ERICA L. GREEN2026年10月9日“我们要向微软传达的信息是：你们是一家伟大的美国公司，但你们必须雇用优秀的美国就业者，”副总统万斯周四在华盛顿表示。 Demetrius Freeman for The New York TimesVice President JD Vance announced on Thursday that Microsoft would be suspended from using a visa program that allowed foreign workers to permanently reside in the United States after an investigation found that the tech giant had “abused” the system.副总统万斯周四宣布，在一项调查发现微软公司“滥用”允许外国员工获得美国永久居留权的签证项目后，政府将暂停微软使用该制度的资格。Mr. Vance made the announcement in a news conference where he and other Trump administration officials made a slew of allegations that American companies and universities were committing visa fraud. Microsoft, they announced, is just the largest of several technology companies to face such a suspension, and schools including Harvard and Yale are now under investigation.万斯在一场新闻发布会上宣布了这一决定。他和特朗普政府其他官员在会上提出了一系列指控，称美国企业和大学存在签证欺诈行为。他们宣布，微软只是面临此类暂停措施的多家科技公司中规模最大的一家，哈佛和耶鲁等高校目前也正在接受调查。Mr. Vance took aim at the embattled H-1B visa program, which allows companies to hire skilled foreign workers in hard-to-fill jobs. The Trump administration has sought to overhaul the program, including imposing fees for the visas, claiming that it has unfairly allowed companies to sideline Americans and hire foreign workers. Mr. Vance has called the program “broken” and said he would support eliminating it.万斯把矛头指向了饱受争议的H-1B签证项目。该项目允许公司为难以填补的岗位雇用外国高技能员工。特朗普政府一直试图改革这一计划，包括对签证收费，声称它不公平地让企业得以不公平地将美国人排除在外，转而雇用外国员工。万斯曾称该项目“已经失灵”，并表示支持取消它。Mr. Vance said on Thursday that companies like Microsoft had been using the H-1B visa program to exploit the Labor Department’s permanent labor certification program, known as PERM, which allows H-1B visa recipients to obtain a green card and potentially stay in the United States indefinitely.万斯周四说，微软等公司一直在利用H-1B签证项目，滥用劳工部的永久劳工认证项目(PERM)，该项目允许H-1B签证持有者获得绿卡，从而有可能无限期留在美国。Officials said that other companies suspended from PERM would include Adobe and several large information technology outsourcing firms. Mr. Vance said the suspension would “last as long as it needs to.”官员们表示，其他被暂停使用PERM项目的企业还包括Adobe和几家大型信息技术外包公司。万斯说，暂停措施将“持续到不需要为止”。The announcement on Thursday, which included officials from several agencies, was the latest attempt by the administration to seize on purported fraud to argue that exploitation of the country’s immigration system — and not President Trump’s policies — has been depriving Americans of jobs, wages and paths to prosperity.多个机构的官员出席了周四的发布会。这是本届政府最新一次试图利用所谓的欺诈行为来辩称，是美国移民制度的漏洞——而不是特朗普总统的政策——剥夺了美国人的工作、工资和致富之路。“The Department of Labor is taking historic action by shutting down the pipeline of systemic fraud, the fraud that has flooded our country with foreign labor at the expense of American workers,” said Keith Sonderling, the labor secretary. “It begins with universities and companies that have turned into visa mills, promoting foreign workers that have lied about their qualifications to take jobs from our beloved American workers.”“劳工部正在采取历史性行动，切断系统性欺诈的渠道。正是这种欺诈让外国劳动力大量涌入我国，损害了美国就业者的利益，”劳工部长基思·桑德林说。“我们首先要针对那些沦为签证工厂的大学和企业。它们帮助谎报资历的外国员工获得签证，让他们抢走我们亲爱的美国就业者的工作。”But the administration has not always provided evidence to match its fraud claims. And several of its targets on Thursday disputed its assertions.但特朗普政府提出欺诈指控时，并非总能拿出相应证据。周四被针对的几家机构也对政府的说法提出了异议。Mr. Vance directed his harshest criticism at Microsoft, saying that there had been “no company in the United States, unfortunately, that has abused this system more.”万斯对微软的批评最为严厉。他说，“遗憾的是，美国没有哪家公司比它更严重地滥用了这一制度”。Mr. Vance said that in the past year, the company had laid off 6,000 American workers, while it benefited from 6,300 H-1B visas and nearly 3,000 green cards. He referred to the visa holders as “indentured servants” who were paid a fraction of what their American counterparts would be.万斯说，过去一年，该公司裁掉了6000名美国就业者，同时却受益于6300份H-1B签证和近3000张绿卡。他把这些签证持有者称为“契约劳工”，说他们的薪酬远低于同等岗位的美国人。“In other words, if you do the math, for every worker that Microsoft laid off, they replaced that worker with one and a half foreign indentured servants,” Mr. Vance said. “Now that is a scandalous system that we’ve allowed in this country for far too long.”“换句话说，你们可以算一算，微软每裁掉一名员工，就用一个半外国契约劳工来取代他，”万斯说。“这是一个可耻的制度，我们国家容忍它已经太久了。”“And so our message to Microsoft is: You’re a great American company, but you’ve got to hire great American workers,” he added. “You cannot lay off American workers and then replace them with foreign indentured servants.”“所以，我们要向微软传达的信息是：你们是一家伟大的美国公司，但你们必须雇用优秀的美国就业者，”他接着说。“你们不能先裁掉美国就业者，再用外国契约劳工取代他们。”In a statement, Microsoft challenged some of Mr. Vance’s claims.微软在声明中反驳了万斯的部分说法。The company said the “vast majority” of its employees in the United States are citizens. It said that of the roughly 6,000 H-1B applications it made last fiscal year, 80 percent were to extend or change the status of existing Microsoft employees. The remaining applications were for people already legally in the country who then joined Microsoft, the company said.该公司表示，其在美国的员工“绝大多数”是美国公民。微软称，上一财年提交的约6000份H-1B签证申请中，80%是为了延长现有微软员工的签证有效期或变更其身份。公司表示，其余申请涉及的也是已经合法身在美国、随后加入微软的人员。“They are not new arrivals to our country,” it added.“他们并不是新近来到我国的人，”微软补充道。Microsoft said its pay is among the highest in tech and among H-1B filings.微软表示，其薪酬水平在科技行业以及提交H-1B签证申请的企业中均位居前列。“Microsoft succeeds as a global technology leader by developing the world’s best technology work force,” the company said. “We do this by strengthening this country’s talent pipeline, hiring American workers and attracting the best talent from around the world.”“微软之所以能够成为全球科技行业的领导者，是因为我们致力于打造世界一流的科技人才队伍，”该公司表示。“为此，我们不断加强美国本土的人才培养体系，雇用美国工人，同时吸引来自世界各地的顶尖人才。”On the academic front, Mr. Vance maintained that universities were employing foreign graduate students as research assistants at lower wages, and suggested that the visas were being overused and sucking up federal funding.关于学界方面，万斯坚持认为，大学以较低工资雇用外国研究生担任研究助理，并暗示相关签证被过度使用，消耗了联邦资金。Anthony D’Esposito, the inspector general of the Labor Department, announced that the agency was launching investigations into several universities for potential abuses of the J-1 visa, a cultural exchange program that allows foreign students to work and study in the United States.劳工部监察长安东尼·德埃斯波西托宣布，该部门正对多所大学是否滥用J-1签证展开调查。这是一项文化交流签证计划，允许外国学生在美国工作和学习。“Subpoenas have been served, investigations are underway, and nobody will be getting a free pass because their name is carved into an expensive building,” he said.“传票已经送达，调查正在进行，没有人会因为自己的名字刻在一栋昂贵的大楼上而获得特殊待遇，”他说。The schools under investigation are Harvard, Yale, Stanford, Arizona State, Brown, M.I.T., the University of Pittsburgh, the University of California, Davis, and the California Institute of Technology.接受调查的学校包括哈佛、耶鲁、斯坦福、亚利桑那州立、布朗、麻省理工、匹兹堡大学、加州大学戴维斯分校和加州理工。Stanford said in a statement that it “complies with all applicable visa laws, including those relating to J-1 visas,” and “will cooperate with the investigation.”斯坦福在声明中说，该校“遵守所有适用的签证法律，包括与J-1签证相关的法律”，并将“配合调查”。Brian Clark, a spokesman for Brown University, said in a statement that the university had received the subpoena “for various records pertaining to foreign labor programs administered by the U.S. government, and we will respond promptly and directly.”布朗大学发言人布莱恩·克拉克在声明中说，该校已收到传票，“要求提供与美国政府管理的外国就业者项目有关的各种记录，我们将迅速、直接地作出回应。”“Brown’s international scholars, students and employees make essential contributions on our campus, including to teaching and research that advances American innovation, competitiveness and economic vitality,” Mr. Clark said.“布朗大学的国际学者、学生和员工为我们的校园作出了不可或缺的贡献，包括通过教学和研究推动美国的创新、竞争力和经济活力，”克拉克说。Arizona State University, noting that it educates more science, technology, engineering and math majors than any other university and employs one of the largest technical and scientific workforces in the country, said that it “has hired the talent needed to perform these functions and done so in complete compliance with existing United States policy and law.”亚利桑那州立大学指出，该校培养的科学、技术、工程和数学专业学生人数超过美国其他大学，而且拥有全美规模最大的技术和科研人才队伍之一。该校表示，它“聘用了履行这些职能所需的人才，而且完全遵守美国现行政策和法律”。The H-1B program has long been the target of bipartisan calls for changes, but has become a centerpiece of Mr. Trump’s immigration crackdown agenda. Economists have maintained that the visa holders boost American productivity and raise wages even for American workers.长期以来，美国两党都呼吁改革H-1B签证计划，但如今它已成为特朗普收紧移民政策议程的核心内容之一。经济学家一直认为，H-1B签证持有人提高了美国的生产率，甚至能够提高美国就业者的工资。Mr. Vance, pressed on how the use of the certification program amounted to fraud, said that companies were misrepresenting that they were bringing in workers with “hyper-specialized and hyper-capable” skill sets.当被追问企业使用永久劳工认证制度为何构成欺诈时，万斯表示，企业虚假宣称自己引进的是拥有“高度专业化、能力超群”技能的人才。Mr. Vance said that there was a difference between bringing in foreign workers like the tech tycoon Elon Musk, “who wants to come in and build something great in the United States of America,” versus an accountant at a lower wage.万斯说，引进像科技大亨埃隆·马斯克这样“希望来到美利坚合众国成就一番伟业”的外国人才与雇用一名工资较低的会计师是两回事。“You’re not bringing in a genius to build a great American corporation,” Mr. Vance said. “You are committing fraud against the American people and against this visa program.”“你引进的并不是一个能打造伟大美国企业的天才，”万斯说。“你是在欺骗美国人民，也是在欺骗这一签证项目。”Hours after the announcement, President Trump awarded Satya Nadella, Microsoft’s chief executive, the National Medal of Technology and Innovation at a summit in Washington where Mr. Musk and other tech executives also were honored.就在这一消息宣布数小时后，特朗普总统在华盛顿举行的一场峰会上向微软首席执行官萨蒂亚·纳德拉颁发了国家技术与创新奖章。马斯克和其他科技企业高管也在会上受到表彰。Mr. Nadella came to the United States for graduate school and joined Microsoft in 1992. Two years later, he wrote in his memoir, he turned in his permanent residency for an H-1B visa so that his wife could immediately join him in the United States. (At the time, he said, the spouses of green card holders faced a long wait for visa approval.) Both eventually gained citizenship, and he rose through the ranks to revive Microsoft from a yearslong slump. It is now worth almost $4 trillion.纳德拉来美国读研究生，并于1992年加入微软。他在回忆录中写道，两年后，为了让妻子能够立即赴美与他团聚，他放弃了自己的永久居民身份，转而申请H-1B签证。（他说，当时绿卡持有人的配偶需要等待很长时间才能获得签证批准。）两人最终都获得了公民身份，而他也一路晋升，把微软从多年低迷中拯救出来。微软如今市值近4万亿美元。In awarding Mr. Nadella the highest honor in technology on Thursday, Mr. Trump said it was “so well deserved,” and that Mr. Nadella had turned Microsoft into “an early leader in superintelligence.”周四，特朗普向纳德拉颁发科技领域最高荣誉时表示，他“完全当之无愧”，并称纳德拉已将微软打造为“超级智能领域的早期领军者”。Karen Weise自西雅图、Alan Blinder自亚特兰大、Vimal Patel自丹佛、Mark Arsenault自波士顿对本文有报道贡献。Erica L. Green是时报白宫记者，报道特朗普总统及其政府。翻译：纽约时报中文网点击查看本文英文版。