ANA SWANSON, KALLEY HUANG, KEITH BRADSHER2026年11月9日北京的一处高科技企业工业园区。新矩阵公司将该建筑列为其地址，但园区公司名录中并未收录该企业。 The New York TimesIn a recently built industrial park on the northwest fringe of Beijing, the listed address of a company called New Matrix stands empty, a hollow gray shell with wires dangling from the ceiling where lights should be.在北京西北郊一个最近建成的工业园区里，一家名为新矩阵的公司登记地址空无一人，那是一个空荡荡的灰色房间，天花板上本该装灯的地方垂着电线。Earlier this year, the Trump administration approved this Chinese firm to assemble Nvidia’s advanced chips into the computers that create artificial intelligence. President Trump allowed the sale of the chips, called the H200, to China late last year. But before they could be sold, the Commerce Department was required to review the companies involved for national security risks.今年早些时候，特朗普政府批准这家中国公司组装英伟达的先进芯片，用于创建人工智能的计算机。特朗普去年年底允许向中国出售这种名为H200的芯片。但在芯片出售之前，美国商务部必须对相关企业进行审查，以评估其是否存在国家安全风险。New Matrix passed that review. Yet recent checks by The New York Times found that, within China, there is little evidence the firm actually exists, raising questions about who in China is behind the company.新矩阵通过了这项审查。然而，《纽约时报》近期的核查发现，在中国国内，几乎没有证据表明这家公司真实存在，这引发了关于究竟是谁在幕后掌控这家公司的疑问。Only scant information can be found online about New Matrix, which was created 17 months ago. At the building that New Matrix lists as its address, a company directory does not include the firm. At the nearby property management agency for the industrial park, a receptionist and a manager both said they had no record of the company.关于这家17个月前成立的公司，网上只能找到极少信息。在新矩阵登记地址所在的大楼里，公司名录中没有这家公司。在附近工业园区的物业管理处，一名接待员和一名经理都说没有该公司的记录。According to Chinese corporate records, New Matrix’s owners have ties to a prominent Chinese private equity fund that the U.S. government placed on a trade blacklist in 2024. Two analysts who examined the corporate records and other Chinese-language information said they believed New Matrix may be a front for firms associated with that fund.根据中国企业登记记录，新矩阵的所有者与一家知名中国私募股权基金有关联，该基金已于2024年被美国政府列入贸易黑名单。两名审查了公司记录和其他中文信息的分析师表示，他们认为新矩阵可能是与该基金有关公司的幌子。The sale of chips to New Matrix appears to be part of a pattern that has concerned technology experts inside and outside the government: The Commerce Department is giving clearance to buy and handle Nvidia’s chips to Chinese companies with ties to firms that have been subject to national-security-related trade restrictions.芯片流向新矩阵似乎是令政府内外技术专家担忧的一种模式的一部分：美国商务部正在批准某些中国公司购买和处理英伟达芯片，而这些公司与此前被列入国家安全相关贸易限制的中国企业有关联。Nvidia’s chips are the crucial technology in A.I. data centers and now one of the world’s most coveted commodities. They are also at the heart of the economic and geopolitical competition between the United States and China.英伟达的芯片是人工智能数据中心的关键技术，如今也是世界上最抢手的商品之一。它们也是美中经济与地缘政治竞争的核心。Corporate records show that several other Chinese companies approved to purchase H200 chips or assemble them into servers have ties to firms that have been blacklisted by the U.S. government, or that work as military contractors in China.公司记录显示，其他几家获准购买H200芯片或将其组装成服务器的中国公司与被美国政府列入黑名单的公司有关联，或者在中国担任军事承包商运营。Liza Tobin, the former China director for the White House National Security Council in the first Trump and Biden administrations, said the approvals raised questions about how rigorously the Trump administration is policing who can get their hands on Nvidia’s chips.曾在特朗普和拜登政府时期担任白宫国家安全委员会中国事务主任的莉莎·托宾说，这些批准引发了疑问：特朗普政府在监管谁能获得英伟达芯片方面究竟有多严格。“I have a ton of concerns that neither the Commerce Department or Nvidia is doing the due diligence needed to ensure that the licensing terms are being followed,” she said.“我有很多担忧，商务部和英伟达都没有进行必要的尽职调查，以确保许可条款得到遵守，”她说。英伟达首席执行官黄仁勋，该公司的芯片是人工智能数据中心的关键技术，如今已成为全球最抢手的商品之一。During the Biden administration, the United States began more broadly restricting sales of A.I. chips to China out of concern the technology would help China advance militarily. But Mr. Trump eased some of those limits after lobbying by Nvidia’s chief executive, Jensen Huang, with whom he has grown close during his second term.在拜登政府时期，美国开始更广泛地限制向中国出售人工智能芯片，担心该技术会帮助中国推进军事发展。但特朗普在英伟达首席执行官黄仁勋的游说下放松了部分限制，他在第二任期内与黄仁勋的关系日益密切。In December, Mr. Trump gave Nvidia permission to sell the H200, an older but still powerful A.I. chip, to China, as long as the U.S. government was given a cut of the sales.去年12月，特朗普允许英伟达向中国出售H200——一款较旧但仍性能强大的人工智能芯片，条件是美国政府从销售中抽成。In an unusual arrangement, Mr. Trump is requiring these chips, which are assembled in Taiwan, to be routed through the United States on their way to China, so that the government can collect a 25 percent tariff on their value.在一项不同寻常的安排中，特朗普要求这些在台湾组装的芯片在运往中国途中经过美国，以便政府对其价值征收25%的关税。Nvidia is now selling only small amounts of H200 chips to China. The Chinese government has been slow to approve its companies for the purchases, partly because it is trying to promote domestically made chips.英伟达目前只向中国出售少量H200芯片。中国政府一直缓慢批准本国公司购买，部分原因是它试图推广国产芯片。Although China is a potentially huge market for A.I. technology, sales directly to the country currently account for only a tiny percentage of Nvidia’s revenue. In the quarter that ended in July, H200 shipments to customers based in China made up less than 1 percent of Nvidia’s revenue from data centers. The company also said in August that it was not assuming any sales to China in its estimate for data center revenue for the current quarter.尽管中国是人工智能技术的潜在巨大市场，但直接对华销售目前仅占英伟达收入的很小比例。在截至7月的财季中，向位于中国的客户交付H200的出货量不到英伟达数据中心收入的1%。公司还在8月表示，在对本财季度数据中心营收的预估中，并未将对华销售额纳入考量。But many Chinese companies are gaining access to Nvidia chips through data centers in Southeast Asia, and the chips still appear to be a critical focus for Beijing. The Times reported last month that Mr. Huang of Nvidia had a close relationship with a woman who American spy agencies concluded was an intelligence asset for China. The company she worked at, Megaspeed, operated data centers in Southeast Asia that served Chinese clients and was being investigated for smuggling some chips into China. On Sunday, Nvidia said that it was opening an investigation into Mr. Huang’s relationship with the woman after he acknowledged to the company’s board that he had been intimate with her.但许多中国企业正通过东南亚的数据中心获得英伟达芯片，而这些芯片似乎仍是北京关注的焦点。《纽约时报》上个月报道，英伟达的黄仁勋与一名女性关系密切，美国间谍机构认定她是中国的情报人员。她所在的公司Megaspeed在东南亚运营数据中心，为中国客户服务，并因涉嫌将一些芯片走私到中国而受到调查。周日，英伟达表示，在黄仁勋向公司董事会承认他与该女性有亲密关系后，公司正在调查黄仁勋与她的关系。《纽约时报》记者走访时发现，获特朗普政府批准将英伟达的先进芯片组装成人工智能计算机的新矩阵公司登记地址处空无一人。Another Empty Office另一个空办公室When the Commerce Department granted its approval to New Matrix this year, the company’s registered address was at a compound on the outskirts of Beijing used for corporate registrations, where thousands of other firms are also registered on paper, according to the Chinese corporate information site Qichacha. But this fall, New Matrix’s address changed to the empty office in the industrial park visited by The Times.根据中国公司信息网站企查查，今年美国商务部对新矩阵给与批准之时，该公司的注册地址在北京郊区一个用于公司注册的园区，该园区还有数千家其他公司于名义上在此注册。但今年秋天，新矩阵的地址变更为《纽约时报》探访的工业园区那间空办公室。New Matrix’s website does not name any staff members, advertise any jobs or include information about its history, as of Nov. 6. But two of its primary owners appear in the records of companies connected to a Chinese private equity firm under sanctions and its founder, a man named Li Bin, according to WireScreen, a data platform.截至11月6日，新矩阵的网站没有列出任何员工姓名，没有布任何招聘信息，也没有包含关于其历史的信息。但根据数据平台WireScreen，其两名主要所有者出现在一家受制裁的中国私募股权公司及其创始人的关联企业记录中，该创始人名为李斌。In 2024, the U.S. government added the private equity firm, Wise Road, to the Commerce Department’s “entity list,” which restricts companies from doing business with the United States. The department said Wise Road had helped the Chinese government acquire strategically sensitive companies with chip technology.2024年，美国政府将这家名为智路资本的私募股权公司列入商务部的“实体清单”，限制其与美国做生意。商务部称，智路资本曾协助中国政府收购拥有芯片技术的战略敏感企业。Mr. Li is also the chairman of Tsinghua Unigroup, a technology conglomerate with government ownership. In 2021, one of Tsinghua Unigroup’s subsidiaries, New H3C Semiconductor Technologies, was added to the entity list for working with the Chinese military.李斌同时还担任清华紫光集团董事长，这是一家国有的科技集团。2021年，清华紫光的一家子公司新华三半导体技术有限公司因与中国军方合作而被列入实体清单。New Matrix is the second Chinese company approved to handle Nvidia’s H200 chips that does not seem to have any physical presence at its listed address.新矩阵是第二家获准处理英伟达H200芯片、但其登记地址处似乎没有任何实体办公场所的中国公司。今年9月，时报一名记者前往Maginfra的注册地址，那里看起来空无一人。In September, The Times reported that another recently created Chinese firm called Maginfra had also received a license for H200s. Like New Matrix, Maginfra appears to have been approved not as the ultimate buyer of the chips, but as a company that would assemble them into A.I. servers for another customer.《纽约时报》于9月报道称，另一家名为Maginfra的中国新成立公司也获得了H200芯片的出口许可。与New Matrix类似，Maginfra 获批的身份似乎并非这批芯片的最终买家，而是一家为其他客户将芯片组装进人工智能服务器的代工企业。But when a Times reporter visited Maginfra’s listed address in China in September, it also appeared deserted. A few chairs and empty desks sat inside a small locked room with no signs. Workers on the floor said they had not seen anyone use the office, and building receptionists said they had not heard of Maginfra.但时报记者9月前往Maginfra在中国的注册地址时，发现那里也空无一人。一间上了锁的小房间里摆放着几把椅子和几张空桌子，没有任何标识。该楼层的员工表示从未见过有人使用过这间办公室，大楼的前台接待人员则表示从未听说过Maginfra这家公司。Analysts said they believed Maginfra was an offshoot of Inspur, a company whose headquarters were near Maginfra’s listed address. The U.S. government has added Inspur to the entity list for working with the Chinese military. Maginfra and Inspur share personnel and patents, and both have government ownership.分析人士认为，Maginfra是浪潮集团(Inspur)的子公司，而浪潮集团的总部就在Maginfra的注册地址附近。美国政府已将浪潮集团列入实体清单，理由是其与中国军方有业务往来。Maginfra和浪潮集团共享人员和专利，且两家公司均有国资背景。Military Ties军方关系Other Chinese companies that have been approved for licenses to buy Nvidia’s H200 chips also have ties through their corporate owners to military suppliers, according to people familiar with the approvals and documents viewed by The Times.据熟悉审判情况的人士和《纽约时报》看到的文件，其他获准购买英伟达H200芯片许可证的中国公司也通过其公司所有者与军事供应商存在关联。One, called Zhejiang Yindun Cloud Technology, has ties to a cloud computing giant that has sold services to military contractors, called Range Intelligent Computing Technology Group. Yindun is partly operated from a data center owned by Range, and several of its executives are family members of Range’s founder.其中一家名为浙江银盾云科技的公司与云计算巨头润泽智算科技集团有关联，润泽智算曾向军事承包商出售服务。银盾部分业务在润泽拥有的数据中心运营，其几名高管是润泽创始人的家庭成员。Range serves as the cloud computing provider for a satellite program run by the defense bureau of Hebei province, which it has described on its website as serving the strategic needs of “national defense development.” It also started a subsidiary in 2016 to focus on quantum communications for the Chinese government and military. Part of the subsidiary is owned by a firm that the United States added to the entity list in 2021 for acquiring American items for the Chinese military.润泽是河北省国防部门运营的一个卫星项目的云计算提供商，该公司在其网站上称该项目服务于“国防发展”的战略需求。它还在2016年成立了一家子公司，专注于为中国政府和军方提供量子通信。该子公司部分股权由一家公司拥有，美国因该公司为中国军队采购美国物品，已于2021年将其列入实体清单。Another company licensed to purchase H200 chips, Shanghai Jiatang, grew out of a state-owned enterprise called Datang Telecom, a chipmaker that provides technology to the Chinese military. Datang is controlled by the China Academy of Telecommunications Technology, a state-owned enterprise that has developed cryptography for the Chinese military.另一家获准购买H200芯片的公司上海嘉唐源自一家名为大唐电信的国有企业。大唐电信是一家向中国军方提供技术的芯片制造商。大唐由中国电信科学技术研究院控制，这是一家为中国军方开发密码技术的国有企业。Shanghai Jiatang, Yindun Cloud and Maginfra did not respond to requests for comment.上海嘉唐、银盾云科技和Maginfra没有回应置评请求。Ana Swanson报道贸易和国际经济新闻，常驻华盛顿。她从事新闻工作已超过十年。Kalley Huang是时报驻旧金山记者，报道苹果公司和科技行业。Keith Bradsher是《纽约时报》北京分社社长，此前曾任上海分社社长、香港分社社长、底特律分社社长，以及华盛顿记者。他在新冠疫情期间常驻中国进行报道。翻译：纽约时报中文网点击查看本文英文版。获取更多RSS：https://feedx.net https://feedx.site