PAUL SONNE2026年6月29日哈萨克斯坦首都阿斯塔纳。 Sergey Ponomarev for The New York TimesThe skyline of Astana, the capital of Kazakhstan, is a physical reflection of the Central Asian nation’s approach to foreign affairs.哈萨克斯坦首都阿斯塔纳的天际线是这个中亚国家外交政策理念的具象呈现。A sign reading “Moscow” sits atop a Kazakh-Russian business center. Beside it is a pagoda-crowned luxury hotel owned by the Chinese state oil company. Nearby is a gleaming hotel tower and shopping mall, emblazoned with the American brand Ritz-Carlton.哈俄商业中心顶部有一块写有“莫斯科”字样的招牌。它旁边是一座中国国有石油公司持有、顶部呈宝塔造型的豪华酒店。附近还有一座熠熠生辉的酒店大厦与购物中心，打着美国品牌丽思卡尔顿的旗号。And they all exist in the shadow of Abu Dhabi Plaza, the city’s biggest skyscraper, developed by a real estate firm from the United Arab Emirates.而它们全都笼罩在阿布扎比广场的阴影之下。这座城市最高的摩天大楼由一家来自阿联酋的房地产公司开发。It is the product of what Kazakhstan’s president, Kassym-Jomart Tokayev, calls a “multivector” foreign policy.这正是哈萨克斯坦总统托卡耶夫所倡导的“多向量”外交政策的产物。In pursuit of greater independence and security, Mr. Tokayev’s landlocked nation of 21 million people, bordered by Russia and China, has tried to counterbalance the neighboring superpowers by inviting investment from countries farther afield. They include the United States; European nations like the Netherlands and Switzerland; South Korea; Turkey; and several in the Middle East.哈萨克斯坦有2100万人口，地处内陆，与俄罗斯和中国接壤。为寻求更大的独立空间与安全保障，托卡耶夫政府广邀远方国家投资，以此制衡两大邻国强权。这些国家包括美国、荷兰和瑞士等欧洲国家、韩国、土耳其，以及多个中东国家。阿布扎比广场在阿斯塔纳的天际线中巍然矗立。A desire to emulate the Gulf states is palpable at the headquarters of Kazakhstan’s sovereign wealth fund, Samruk Kazyna, which is named for a magical bird from Kazakh folklore that lays a golden egg atop the Tree of Life. Kazakhstan’s tightly controlled political system, its multinational quest for investment and its natural-resource-fueled development offer parallels to nations like the U.A.E. and Qatar.在哈萨克斯坦主权财富基金萨姆鲁克-卡泽纳国家基金的总部，可以明显感受到该国希望效仿海湾国家的愿望。该基金的名字来源于哈萨克民间传说中的神鸟“萨姆鲁克”，它会在生命树顶端产下一枚金蛋。哈萨克斯坦高度集中的政治体制、多国并行的招商引资战略，以及依靠自然资源推动发展的模式，都与阿联酋和卡塔尔等国家存在相似之处。“We are driven by a pragmatic approach,” Nurlan Zhakupov, the head of the fund, said in an interview atop a skyscraper overlooking a newly built part of Astana. “If we see merit in working with the U.S., the E.U., a Chinese, Russian, Korean, German, Emirati or whatever company, we assess it on a relative performance basis and we choose what is the best for us.”“我们以务实的态度行事，”基金的首席执行官努尔兰·扎克波夫在阿斯塔纳一栋俯瞰新城的摩天大楼顶层接受采访时说，“无论是与美国、欧盟、中国、俄罗斯、韩国、德国、阿联酋，还是其他任何国家的公司合作，我们都以相对表现为标尺，然后选择对我们最有利的方案。”Lately, there has been a particular focus on the United States.最近，哈萨克斯坦尤其关注美国。Kazakhstan is a junior partner to Russia in a NATO-like military alliance and a European Union-like trade bloc. But that hasn’t stopped its leaders from aggressively courting Washington under President Trump, prompting a slew of business deals, a series of high-level meetings and a frenzy of engagement with American companies.在一个类似北约的军事联盟和一个类似欧盟的贸易集团中，哈萨克斯坦是俄罗斯的小伙伴。但这并未阻止其领导人在特朗普总统任内积极向华盛顿示好，促成了一连串商业协议、一系列高层会晤，以及与美国企业的频繁互动。In response to Russia’s war in Ukraine, Central Asian governments have drawn closer together as a bloc, while welcoming Mr. Trump’s transactional approach to foreign policy. They are seeking opportunities to reduce their reliance on Moscow, even as they tread lightly so as not to cross the Kremlin or antagonize China.面对俄罗斯在乌克兰的战争，中亚各国政府在抱团取暖的同时，也对特朗普奉行的交易型外交方针表示欢迎。它们正寻机降低对莫斯科的依赖，却又刻意保持克制，以免触怒克里姆林宫或惹恼中国。“For the business relationship, it has never been better,” said Jeff Erlich, the president of the American Chamber of Commerce in Kazakhstan, who has worked in and around the region since the late 1990s. “In my experience, that is clear.”“就商业关系而言，从未像现在这样好过，”哈萨克斯坦美国商会会长杰夫·埃利希说。他自上世纪90年代末以来就一直在该地区及周边工作。“以我的亲身经历来看，这是毋庸置疑的。”In Washington, Mr. Trump has dispensed with America’s traditional talk of human rights and democracy in connection with foreign policy. He has instead embraced a mercantilist approach, judging countries like Kazakhstan by what deals they can offer. A top priority has been securing access to Kazakhstan’s large supply of critical minerals and ensuring that they can be exported via the Middle Corridor, a route that crosses the Caspian Sea and the Caucasus to avoid Russia.在华盛顿，特朗普已经放弃了美国传统上在外交政策中谈论人权和民主的做法。他转而采取了一种重商主义的做法，根据像哈萨克斯坦这样的国家能提供什么交易来衡量它们的价值。其首要目标之一是确保获得哈萨克斯坦丰富的关键矿产资源，并保证这些资源能够通过“中间走廊”出口——这条路线穿越里海和高加索地区，以避开俄罗斯。Mr. Tokayev’s authoritarian ways — he recently changed Kazakhstan’s Constitution to strengthen his power — once hindered his country’s relationship with the United States. But under the second Trump administration, which dismantled U.S. Agency for International Development programs working on human rights issues in Kazakhstan, such concerns are no longer an irritant for Washington.托卡耶夫的威权统治方式——他最近修改了哈萨克斯坦宪法以巩固个人权力——曾是哈美关系的绊脚石。但在第二任特朗普政府执政期间，随着美国国际开发署在哈萨克斯坦开展的人权项目被取消，此类顾虑已不再令华盛顿感到困扰。The Kazakh leader has joined Mr. Trump’s Board of Peace. He signed up to the Abraham Accords even though Kazakhstan already had diplomatic relations with Israel. And he led a high-level delegation of Central Asian leaders to Washington last year, during which the Kazakh state mining firm signed a tungsten deal with a U.S. company that was later revealed to be backed by Mr. Trump’s sons.这位哈萨克斯坦领导人加入了特朗普的“和平委员会”。他签署了《亚伯拉罕协议》，尽管哈萨克斯坦早已与以色列建立了外交关系。去年，他率领一个中亚国家领导人高级别代表团访问华盛顿，期间哈萨克斯坦国有矿业公司与一家美国公司签署了一项钨矿协议，后来被曝光该公司背后有特朗普儿子的支持。去年11月，哈萨克斯坦总统托卡耶夫（右二）在白宫出席由特朗普总统主持的晚宴，同席的还有其他中亚国家领导人。It was just one of 29 pacts that Kazakhstan signed with U.S. companies, worth over $17 billion. They included a deal with Amazon’s Leo satellite internet service and an agreement with Nvidia, the U.S. chipmaker, and Firebird, an American cloud computing company, to build an A.I. data hub. Kazakhstan also agreed to a $4.2 billion deal to buy 300 rail cars from the American firm Wabtec.这只是哈萨克斯坦与美国公司签署的29项协议之一，这些协议总价值超过170亿美元。它们包括与亚马逊的Leo卫星互联网服务达成的协议，以及与美国芯片制造商英伟达和美国云计算公司Firebird共建人工智能数据中心的协议。哈萨克斯坦还同意以42亿美元的价格从美国公司西屋制动购买300节铁路车厢。During the trip to Washington, Mr. Tokayev proclaimed that Mr. Trump had been “sent by heaven.”访问华盛顿期间，托卡耶夫盛赞特朗普是“上天派来的”。Leaning too aggressively into the relationship with Mr. Trump could carry risks for Kazakhstan if the political winds change in Washington. Senator Jon Ossoff of Georgia, while campaigning for re-election, has said that if Democrats take power in Congress, people will be questioned under oath about the involvement of Mr. Trump’s sons in the Kazakh tungsten deal.不过，过度押注与特朗普的关系，一旦华盛顿政治风向生变，对哈萨克斯坦而言可能存在风险。佐治亚州参议员乔恩·奥索夫在竞选连任时曾表示，若民主党重掌国会，届时将有人被传唤宣誓作证，就特朗普之子参与哈萨克斯坦钨矿交易一事接受质询。Some Western investors have worried that Russian and Chinese leverage over Kazakhstan could jeopardize supplies of critical resources to Western nations, should Moscow or Beijing decide to intervene. But so far, Kazakhstan been a reliable supplier, even as relations between Russia and the West have deteriorated over Ukraine.一些西方投资者担心，如果莫斯科或北京决定进行干预，俄罗斯和中国对哈萨克斯坦的影响力可能危及西方国家获得关键资源的供应。但迄今为止，即便俄乌关系导致俄罗斯与西方关系持续恶化，哈萨克斯坦仍然是一个可靠的资源供应国。Paul Sonne是一名国际新闻记者，报道俄罗斯新闻和普京的国内和国际政策产生的一系列影响，主要关注乌克兰战争。翻译：纽约时报中文网点击查看本文英文版。