MAGGIE HABERMAN, JONATHAN SWAN, JULIAN E. BARNES, TRIPP MICKLE2026年11月9日今年春天，一份备忘录在特朗普政府高层官员中传阅，警告称英伟达首席执行官黄仁勋与一名中国间谍关系密切。 Lisi Niesner/ReutersSecretary of State Marco Rubio oversaw the drafting of the highly classified memo this past spring warning top Trump administration officials that Nvidia’s chief executive, Jensen Huang, was in a close relationship with a Chinese spy, multiple people briefed on the matter said.多位听取了相关简报的人士表示，今年春天，国务卿马尔科·鲁比奥监督起草了一份高度机密的备忘录，向特朗普政府高层发出警告，指出英伟达首席执行官黄仁勋与一名中国间谍关系密切。The document was based on classified intelligence from electronic surveillance of Alice Huang, a Chinese citizen who was a senior executive at a Singapore-based company that was buying Nvidia’s advanced artificial intelligence chips and being investigated for illegally smuggling them into China. U.S. officials had concluded that Ms. Huang was in a close relationship with the Nvidia chief, who is no relation, and that she had been recruited to spy by China’s top intelligence agency, the Ministry of State Security.该文件基于对中国公民黄乐（音，英文名Alice Huang)进行电子监控所获取的机密情报。她是一家新加坡公司高管，该公司当时正采购英伟达的先进人工智能芯片，并因涉嫌将这些芯片非法走私至中国而接受调查。美国官员已得出结论，黄女士与这位英伟达掌门人（两人无亲属关系）关系密切，且她已被中国最高情报机构国家安全部招募为间谍。Mr. Rubio’s involvement in warning administration officials about the situation has not been previously reported. It highlights how concerns about the relationship and the spying were known to senior officials even as Mr. Huang, a pivotal figure in the explosive growth of A.I., remained an influential voice with Mr. Trump over policy on the issue.鲁比奥参与向政府官员通报情况一事此前未被报道。这凸显出高级官员已经知晓这段关系及对间谍活动的担忧，尽管黄仁勋作为AI爆炸性增长的一个关键人物，在相关政策上至今仍能对特朗普施加重要影响力。Mr. Huang has opposed calls for more tightly regulating the export of the most advanced A.I. chips and has pushed to be able to sell all but the most recently developed technology to China, the main competitor to the United States in the global rush for A.I. supremacy.黄仁勋一直反对对最先进人工智能芯片出口实施更严格监管，并积极推动将除最新研发技术以外的所有技术出售给中国。在全球争夺人工智能主导权的角逐中，中国是美国的主要竞争对手。On Sunday, Nvidia said it was opening an investigation into Mr. Huang after he acknowledged that he had been intimate with Ms. Huang, though the company said it had “no reason to believe that either national security or Nvidia secrets were compromised.”周日，英伟达表示，在黄仁勋承认曾与黄女士有亲密关系后，公司正对他展开调查，不过该公司也表示“没有理由相信国家安全或英伟达的机密遭到了泄露”。In a message to the company, Mr. Huang apologized.在致公司的一则消息中，黄仁勋表达了歉意。“I was unfaithful to my wife,” he said. “My actions hurt her and our children. There is no excuse for what I did. I am deeply sorry.”“我对妻子不忠，”他说，“我的行为伤害了她和我们的孩子。我的所作所为没有任何借口。我深表歉意。”A State Department spokesman and a White House spokeswoman declined to comment.美国国务院发言人及白宫女发言人均拒绝置评。Mr. Rubio’s memo was circulated to administration officials with high-level security clearances ahead of a trip Mr. Trump took to China in May, the people briefed on the matter said. They spoke on the condition of anonymity to discuss sensitive material.听取了简报的人士称，在特朗普5月访华前，鲁比奥的备忘录被分发给了拥有高级别安全权限的政府官员。因讨论敏感材料，这些人士要求匿名。Despite his status as an A.I. pioneer and head of one of the world’s most valuable companies, Mr. Huang was initially left off the list of major business and tech executives invited to join Mr. Trump in China. It is unclear whether the exclusion was connected to the memo. By that point, a number of people inside the administration were concerned about Mr. Huang’s influence on the president’s policy of only lightly regulating A.I., people briefed on the matter said.尽管是人工智能领域的先驱，也是全球最具价值公司之一的掌门人，但黄仁勋最初并未被列入受邀陪同特朗普访华的主要商业和科技高管名单中。目前尚不清楚这一决定是否与该备忘录有关。听取了简报的人士表示，那时政府内部已有一些人对黄仁勋影响政策的能力感到担忧——总统对人工智能仅实施了轻度的监管。After Mr. Trump saw media coverage about Mr. Huang being absent from the delegation, the president asked him to join the trip by meeting Air Force One during a layover in Alaska. The president drafted a social media post saying that it was an honor to have “the Great Jensen Huang,” and other business leaders “journeying to the Great Country of China where I will be asking President Xi, a Leader of extraordinary distinction, to ‘open up’ China so that these brilliant people can work their magic.”看到媒体关于黄仁勋缺席代表团的报道后，特朗普总统要求他在阿拉斯加中转期间与“空军一号”会合，以此加入此次行程。总统起草了一篇社交媒体帖子，称很荣幸能有“伟大的黄仁勋”和其他商业领袖“前往伟大的中国，在那里我将请求杰出非凡的领导人习近平主席‘开放’中国，以便这些才华横溢的人能够施展他们的魔力。”The New York Times reported last month that Mr. Trump was briefed roughly a year ago that the U.S. intelligence community had electronic surveillance of Ms. Huang, and believed that she was an operative working for China’s intelligence services. The surveillance revealed a close relationship between Ms. Huang and a U.S. citizen. When officials asked for the name of the U.S. citizen to be “unmasked” — given Americans’ identities are routinely protected from foreign surveillance — it was revealed to be the Nvidia chief executive.《纽约时报》上个月报道称，特朗普在大约一年前曾听取简报，得知美国情报界对黄女士进行了电子监控，并认为她是效力于中国情报机构的特工。监控显示黄女士与一名美国公民关系密切。当官员们要求“揭示”该美国公民的姓名时（美国人的身份通常受到保护以免受涉外情报监控），结果显示此人正是英伟达首席执行官。The president chose at that point not to take any action. He has viewed Nvidia’s chips as integral to America’s competition with China in A.I. He sees Nvidia’s success as crucial to maintaining a robust stock market.总统当时选择不采取任何行动。他一直将英伟达的芯片视为美国在人工智能领域对华竞争中不可或缺的一部分，并认为英伟达的成功是维持股市强劲势头的关键。Ms. Huang speaks English well and has relationships with executives at the highest levels of the A.I. chip industry, including with Mr. Huang and the leaders of Gigabyte, one of the top assemblers of Nvidia supercomputers, people who have met her said.曾与黄乐会面的人士透露，她英语流利，并与人工智能芯片行业的最高层高管保持着关系，其中包括黄仁勋以及英伟达超级计算机顶级组装商之一技嘉的领导人。It is unclear when Ms. Huang first met Nvidia’s leader. In 2024, around the time the two of them were photographed together with other industry executives at a bar in Taipei, her company, Megaspeed, began a multibillion-dollar purchase of advanced A.I. microchips.目前尚不清楚黄乐是何时结识这位英伟达领导人的。2024年，大约在他们两人与其他行业高管在台北一家酒吧被拍到合影的同时，她的公司Megaspeed开始了价值数十亿美元的先进人工智能微芯片采购计划。Nvidia officials have said that Mr. Huang’s interactions with Ms. Huang were “not unusual or unexpected” and consistent with the kinds of meetings he has with any of Nvidia’s many customers. The company has also said customers like Megaspeed do not receive classified business information.英伟达高管表示，黄仁勋与黄女士的互动“并不反常或出人意料”，且与他同英伟达众多客户中任何一位会面的情况一致。该公司还表示，像Megaspeed这样的客户不会接触到机密商业信息。In recent years, Megaspeed, despite having essentially a storefront office and little local footprint, purchased $2 billion worth of Nvidia’s products. Megaspeed builds data centers in Southeast Asia that rent out their computing power to Alibaba, the giant Chinese internet company. U.S. officials suspect Megaspeed has been helping smuggle restricted advanced Nvidia chips into China.近年来，Megaspeed尽管实质上只有一个门面办公室，在当地几乎没有业务足迹，却采购了价值20亿美元的英伟达产品。Megaspeed在东南亚建设数据中心，将其算力出租给中国互联网巨头阿里巴巴。美国官员怀疑，Megaspeed一直在协助将受限的先进英伟达芯片走私至中国。Ms. Huang has not responded to attempts to reach her.本报多次尝试联系黄乐未获回应。Maggie Haberman是《纽约时报》白宫记者，报道特朗普总统。Jonathan Swan是《纽约时报》白宫记者，报道特朗普总统。Julian E. Barnes为《纽约时报》报道美国情报机构和国际安全事务。他撰写安全相关议题已有20余年。Tripp Mickle报道英伟达、谷歌和苹果等全球最大的科技公司。他也报道整个科技行业的趋势，包括裁员、生成式AI和机器人出租车等。翻译：纽约时报中文网点击查看本文英文版。