KALLEY HUANG2026年6月3日Meta, Coinbase and Block have each laid off at least 10 percent of their employees in recent months and partly blamed artificial intelligence. About 13,000 jobs were eliminated among the three companies.Meta、Coinbase和Block近几个月各自裁减了至少10%的员工，并将部分原因归咎于人工智能。三家公司总共削减了约1.3万个岗位。But the cuts also came after big changes and growing questions about their businesses. Meta backed away from its big bet on the so-called metaverse, which cost the company about $80 billion. Coinbase’s chief executive, Brian Armstrong, said that its business remained volatile and that there was “a down market” for cryptocurrency. And Block’s top executive, Jack Dorsey, acknowledged that the company had grown too much during the pandemic, tripling its work force from 2019 to 2022.但这些裁员也发生在公司业务发生重大变化且面临越来越多质疑之时。Meta放弃了在所谓元宇宙上的巨额押注，该项目已耗资约800亿美元。Coinbase首席执行官布莱恩·阿姆斯特朗表示，公司业务仍波动不定，目前加密货币市场处于“低迷期”。Block首席执行官杰克·多尔西承认，公司在疫情期间扩张过度，2019年至2022年间员工人数增加了两倍。Layoffs in the tech industry are accelerating, whatever the motivations of executives. So far this year, more than 150 technology companies have cut a total of at least 115,000 employees, according to Layoffs.fyi, which tracks job cuts in the industry.无论高管们的真实动机如何，科技行业的裁员正在加速。根据追踪行业裁员情况的Layoffs.fyi网站，今年迄今已有超过150家科技公司总共裁减了至少11.5万名员工。That drip-drip of layoffs has become a steady stream in recent weeks. Companies slashing their staffs have run the gamut from software providers like Atlassian and Autodesk, to social networking apps like Pinterest and LinkedIn, to financial technology companies like Intuit and PayPal.最近几周，裁员潮已经从涓涓细流变成持续不断的洪流。进行大规模裁员的公司涵盖了各种类型，从Atlassian和Autodesk等软件供应商，到Pinterest和LinkedIn等社交网络应用，再到Intuit和PayPal等金融科技公司。But in more than a few cases, the recent layoffs have coincided with other business issues. Wall Street loves an A.I. story right now. That, analysts and economists say, has offered a smoke screen for companies looking to beef up profits or patch over old mistakes.其中不少公司近期在裁员的同时也面临其他业务问题。目前华尔街热衷于人工智能故事，分析师和经济学家表示，这为那些希望提升利润或掩盖以往错误的公司提供了一种掩护。Cutting jobs to make way for A.I. is “a nice excuse, but some of these aren’t necessarily the best, most well-run companies,” said Mark Mahaney, an analyst at the investment bank Evercore. “They may have overhired, or they may be losing market share. There may be other issues.”投资银行Evercore的分析师马克·马哈尼表示：“用裁员为人工智能让路是一个不错的借口，但其中一些公司并非最优秀、管理最完善的企业。它们可能过度招聘，也可能正在失去市场份额，还可能存在其他问题。”When Snap’s chief executive, Evan Spiegel, laid off 1,000 people in April, for example, he said the company needed to turn a profit, which it has done in only three quarters since going public in 2017. But he also said A.I. was improving efficiency at the company, with “small squads leveraging A.I. tools to drive meaningful progress across several important initiatives.”例如，Snap首席执行官埃文·斯皮格尔在4月裁员1000人时表示，公司需要实现盈利，而自2017年上市以来，他们只有三个季度实现了盈利。但他同时提到，人工智能正在提升公司效率，“小型团队借助人工智能工具在多个重要项目中取得显著进展。”Meta’s turn toward A.I. was timed with a big shift away from its giant metaverse project. During the pandemic, the company hired thousands of people to work on the effort, saying it would add 10,000 employees in the European Union. From 2019 to 2022, Meta doubled in size to about 87,000 employees.Meta在转向人工智能的同时也大幅放弃了其庞大的元宇宙项目。疫情期间，公司雇佣了数千人投入该项目，并表示将在欧盟新增1万名员工。从2019年到2022年，Meta员工规模翻了一番，达到约8.7万人。Since then, Meta has steadily trimmed from its augmented and virtual reality unit as it has funneled money into A.I. In April, Meta said it would spend $125 billion to $145 billion this year on capital expenditures like data centers, more than double its spending last year. Last month, Meta laid off 8,000 people, or 10 percent of its work force, even though its most recent quarterly profit was nearly $27 billion.此后，Meta在增强现实和虚拟现实部门持续裁员，同时将资金投入人工智能。今年4月，Meta宣布今年将在数据中心等资本支出上投入1250亿至1450亿美元，是去年的两倍多。上个月，Meta裁员8000人（占员工总数的10%），尽管其最近一个季度的利润接近270亿美元。“All these cuts are happening, and there are record profits,” said Ava Sazanami, who worked for Meta from 2022 to 2025. A.I. “is actually not costing any less money,” she added. “It is an excuse to some extent.”“在这么多裁员的同时，公司利润却创下纪录，”曾在2022年至2025年任职于Meta的阿瓦·萨扎纳米说。人工智能“实际上并没有更省钱，在某种程度上它只是一个借口。”Last month, Meta also reassigned 7,000 employees to work on A.I. tools and apps. The company has been pushing its workers to adopt A.I., factoring their use of the technology into performance reviews and tracking employees’ computers to gather training data for its own A.I.上个月，Meta还将7000名员工重新分配到人工智能工具和应用相关工作。公司一直推动员工采用人工智能，将其使用情况纳入绩效评估，并跟踪员工电脑以收集自家人工智能的训练数据。“We’re seeing more and more examples where one or two people are building something in a week that would have previously taken dozens of people months,” Mark Zuckerberg, Meta’s chief executive, said during a call with investors in April.Meta首席执行官马克·扎克伯格在4月的一次投资者电话会议上表示：“我们看到越来越多的例子，之前需要几十个人花几个月才能完成的工作，现在一两个人一周就能完成。”Meta said its layoffs, reassignments and other personnel changes varied by team. Coinbase and Snap declined to comment. Block did not respond to requests for comment.Meta表示，其裁员、岗位调整和其他人事变动因团队而异。Coinbase和Snap拒绝置评。Block未回应置评请求。Many other companies have said they are cutting jobs to help free up money for A.I. projects. Intuit laid off about 3,000 people last month so it could devote more resources to its “big bets,” including expanding its “A.I.-native platform,” Sasan Goodarzi, its chief executive, said in a memo to employees.许多其他公司也表示正在通过裁员来腾出资金投入人工智能项目。Intuit上个月裁员约3000人，以便将更多资源投入其“豪赌”，包括扩展“AI-原生平台”，该公司首席执行官萨桑·古达尔齐在给员工的备忘录中表示。Cisco’s chief executive, Chuck Robbins, said the company would invest “in our employees’ use of A.I. across the company” as it cut 4,000 employees last month. And Microsoft offered early retirement in April to roughly 7 percent of its employees in the United States, or thousands of people, as it planned to spend about $190 billion this year on capital expenditures like data centers.思科首席执行官查克·罗宾斯表示，公司在上个月裁员4000人的同时，将“投资员工在全公司范围内使用人工智能”。微软4月提供提前退休计划，涉及数千人，约占美国雇员总数的7%，同时计划今年在数据中心等资本支出上投入约1900亿美元。Perhaps the most blunt explanation for job cuts has come from Cloudflare’s chief executive, Matthew Prince. When the company, which provides various internet services, laid off 1,100 people last month, he said in a memo to employees that the cuts were “not a cost-cutting exercise or an assessment of individuals’ performance.”Cloudflare首席执行官马修·普林斯给出了或许最直白的裁员理由。上个月公司裁员1100人时，他在给员工的备忘录中表示，此次裁员“并非成本削减措施，也不是对个人绩效的评估”。Mr. Prince said his company was restructuring for “the agentic A.I. era,” referring to digital assistants that can do tasks by themselves. In an opinion essay in The Wall Street Journal, he said the technology would replace workers he called “measurers” — people with jobs in sectors like internal audit, compliance, finance, marketing and operations — and middle managers.普林斯表示，公司正在为“智能体人工智能时代”进行重组，即指能够自主完成任务的数字助手。他在《华尔街日报》的一篇观点文章中称，该技术将取代他称为“衡量者”的员工——那些在内部审计、合规、财务、营销和运营等部门工作的人，以及中层管理者。Intuit, Cisco, Microsoft and Cloudflare declined to comment.Intuit、思科、微软和Cloudflare均拒绝置评。The rest of the economy has not yet seen sweeping job cuts because of A.I., said Daniel Keum, an associate professor of management at Columbia Business School.哥伦比亚商学院管理学副教授丹尼尔·基姆表示，经济的其他领域尚未因人工智能出现大规模裁员。“There are certain segments of the labor market where we’re starting to see real impact,” like “tech-concentrated sectors for juniors and new graduates,” Mr. Keum said. “If you’re a junior who graduated in the past two years — or, even worse, if you graduated this year — then hiring is getting cut.”“在某些劳动力市场细分领域，我们开始看到真实影响，”基姆说，比如“科技密集型行业针对初级职位和新毕业生的岗位”。“如果你是过去两年毕业的应届生——或者更糟，今年刚毕业——那么招聘机会正在减少。”But relief for tech workers doesn’t appear to be on the horizon. Andy Jassy, Amazon’s chief executive, said last year that the company expected to operate with fewer corporate employees in the coming years “as we get efficiency gains from using A.I. extensively across the company.” Amazon laid off 14,000 corporate employees in October and 16,000 more in January, saying those cuts were to reduce bureaucracy.但科技从业者似乎看不到情况好转的希望。亚马逊首席执行官安迪·贾西去年表示，随着公司在全公司范围内广泛使用人工智能获得效率提升，未来几年公司预计将以更少的员工运营。亚马逊10月裁员1.4万名集团员工，今年1月又裁减1.6万人，称这些裁员旨在减少官僚风气。For college graduates with computer science degrees just entering the work force, getting a job could be a struggle. In addition to the layoffs, Meta said it would close 6,000 roles it had planned to fill. Snap said it would close 300 open roles. Although A.I. companies are still hiring, the technology has led some start-ups to hire many fewer people.对于刚进入职场的计算机科学专业大学毕业生来说，找工作可能变得很难。除了裁员之外，Meta表示将取消原本计划招聘的6000个职位。Snap表示将取消300个开放职位。虽然人工智能公司仍在招聘，但该技术已导致一些初创公司大幅减少招聘人数。“A.I. is causing this isolated recession for college graduates now,” Mr. Keum said. “Is that going to slow down? My answer is no. It’s going to accelerate.”“人工智能正在引发当前针对大学毕业生的局部衰退，”基姆说。“这种情况会放缓吗？我的答案是不会。它只会加速。”Kalley Huang是《纽约时报》记者，常驻旧金山，报道苹果和科技业。翻译：经雷点击查看本文英文版。