JACEY FORTIN, AMY QIN, VIK JOLLY2026年10月8日联邦调查局提供的一张照片显示，张婉莹周日在洛杉矶被捕。 Federal Bureau of InvestigationA California woman charged with surveilling relatives of the Taiwanese president on China’s behalf made her first appearance before a federal judge on Monday.周一，一名涉嫌为中国监视台湾领导人亲属的加利福尼亚州女子首次出庭接受联邦法官审讯。The woman, Wanying Zhang, of Irvine, was about to board a flight to China when she was taken into custody at Los Angeles International Airport on Sunday, officials said. According to the F.B.I., the targets of the surveillance were the son of President Lai Ching-te of Taiwan and his family members.官员称，该女子是来自尔湾的张婉莹（音）。周日，她在洛杉矶国际机场准备登上飞往中国的航班时被拘捕。据联邦调查局称，其监视目标是台湾领导人赖清德的儿子及其他家庭成员。Ms. Zhang, 34, was charged with acting as an unregistered agent of a foreign government, a charge that has previously been used to prosecute Chinese influence cases. The Justice Department has referred to the charge as “espionage lite” because it has a lower bar for evidence.34岁的张女士被控充当未注册的外国政府代理人。这项指控此前曾被用于起诉涉及中国影响力的案件。由于该指控的证据门槛较低，美国司法部将其称为“轻量版间谍罪”。Ms. Zhang appeared at a federal courthouse in Los Angeles on Monday but could not be arraigned because she was deemed ineligible for a court-appointed lawyer, meaning she will have to retain private counsel. The federal defense lawyer who was initially assigned to represent her declined to comment on Monday, and efforts to reach Ms. Zhang’s family members were unsuccessful.周一，张女士在洛杉矶一家联邦法院出庭，但因被认定不具获得法庭指定律师资格而未能完成提审程序，这意味着她必须聘请私人律师。最初被指派代表她的联邦辩护律师周一拒绝置评，记者试图联系张女士家属未果。Beijing has long sought to reach across borders to influence local American politics, keep tabs on members of the Chinese diaspora and promote the country’s agenda abroad. And while the criminal complaint against Ms. Zhang suggests that federal investigators think she may have been enlisted in those efforts, she has not been charged with espionage, which is harder to prove.长期以来，北京一直寻求跨国影响美国地方政治、密切监视海外华人，并在海外推进其政治议程。尽管针对张女士的刑事起诉书表明联邦调查人员认为她可能受雇参与了上述活动，但由于间谍罪更难举证，她并未受到此项指控。Instead, she was charged under a statute that makes it illegal to act as an agent of a foreign government without notifying the U.S. attorney general.对她的起诉所依据的是一项法令，规定在未通知美国司法部长的情况下充当外国政府代理人属非法行为。While espionage cases usually require the government to prove a threat to national security, the statute used to charge Ms. Zhang concerns undisclosed relationships with foreign officials, said Ronak D. Desai, an expert in foreign influence law and a partner at the law firm Paul Hastings.普衡律师事务所(Paul Hastings)合伙人、外国影响力法专家罗纳克·D·德赛表示，间谍案件通常需要政府证明国家安全受到威胁，而起诉张女士所依据的法令针对的是未披露与外国官员的关系。“The activity that the individual was undertaking did not, in itself, have to be illegal,” he added.“具体此人正在从事的活动，本身并不一定是非法的，”他补充道。The complaint said that Ms. Zhang, who the authorities said is a naturalized U.S. citizen and also goes by the name Heather, conducted surveillance in Seattle in September 2025 by sitting in a car outside of her target’s home and taking photos and video footage of him and his family.起诉书指出，张女士是一名归化美国公民，亦名海瑟(Heather)。2025年9月，她在西雅图进行监视活动，坐在目标住所外的车内拍摄了目标及其家人的照片和视频。“She coordinated the trip with an associate and used tradecraft to avoid detection,” Bill Essayli, the top federal prosecutor in Los Angeles, said in a post on social media. “She never notified the Attorney General she was acting for a foreign government, a federal offense.”洛杉矶最高联邦检察官比尔·埃萨利在社交媒体的一篇帖子中表示：“她与一名同伙协调了这次行程，并使用了特工手段以避免被发现。她从未向司法部长通报自己正为外国政府行事，这是一项联邦罪。”The criminal complaint said that she had attended the University of International Relations in Beijing and was licensed to work as a real estate agent in Southern California.刑事起诉书显示，她曾就读于北京的国际关系学院，并持有南加州房地产经纪人执照。Ms. Zhang had been communicating with at least two Chinese government officials on WeChat, a Chinese messaging app, the complaint said.起诉书称，张女士一直通过中国通讯软件微信与至少两名中国政府官员保持联系。The WeChat messages suggest that Ms. Zhang met with government officials in China and then conducted surveillance after she returned to the United States, according to the complaint. She got a flight from Los Angeles to Seattle along with another person who has not been named publicly. That person paid for a rental car to take them to the target’s home, the complaint said.根据起诉书，微信记录表明，在中国会见政府官员后，张女士返回美国开始实施监视。她与另一名未公开姓名的人士一同乘机从洛杉矶前往西雅图，后者支付了租车费用并驱车带他们前往目标住所。It added that Ms. Zhang sent video footage of the target’s home, as well as license plate numbers, to one of the Chinese government officials she had been corresponding with.起诉书还称，张女士将目标住所的视频片段以及车牌号码发送给了与她联系的一名中国政府官员。Mr. Essayli was named acting U.S. attorney by President Trump and has been critical of Democratic officials in California, including Gov. Gavin Newsom and Mayor Karen Bass of Los Angeles. Mr. Essayli’s critics have argued that he lacks the legal standing to prosecute crimes. A spokesman for his office pointed to a December federal court ruling in his favor.由特朗普总统任命为代理联邦检察官的埃萨利此前一直对加州民主党官员持批评态度，包括加州州长加文·纽森和洛杉矶市长凯伦·巴斯。埃萨利的批评者认为，他缺乏发起刑事指控的法律资格。其办公室发言人则引用了去年12月的一项对他有利的联邦法院裁决。China has long claimed the self-governed island of Taiwan as its territory, and its officials are staunchly opposed to Mr. Lai and his Democratic Progressive Party, which rejects Beijing’s claims to sovereignty.中国长期宣称实行自治的台湾岛是其领土。由于赖清德及其所属的民进党拒绝接受北京的主权主张，中国官员对他们抱着强烈反对的态度。Although the United States does not recognize Taiwanese sovereignty, Taipei has relied on American military power to counter threats from Beijing. Chinese officials regularly press the American government to limit its support for the island, including last month, when China’s leader, Xi Jinping, met with President Trump during a White House summit.美国不承认台湾的主权，但台北一直依赖美国的军事力量来对抗来自北京的威胁。中国官员经常向美国政府施压，要求其收敛对台湾的支持；上个月中国领导人习近平在白宫峰会期间会见特朗普总统时，也提出了这一要求。In statements on Monday, Taiwanese officials thanked the U.S. authorities for prosecuting Ms. Zhang.在周一发表的声明中，台湾当局官员感谢美国当局起诉张女士。“This is a typical case of transnational repression,” said Karen Kuo, a spokeswoman for the presidential office in Taipei. “Our country expresses its strongest condemnation of this barbaric act that disregards human rights and national sovereignty, aiming to suppress, threaten or even harm those who advocate freedom and democracy or their families.”“这是典型的跨国镇压，”台湾领导人办公室发言人郭雅慧表示。“台湾对于这类无视人权与各国主权，甚至是伤害主张自由民主人们或其家人的野蛮行径，表达最严厉谴责。”The Chinese embassy in Washington did not immediately respond to a request for comment. Beijing’s foreign ministry said that it was “not familiar” with the situation and that it was opposed to sensationalized reports of “so-called ‘Chinese spies’ to slander and smear China.”中国驻华盛顿大使馆未立即回应置评请求。中国外交部表示对相关情况“不了解”，并反对炒作“所谓‘中国间谍’”对中国进行污蔑抹黑。Earlier this year, in a separate case brought by Mr. Essayli, Eileen Wang, the mayor of Arcadia, Calif., pleaded guilty to acting as an illegal foreign agent for promoting pro-Beijing views on a news website at the direction of Chinese government officials.今年早些时候，在埃萨利发起的另一起检控中，加州阿卡迪亚市市长王爱琳(Eileen Wang)承认充当非法外国代理人，受中国政府官员指示在新闻网站上宣扬亲北京的观点。Similar cases have also been brought in San Francisco and New York.旧金山和纽约也曾提起过类似案件。Audrye Wong, a senior fellow at the American Enterprise Institute who studies Chinese government influence in the United States, said that the allegations against Ms. Zhang, if true, appeared to be part of Beijing’s playbook of incentivizing marginal, sometimes amateur, members of the Chinese diaspora to undertake minor tasks in pursuit of its broader foreign policy goals.美国企业研究所研究中国政府在美影响力的高级研究员黄韵琪(Audrye Wong)表示，针对张女士的指控如果属实，这似乎将属于北京策略的一部分：即以激励手段推动海外华人边缘群体——有时为业余人士——执行次要任务，从而推进其更广泛的外交政策目标。Such actions, Ms. Wong said, can have a chilling effect across the diaspora.她表示，此类行动可能会在整个海外华人社群中产生寒蝉效应。“It demonstrates that the Chinese government’s reach is quite powerful,” Ms. Wong said. “And it creates a sense among overseas Chinese that the Chinese government is always there, and we don’t know who is working on behalf of them.”“这表明中国政府的触及面之广，”黄韵琪说。“也让海外华人产生了一种感觉：中国政府无处不在，而我们不知道谁在为他们效力。”Amy Chang Chien对本文有报道贡献，Kitty Bennett对本文有研究贡献。Jacey Fortin为《纽约时报》国内新闻版块报道广泛的议题，包括极端天气、法庭案件和全国各地的州政治新闻。Amy Qin是《纽约时报》国内新闻记者，主要撰写亚裔美国人社群新闻。翻译：纽约时报中文网点击查看本文英文版。获取更多RSS：https://feedx.net https://feedx.site