by Manuel T. Cabeleira, Samiran Ray, Nicholas C. Ovenden, Vanessa Díaz-ZuccariniCalibration of mechanistic cardiovascular models is a central barrier to their use in population analysis and patient-specific simulation, particularly in settings where key physiological variables are unobservable and multiple parameter combinations can reproduce the same haemodynamic targets. In this work, we present Embedded Feedback Controller (EFC), a calibration framework for ODE-based lumped-parameter cardiovascular models in which selected physiological parameters are promoted to dynamic states and driven toward prescribed targets through embedded controller equations. By exploiting the qualitative structure of the governing equations, EFC enforces physiologically consistent parameter-variable relationships and converges to the single solution admitted by an over-determined set of targets, reproducibly and independently of the initial conditions, at a cost that scales efficiently with model complexity. The framework is demonstrated in silico, using a mechanistic cardiovascular model to generate virtual paediatric populations spanning normal physiology and two septic shock phenotypes (warm and cold shock) from literature-derived target ranges, achieving