Like cholesterol, inflammation causally contributes to the risk of cardiovascular disease, but findings from the clinical trial ZEUS indicate that the road to targeting inflammation may be less straightforward than once thought. ZEUS, a global phase 3 clinical trial led by Mass General Brigham researcher Paul Ridker, M.D., tested a drug that targets interleukin-6 (IL-6), a downstream inflammatory molecule. IL-6 inhibitors are commonly used to treat autoimmune disorders. However, while the new drug known as ziltivekimab lowered IL-6 levels, it did not reduce cardiovascular event rates compared to placebo.