MATTHEW HUFF2026年10月13日纪录片里的马斯克。 Bleeker StreetAlex Gibney opens his documentary about the tech titan Elon Musk with a question: “How could Musk assume so much power, and why had we given it to him?”亚历克斯·吉布尼关于科技巨头埃隆·马斯克的纪录片以这样一个问题开场：“马斯克怎么能获得这么大的权力，而我们又为什么把这些权力交给了他？”The Oscar-winning filmmaker, whose previous subjects include Enron and Scientology, spends nearly four hours answering that question in “Musk,” tracing the rise of the Tesla chairman and chief executive from his childhood in South Africa to the I.P.O. of SpaceX in June, which made Musk the world’s first trillionaire. (The movie, in theaters, has a 10-minute intermission baked in.)这位曾经拍过安然公司和山达基教的奥斯卡获奖导演在《马斯克》一片中用近四个小时的时间来回答这个问题，追溯了这位特斯拉董事长兼首席执行官的崛起之路，从他在南非的童年一直讲到今年6月SpaceX首次公开募股——这让马斯克成为世界上首位身家达到万亿美元的富豪。（这部正在影院上映的电影安排了10分钟的中场休息。）When news of Gibney’s project broke back in 2023, Musk took to Twitter (now X) to preemptively call it a “hit piece.” Combining interviews with ex-wives and former colleagues and clips from Musk’s 30-plus years in the spotlight with commentary from an A.I. version of Musk constructed from an archive of his own words, the film follows his rise from Silicon Valley start-ups to his brief tenure as the de facto head of the Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE).2023年，吉布尼正在拍摄这部纪录片的消息传出后，马斯克就在Twitter（现称X）上先发制人，称其为“抹黑之作”。影片采访了马斯克的前妻和前同事，穿插他过去30多年间在公众视野中留下的影像资料，还利用他过去的语音档案建立了一个人工智能版马斯克，让这个虚拟人物对影片内容发表评论。影片记录了马斯克从硅谷创业到短暂担任政府效率部实际负责人的崛起历程。Here are some takeaways.以下是影片的几个要点。影片追溯了这位特斯拉董事长兼首席执行官从南非童年到SpaceX于6月IPO的崛起之路。Musk’s privileged childhood was marred by violence马斯克家境优渥的童年笼罩着暴力阴影“Musk” paints a harrowing portrait of Elon’s youth in apartheid-era South Africa. In one interview, his wealthy businessman father, Errol Musk, claims to have shot and killed three intruders, covering the floor of their home in a “swimming pool” of blood. In another, he describes Elon riding in a car alongside the body of a family friend who had just “dropped dead.” After Elon’s mother, Maye Musk, separated from Errol, claiming physical and mental abuse (charges her former husband has denied), Elon continued to live with his father. When Elon was bullied so badly at school that he was hospitalized for a week, his father, he later said, sided with his attackers.《马斯克》描绘了埃隆在当时实行种族隔离制度的南非度过的童年岁月，揭示了一段令人不寒而栗的往事。在一次采访中，他的父亲、富商埃罗尔·马斯克声称自己曾开枪打死三名闯入者，鲜血流了一地，在家中地板上积成了一个“游泳池”。在另一次采访中，他描述埃隆坐在一辆车里，旁边是一位刚“猝死”的家族朋友的尸体。埃隆的母亲梅耶·马斯克与埃罗尔分居时，指控丈夫对她实施身体和精神虐待（她的前夫否认了这些指控），但埃隆仍然选择和父亲一起生活。有一次，埃隆在学校遭到严重霸凌，以至于住院一周。据他后来回忆，父亲当时却站在欺负他的那些人一边。He’s made a habit of failing upward他屡屡因失败而获利Gibney suggests that Elon Musk’s business blunders have been as lucrative as his successes. After a failed bid to become the chief executive of his first start-up, Zip2, Musk was pushed out of the company but earned a $22 million buyout. Only a few years later, the entrepreneur and venture capitalist Peter Thiel pushed Musk out of PayPal with a $250 million parting gift.吉布尼认为，埃隆·马斯克在商业上的失误给他带来的财富并不亚于成功为他带来的财富。他曾试图成为自己创办的第一家初创企业Zip2的首席执行官，但未能如愿，随后被赶出公司，却拿到了2200万美元的收购所得。仅仅几年后，企业家兼风险投资人彼得·蒂尔又将马斯克赶出了贝宝，而马斯克离开时获得了2.5亿美元。More recently, according to Gibney, Twitter (now X) lost 80 percent of its value after Musk purchased it (though other estimates vary). Musk then rolled X and his A.I. start-up xAI into SpaceX for the largest I.P.O. on record to date, prompting Gibney to ask, “How can you keep screwing up and still make millions?”吉布尼称，更近的例子是，Twitter（现X）在马斯克收购后损失了80%的价值（不过，不同机构的估算并不一致）。马斯克随后将X和他的AI初创公司xAI并入SpaceX，完成了有记录以来最大的IPO，这让吉布尼不禁发问：“你怎么能一次又一次把事情搞砸，却依然赚得盆满钵满？”Tesla is a lesson in entrepreneurial sleight of hand特斯拉背后的商业障眼法While Musk claims to be a founder of Tesla, the automotive company was actually started by Martin Eberhard and Marc Tarpenning in 2003. However, Musk negotiated the title of co-founder for himself as part of a 2009 legal settlement. Later, he claimed that Tesla drivers could easily swap out their 1,000-pound car batteries, which helped him garner more than $100 million worth of environmental credits from the state of California, though he had only built a single battery swap facility in the desert.虽然马斯克自称是特斯拉的创始人，但这家汽车公司实际上由马丁·艾伯哈德和马克·塔彭宁于2003年创立。不过，在2009年达成的一项法律和解协议中，马斯克通过谈判为自己争取到了联合创始人的头衔。后来，他又宣称，特斯拉车主可以轻松更换重达450公斤的汽车电池，这帮助他从加利福尼亚州获得了价值超过1亿美元的环保积分，尽管他仅在沙漠里建了一个电池更换站。Gibney also dedicates substantial time to Tesla’s self-driving Autopilot feature, which has been linked to deaths and injuries. In 2016, Musk oversaw the creation of a promotional video depicting a self-driving Tesla, causing the company’s stock to rise. However, it was later revealed that humans had controlled the car at certain points during filming and that the car had actually crashed.吉布尼还用了相当长的篇幅讨论特斯拉的自动驾驶Autopilot系统，该系统被指与多起造成人员伤亡的事故有关。2016年，马斯克主导制作了一段展示特斯拉汽车自动驾驶的宣传视频，推动了公司股价上涨。然而，后来有消息披露，拍摄过程中，汽车在某些时刻实际上由人控制，而且那辆车还发生了撞车事故。按照吉布尼在片中的说法，马斯克通过星链巩固了自己的政治权力。星链是SpaceX的卫星部门，从太空提供互联网接入。He sees increasing the birthrate as a “national emergency”他把提高出生率视为“国家紧急事务”“Musk” includes extended interviews with Justine Musk, Elon’s first wife, and Ashley St. Clair, a former conservative influencer who dated Elon from 2023 to 2025 and gave birth to one of his 14 known children. St. Clair claims to have received messages from multiple women on social media whom Musk offered to impregnate. “It’s like a Gatling gun of sperm in his DMs,” she says in one of the documentary’s more evocative lines.《马斯克》对埃隆的第一任妻子贾斯廷·马斯克以及曾经的保守派网红阿什莉·圣克莱尔进行了长时间采访。圣克莱尔在2023年至2025年间与埃隆交往，并为他生下一个孩子（马斯克为公众所知的孩子共有14个）。圣克莱尔称，她在社交媒体上收到多名女性发来的私信，她们都说马斯克曾提出要让她们怀孕。她在纪录片中用了一句格外生动的比喻：“他在私信里到处播种，简直就像一挺喷射精子的加特林机枪。”Despite Musk’s preoccupation with procreating, both women suggest that Musk sustains little interest in his children or their mothers. Justine remembers Elon telling her, “I am the alpha in this relationship” at their wedding reception, and later telling her, “If you were my employee, I’d fire you.” St. Clair claims Musk openly called X Æ A-Xii (whose mother is Musk’s former partner Claire Boucher, the musician known as Grimes) his favorite and didn’t care to spend time with his other offspring.尽管马斯克对生育如此执着，但这两名女性都表示，他对自己的孩子及孩子的母亲几乎没有持续的关心。贾斯廷回忆说，埃隆曾在两人的婚宴上对她说：“在这段关系里，我是老大。”后来又对她说：“如果你是我的员工，我早就把你开除了。”圣克莱尔则称，马斯克曾公开表示，X Æ A-Xii（其母是马斯克之前的伴侣、音乐人格莱姆斯，本名克莱尔·布歇）是他最喜欢的孩子，她还说他不怎么愿意花时间陪伴其他子女。Starlink and DOGE gave him global reach星链和政府效率部让他的影响力遍及全球According to Gibney, Musk has been able to consolidate political power via Starlink, the satellite arm of SpaceX, which provides internet access from space. While Musk supplied Ukrainian forces with necessary tech during their war with Russia, he’s also able to control and withhold access to it. That military bargaining chip has given Musk remarkable leverage in lucrative business deals around the world.据吉布尼说，马斯克得以通过星链巩固政治权力。星链是SpaceX的卫星部门，从太空提供互联网接入。虽然马斯克在俄乌战争中向乌克兰军队提供了必要的技术，但他同样能够控制甚至切断对这项技术的使用。这一军事筹码让马斯克在全球利润丰厚的商业交易中拥有了非同寻常的议价能力。As part of his work with DOGE, Musk dispatched gatekeepers and regulations designed to check the A.I. industry. With those barriers removed, Gibney speculates that Musk could use A.I. to amass even more power.在政府效率部任职期间，马斯克清除了旨在约束人工智能行业的监管把关机制和规定。吉布尼推测，随着这些障碍被移除，马斯克可能利用人工智能进一步扩大自己的权力。翻译：杜然点击查看本文英文版。获取更多RSS：https://feedx.net https://feedx.site