中国认为美国在人工智能问题上负有更大责任，因为世界上最先进的模型掌握在美国手中。他说，这使得双方“能够展开富有成效对话的议题范围非常狭窄”。Edgard D. Kagan, a senior adviser for the Center for Strategic and International Studies, said at the same event that fundamental distrust between the countries was likely to limit the information sharing that would be needed to have confidence that both sides were keeping their promises.战略与国际研究中心高级顾问埃德加·卡根在同一场活动中表示，两国之间根深蒂固的不信任可能会限制信息共享，而要让彼此相信对方会信守承诺，这种信息共享又是必不可少的。“China is deeply suspicious of anything that looks like it’s designed to lock in U.S. advantages,” he said, adding, “It will be very, very hard to come up with a mechanism that is anything more than symbolic right now.”“中国对任何看起来旨在固化美国优势的东西都深怀戒心，”他说，并补充道，“就目前而言，要设计出一种不只是具有象征意义的机制，将会非常、非常困难。”Ana Swanson报道贸易和国际经济新闻，常驻华盛顿。她从事新闻工作已超过十年。翻译：纽约时报中文网点击查看本文英文版。