HELENE COOPER2026年6月2日美国军人在特拉华州多佛空军基地转移两名在叙利亚阵亡的艾奥瓦州国民警卫队员的遗体。 Tierney L. Cross/The New York TimesDuring his first term, President Trump sharply criticized the wars launched by his predecessors as a waste of American resources, and he promised not to get involved in any long military entanglements.在其第一个总统任期内，特朗普曾强烈批评前任们发动的战争是在浪费美国的资源，并承诺不卷入任何长期的军事纠葛。“Great nations do not fight endless wars,” Mr. Trump said in 2019 during his State of the Union speech.他在2019年的国情咨文演讲中曾表示：“伟大的国家不打无休止的战争。”As he campaigned for a second term, Mr. Trump even described himself as “the candidate of peace.”在为第二任期竞选期间，特朗普甚至将自己形容为“和平的候选人”。But the reality has been quite different.然而，现实却截然不同。Since Mr. Trump’s return to office, the United States has been involved in nearly a dozen military operations around the world, including the conflict against Iran and a raid that resulted in the arrest of Venezuela’s president.自特朗普重返白宫以来，美国已参与了全球十几项军事行动，其中包括针对伊朗的冲突，以及一场导致委内瑞拉总统被捕的突袭行动。Here’s a look.以下是具体回顾。February 20252025年2月Somalia索马里去年，索马里国民军在摩加迪沙北部的一个训练设施内。对圣战分子卷土重来的担忧正在加剧。On Feb. 1, 2025, soon after his inauguration, Mr. Trump ordered a series of airstrikes targeting Islamic State operatives and recruits in northern Somalia. His administration hailed it as the beginning of ramped-up counterterrorism operations in the Horn of Africa.2025年2月1日，在就职后不久，特朗普下令进行了一系列空袭，目标是索马里北部的“伊斯兰国”行动人员和新兵。他的政府称赞这是在非洲之角加大反恐行动力度的开始。In 2025, the U.S. military conducted more than 100 strikes against ISIS and Al Shabab, an extremist group affiliated with Al Qaeda.2025年，美国军队针对“伊斯兰国”和“青年党”——一个隶属于基地组织的极端组织——实施了100多次打击。Current situation: The United States has continued to strike the groups this year.现状：美国今年仍在对这些组织实施打击。March 20252025年3月Iraq伊拉克2023年从伊拉克陆军直升机上看到的巴格达。In a joint operation on March 13, 2025, the United States and Iraq killed a senior Islamic State leader believed to be the head of the group in Iraq and Syria.在2025年3月13日的一次联合行动中，美国和伊拉克击毙了一名“伊斯兰国”高级领导人，据信此人是该组织在伊拉克和叙利亚的负责人。Current situation: The Islamic State still operates in Iraq but has not controlled territory for several years.现状：“伊斯兰国”仍在伊拉克活动，但已有数年未控制任何领土。March 20252025年3月Yemen也门2025年3月，也门萨阿德市一家医院，在美军空袭中受伤的男子。In March 2025, the U.S. military began Operation Rough Rider against the Iranian-backed Houthi militia in Yemen.2025年3月，美国军队对也门境内受伊朗支持的胡塞武装发起了“粗鲁骑手行动”。The U.S. strikes burned through weapons and munitions at a rate of about $1 billion in the first month alone. The Houthis shot down several American MQ-9 Reaper drones and continued to fire at naval ships in the Red Sea, including an American aircraft carrier.仅在第一个月，美国的武器和弹药消耗就达到了约10亿美元。胡塞武装击落了数架美国MQ-9“死神”无人机，并继续向红海的军舰开火，其中包括一艘美国航空母舰。Then two $67 million F/A-18 Super Hornets from America’s flagship aircraft carrier tasked with conducting strikes against the Houthis accidentally tumbled off the carrier into the sea.随后，美国旗舰航空母舰的两架价值6700万美元的F/A-18“超级大黄蜂”战斗机受命执行打击胡塞的任务，却意外从航母上坠入海中。On May 5, 2025, the White House ordered U.S. Central Command to “pause” offensive operations. Mr. Trump said he had reached an agreement with the Houthis.2025年5月5日，白宫命令美国中央司令部“暂停”进攻。特朗普表示，他已与胡塞武装达成协议。“We hit them very hard and they had a great ability to withstand punishment,” Mr. Trump said. “You could say there was a lot of bravery there.” He added that “they gave us their word that they wouldn’t be shooting at ships anymore, and we honor that.”“我们对他们进行了沉重打击，而他们承受惩罚的能力惊人，”特朗普说。“你可以说这其中有很大的勇气。”他补充道，“他们向我们保证，不会再向船只开火了，我们尊重这一点。”Current situation: The Houthis have attacked fewer ships transiting the Red Sea, but many commercial vessels continue to steer clear.现状：胡塞武装袭击过境红海船只的次数有所减少，但许多商船仍继续绕道行驶。June 20252025年6月Iran伊朗卫星图像显示2025年6月美军空袭后的伊朗福尔多核浓缩设施。After several days of Israeli strikes on Iran, Mr. Trump launched Operation Midnight Hammer on June 22, deploying B-2 stealth bombers to drop bunker-buster bombs on the nuclear facilities Fordo and Natanz, while a submarine launched strikes at the nuclear facility at Isfahan.在以色列对伊朗进行数日袭击之后，特朗普于6月22日发起了“子夜重锤行动”，出动B-2隐形轰炸机对福尔多和纳坦兹的核设施投下钻地弹，同时一艘潜艇对伊斯法罕的核设施发动了袭击。Mr. Trump said the strikes “obliterated” Iran’s nuclear enrichment facilities.特朗普表示，这些袭击“彻底摧毁了”伊朗的核浓缩设施。Current situation: The Trump administration and Iran remain locked in a dispute over Iran’s refusal to give up its nuclear program.现状：由于伊朗拒绝放弃其核计划，特朗普政府与伊朗仍陷入争端之中。September 20252025年9月Venezuela委内瑞拉国防部长发布的视频截图显示美军在加勒比海对一艘船只实施了空袭。 Secretary of Defense, via Agence France-PresseOn Sept. 2, the U.S. military began attacking boats in the Caribbean and the eastern Pacific that the Trump administration says were smuggling drugs.9月2日，美国军队开始对加勒比海和东太平洋的船只发起攻击，特朗普政府称这些船只涉嫌走私毒品。So far 59 boats have been bombed, killing more than 200 people. Legal specialists say the strikes are illegal extrajudicial killings.到目前为止，已有59艘船只遭到轰炸，造成200多人死亡。法律专家表示，这些袭击属于非法的法外处决。Current situation: The Trump administration has not provided evidence that the boats that have been attacked were involved in drug smuggling. But the strikes continue.现状：特朗普政府尚未提供证据证明遭到袭击的船只参与了毒品走私。但打击仍在继续。December 20252025年12月Syria叙利亚美国军人在特拉华州多佛空军基地转移两名在叙利亚阵亡的艾奥瓦州国民警卫队员的遗体。The United States carried out major airstrikes against the Islamic State in Syria on Dec. 19 to avenge the deaths of two U.S. Army soldiers and a civilian interpreter killed in an ISIS attack a week earlier.12月19日，美国对叙利亚境内的“伊斯兰国”实施了大规模空袭，以报复一周前在“伊斯兰国”袭击中丧生的两名美国陆军士兵和一名平民译员。American fighter jets, attack helicopters and artillery fired more than 100 munitions at over 70 suspected Islamic State targets across central Syria. The Pentagon said Jordanian warplanes assisted in the operation.美国的战斗机、攻击直升机和火炮向叙利亚中部的70多个涉嫌“伊斯兰国”的目标发射了100多枚弹药。五角大楼表示，约旦战机协助了此次行动。The next month, in January, the U.S. military launched additional attacks on ISIS targets in Syria.接下来的一个月，即1月份，美国军队对叙利亚境内的“伊斯兰国”目标实施了更多打击。Current situation: The United States completed a handover of its major military bases in Syria in April, winding down a more than decade-long presence in the country. U.S. military officials say American troops will train, advise and assist some Syrian security forces in combating ISIS, as the U.S. relationship with Syria changes after the ouster of the country’s longtime dictator, Bashar al-Assad, in late 2024.现状：美国已于4月完成了对叙利亚境内主要军事基地的交接，结束了在该国长达十多年的军事存在。美国军事官员表示，随着叙利亚长期独裁者巴沙尔·阿萨德在2024年底被推翻后美国与叙利亚关系发生变化，美军将对部分叙利亚安全部队进行培训、指导和协助，以打击“伊斯兰国”。December 20252025年12月Nigeria尼日利亚去年12月美军在尼日利亚奥法市实施空袭后的景象。On Christmas Day 2025, the United States launched strikes in northwestern Nigeria against Islamic State militants, who Mr. Trump asserted had been slaughtering Christians.在2025年圣诞节当天，美国在尼日利亚西北部对“伊斯兰国”武装分子发动了袭击，特朗普断言这些武装分子一直在屠杀基督徒。Nigerian officials and military experts say the Islamic State in Nigeria has killed thousands of Muslims as well.尼日利亚官员和军事专家表示，“伊斯兰国”在尼日利亚还杀害了成千上万的穆斯林。Current situation: This fight continues.现状：这场战斗仍在继续。January 20262026年1月Venezuela委内瑞拉委内瑞拉前总统尼古拉斯·马杜罗于1月被抓捕并带往美国。On Jan. 3, U.S. Special Operations troops launched a raid in Venezuela’s capital targeting President Nicolás Maduro. They killed dozens of Mr. Maduro’s guards and extracted the Venezuelan leader and his wife, transporting them to New York to face charges of narco-terrorism and conspiracy to import cocaine.1月3日，美国特种部队在委内瑞拉首都发起突袭，目标直指总统尼古拉斯·马杜罗。他们击毙了马杜罗的数十名卫兵，将这位委内瑞拉领导人及其妻子抓获并押解至纽约，以面对毒品恐怖主义和密谋进口可卡因的指控。Both pleaded not guilty.两人均辩称无罪。Current situation: The trial is months, possibly years, away. Mr. Maduro’s vice president, Delcy Rodríguez, is now president.现状：距离开庭审理还有数月、甚至数年的时间。马杜罗的副总统德尔茜·罗德里格斯现任总统。February 20262026年2月Iran伊朗4月，伊朗政府支持者在德黑兰举行示威活动。On Feb. 28, U.S. and Israeli forces launched a new war against Iran that has killed hundreds of people (Iran says more than 2,000), including many high-ranking Iranian officials, the country’s supreme leader and 13 U.S. troops.2月28日，美军和以色列军队对伊朗发动了新一轮战争，已导致数百人死亡（伊朗称超过2000人），其中包括许多伊朗高级官员、该国最高领袖以及13名美军士兵。The war, which the Pentagon calls Operation Epic Fury, has shuttered the Strait of Hormuz, sending gas prices around the world soaring.这场被五角大楼称为“史诗愤怒行动”的战争导致霍尔木兹海峡关闭，引发全球油价暴涨。Iran retaliated by launching drones and ballistic missiles at Israel and at U.S. allies and American bases in the Middle East, setting off a regional conflict.伊朗实施了报复，向以色列、美国的盟友以及美国在中东的基地发射了无人机和弹道导弹，引发了地区冲突。Current situation: Mr. Trump declared a cease-fire in April, launching sporadic negotiations. The United States is enforcing a naval blockade to prevent Iran from getting its oil out of the Strait of Hormuz, while the threat of Iranian fire has shuttered commercial shipping through the narrow waterway.现状：特朗普于4月宣布停火，并展开了零星的谈判。美国正在实施海上封锁，以阻止伊朗将石油运出霍尔木兹海峡，而伊朗火力的威胁已导致商业航运无法通过这一狭窄的水道。In recent days, the two sides have exchanged strikes, threatening the fragile truce.近日来，双方互相进行了袭击，威胁到了脆弱的停战状态。May 20262026年5月Nigeria尼日利亚人们聚集在尼日利亚西北部村庄贾博·加林·迈加里的一处美军空袭现场。This month, Mr. Trump authorized a joint U.S.-Nigerian commando raid that killed Abu Bilal al-Minuki, a high-ranking ISIS leader. Days later, the United States launched airstrikes targeting ISIS fighters in the country.本月，特朗普批准了一次美尼联合突击队突袭，击毙了“伊斯兰国”高级领导人阿布·比拉勒·阿尔-米努基。几天后，美国发动空袭，目标直指该国境内的“伊斯兰国”武装分子。Current situation: Scores of militants have been killed in the recent military actions, according to U.S. and Nigerian estimates. The New York Times could not verify whether civilians were among the dead.现状：根据美国和尼日利亚的估计，在最近的军事行动中已有数十名武装分子被击毙。《纽约时报》无法核实死者中是否包含平民。May 20262026年5月Cuba古巴菲德尔·卡斯特罗的肖像挂在古巴圣地亚哥的一间办公室里。The aircraft carrier Nimitz and its escort warships arrived in the southern Caribbean Sea this month, on the same day the Justice Department announced charges against Raúl Castro, Cuba’s former president.尼米兹号航空母舰及其护航军舰于本月抵达加勒比海南部，就在同一天，司法部宣布了对古巴前总统劳尔·卡斯特罗的指控。Current situation: Keep an eye out.现状：保持关注。Helene Cooper是一名五角大楼记者。她此前曾任职编辑、外交记者和白宫记者。翻译：经雷点击查看本文英文版。