MICHAEL CROWLEY2026年5月31日China’s government has ordered a New York Times reporter to leave the country, and the Trump administration has responded by revoking the visa of a U.S.-based Chinese state media journalist, in a diplomatic tit-for-tat with implications for press freedoms and U.S.-China relations.中国政府下令《纽约时报》一名记者离开中国，而特朗普政府则吊销了一名在美中国官方媒体记者的签证作为回应，这场针锋相对的外交报复行动对新闻自由及美中关系均有深远影响。The expulsion order in February of the Times reporter, Vivian Wang, is the latest example of a crackdown by Beijing on foreign correspondents whose reporting challenges the official line of President Xi Jinping’s authoritarian government. It also inflames long-running tensions between China and the United States over the media presence each country has within the other’s borders.今年2月，中国下令驱逐《纽约时报》记者王月眉(Vivian Wang)，这是北京方面打压挑战习近平威权政府官方叙事的外国记者的最新例证。此举也进一步加剧了中美两国长期以来在媒体机构驻留问题上的紧张关系。Chinese officials told The Times they acted against Ms. Wang, a China correspondent for the paper since 2020, in response to the appearance by video of Taiwan’s president at a Times DealBook summit in New York in December; Ms. Wang played no role in the event.中方告知《纽约时报》，他们对王月眉采取行动是对台湾总统去年12月以视频形式出席该报在纽约举办的DealBook峰会的回应。王月眉本人并未参与该活动。But Chinese officials had complained for months about Ms. Wang’s coverage, which focused on the lives of ordinary Chinese people and often addressed sensitive matters such as censorship, Beijing’s unpopular response to the coronavirus pandemic and the steady expansion of China’s security state.但数月来，中国官员一直对王月眉的报道表示不满。这些报道聚焦中国普通民众的生活，并经常涉及审查制度、北京不得人心的新冠疫情防控措施，以及中国国家安全机器的不断扩张等。After Ms. Wang’s expulsion, the Trump administration revoked the visa of a Chinese national working in the United States for the state news agency Xinhua, according to a person briefed on the decision. (A spokesperson for The Times said the paper does not ask governments to revoke media credentials or otherwise interfere with the work of any journalists, including in this case.) Many Trump officials and independent analysts consider Xinhua a Chinese government propaganda organ.据一位知情人士透露，在王月眉遭驱逐后，特朗普政府吊销了一名在美国为官方通讯社新华社工作的中国公民的签证。（《纽约时报》的发言人表示，该报不会要求政府取消媒体的采访资格或以其他方式干涉任何记者的工作，此案亦不例外。）许多特朗普政府官员和独立分析人士认为，新华社是中国政府的宣传工具。And although President Trump is not viewed as a champion of press freedom and has sought friendly relations with Mr. Xi, Secretary of State Marco Rubio is a longtime critic of China’s political system, including its efforts to censor and control information.尽管在外界看来，特朗普总统并非新闻自由的捍卫者，而且一直寻求与习近平建立友好关系，但国务卿鲁比奥长期批评中国的政治体制，包括其审查和控制信息的做法。The Chinese Embassy in Washington did not respond to requests for comment.中国驻华盛顿大使馆未回应置评请求。After Ms. Wang’s expulsion in February, Times editors engaged in many weeks of discussions with the Chinese government pressing for her return. Chinese officials agreed to grant a seven-day visa to Ms. Wang, along with several other Times journalists, to cover Mr. Trump’s visit to Beijing this month. But they refused to allow her to resume her assignment as a correspondent based in the country.王月眉在今年2月遭驱逐后，时报编辑部与中国政府展开了长达数周的交涉，敦促中方允许她返回。中方同意为王月眉及另外数名《纽约时报》记者发放为期七天的签证，以便对特朗普本月的访华行程进行报道，但拒绝恢复她的驻华记者身份。Chinese authorities did agree to let Ms. Wang return once more this week, on a short-term nonjournalist visa, to pack up her Beijing apartment.中国当局本周给予王月眉短期单次非记者签证，以便她入境收拾留在北京的个人物品。Ms. Wang spent two years in Hong Kong before relocating to Beijing in 2022. In 2021, she was part of a team that won the Pulitzer Prize in public service for coverage of the coronavirus pandemic.在2022年调任北京分社之前，王月眉曾担任时报驻香港记者两年时间。2021年，她所在的团队因对新冠疫情的报道获得普利策公共服务奖。“The Chinese government’s decision to expel Vivian Wang is wrong,” said Joseph Kahn, the executive editor of The Times. “Her expulsion will make it even harder for our global audience to get accurate, independent and in-depth reporting about the world’s second-largest economy at a critical time.”“中国政府驱逐王月眉的决定是错误的，”《纽约时报》执行主编周看(Joseph Kahn)表示。“她的驱逐将使我们的全球受众在这样一个关键时刻更难以获得关于世界第二大经济体的准确、独立和深入的报道。”Calling Ms. Wang “one of the most respected journalists covering China today,” Mr. Kahn said that her expulsion “follows a campaign of harassment and threats directed at her over professional, accurate and evenhanded reporting.”周看称王月眉是“当今中国报道领域最受尊敬的记者之一”，并指出在遭到驱逐“之前，她因专业、准确且公正的报道而持续遭受骚扰和威胁”。He added that the number of correspondents from American media outlets allowed to work in China “has now fallen to an alarmingly low level, at a time when the need for people everywhere to understand China is greater than ever.”他还表示，目前获准在中国工作的美国媒体记者人数“已经少到令人担忧的程度，而此时此刻，世界各地的人们比以往任何时候都更需要了解中国”。The U.S. State Department did not respond to requests for comment.美国国务院未回应置评请求。A couple of dozen foreign journalists employed by American news organizations are believed to currently be based in China. Several major American outlets that had a robust presence in the country before Mr. Xi’s consolidation of power over the last decade are now barely present, if at all. With the departure of Ms. Wang, The Times has just one correspondent based in mainland China, down from a peak of roughly a dozen. The Washington Post has not had one for several years.目前，据信约有二十多名美国新闻机构雇用的外籍记者常驻中国。在习近平过去十年进一步巩固权力之前，美国的多家主要媒体在中国拥有庞大的外派记者团队。随着王月眉的离开，《纽约时报》在中国大陆仅剩一名驻地记者，而高峰时期曾多达十余人。《华盛顿邮报》已连续数年无驻华记者。One reason for the decline is a sharp reduction in long-term visas issued to American journalists. China’s foreign ministry is now more likely to grant short-term visas to reporters, which may not be renewed if Beijing officials dislike their coverage.造成这一局面的原因之一是中国向美国记者发放长期签证的数量大幅减少。中国外交部现在更倾向于向记者发放短期签证，而如果北京官员不喜欢他们的报道，这些签证可能无法获得续签。In an April 20 statement, the Foreign Correspondents’ Club of China denounced what it called a “spate of targeted attacks on press freedom in China,” including “temporary detention, visa revocation and a growing pattern of intimidation directed at interview partners and journalists themselves, alongside the denial of access to official events.”4月20日，驻华外国记者协会发表声明，谴责其所称的“中国针对新闻自由的一系列蓄意打压”，包括“临时拘留、撤销签证，以及针对受访者和记者本人日益严重的恐吓行为，同时拒绝向记者开放官方活动”。The group added that such actions “have been directed against major foreign media companies and individual foreign correspondents after they published reports deemed sensitive or uncomfortable by the Chinese government.”该组织还表示，这些行动“是在主要外国媒体机构及外国记者发表中国政府认为敏感或难堪的报道之后采取的”。About 100 Chinese journalists are now reporting from the United States, down from 160 before China and the United States started taking restrictive moves against each other’s correspondents during the first Trump administration.目前约有100名中国记者在美国从事报道工作，而在中美两国于特朗普首个总统任期内开始相互限制对方记者之前，这一数字约为160人。In September 2018, the Justice Department ordered the American branches of Xinhua and China Global Television Network to register as foreign agents. In February 2020, three Wall Street Journal correspondents were expelled from mainland China after the newspaper published an opinion essay critical of Beijing that angered Chinese officials. The expelled reporters had no role in the essay’s publication.2018年9月，美国司法部要求新华社和中国环球电视网在美国的分支机构登记为外国代理人。2020年2月，《华尔街日报》发表了一篇批评北京的观点文章，引发中国官员不满，随后该报三名驻华记者遭驱逐。这些被驱逐的记者与该文章的发表毫无关系。Around the same time, the Trump administration declared that five state-run Chinese news organizations operating within the United States — Xinhua, CGTN, China Radio, China Daily and People’s Daily — would be subject to regulations similar to those that apply to foreign diplomats. U.S. officials also capped at 100 the number of journalists allowed to work for those organizations in the United States.大约在同一时期，特朗普政府宣布，在美运营的五家中国官方媒体机构——新华社、中国环球电视网、中国国际广播电台、《中国日报》和《人民日报》——将受到类似于外国外交机构的监管规定约束。美国官员还将这些机构获准在美国工作的记者人数上限设定为100人。China’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs called the move “expulsion in all but name,” and said that growing U.S. restrictions on Chinese media agencies and workers in the United States “purposely made things difficult for their normal reporting assignments, and subjected them to growing discrimination and politically motivated oppression.”中国外交部称这一举措是“实际驱逐”，并表示美国不断加强对中国媒体机构及其工作人员的限制，对他们的“正常新闻报道活动无端设限，无理刁难，不断升级对中国媒体的歧视和政治打压”。Trump officials stressed at the time that, unlike their Chinese counterparts, they were not trying to censor or influence any coverage. But a guest essay published on the CGTN website charged that “the U.S. has mounted a vigorous crackdown on the Chinese media in the U.S. to push back China’s growing soft power.”当时特朗普官员强调，与中国当局不同，他们无意审查或干预报道内容。但中国环球电视网在其网站发表的一篇特约评论文章指责“美国对中国在美媒体进行了猛烈打压，以遏制中国日益增长的软实力”。China countered by expelling a dozen more American journalists working for The Times, The Journal and The Post. It also demanded detailed information from those publications and others about their activities in what news media executives saw as an act of intimidation.中国随后采取反制措施，驱逐了《纽约时报》、《华尔街日报》和《华盛顿邮报》的另外十余名美国记者。中国还要求这些媒体及其他新闻机构提供详细的运营信息，新闻媒体高层将此举视为恐吓手段。The Biden administration struck an agreement with Beijing in November 2021 that eased some of the restrictions, with each country granting visas to several journalists. Ms. Wang was among those admitted by China.拜登政府于2021年11月与北京达成协议，放宽了部分限制措施，双方均向数名记者发放了签证。王月眉就是当时拿到记者签证者之一。Further exchanges were supposed to follow, but the agreement withered and some of the American correspondents never arrived in China or visited only briefly.原定后续还会进行更多人员交换，但该协议不了了之，部分美国记者始终未能抵达中国，或仅做短暂停留。In his statement, Mr. Kahn noted that The Times has reported on China since the 1850s and remains “committed to covering the country fully and fairly, with correspondents based in China and around the region.”周看在声明中指出，《纽约时报》自19世纪50年代起便在中国进行报道，并且始终“致力于通过派驻中国和周边地区的记者全面、公正地报道中国”。He urged the governments of both the United States and China to reverse the recent deterioration in journalist access and to prioritize a freer flow of information between the countries.他呼吁美中两国政府共同扭转近年来记者派驻方面不断恶化的趋势，将推动两国之间更自由的信息流动置于优先地位。Michael Crowley为《纽约时报》报道国务院和美国外交政策。他曾在30多个国家进行报道，经常与国务卿一起出访。翻译：纽约时报中文网点击查看本文英文版。