艾莎, CATIE EDMONDSON2026年5月21日上周，特朗普总统在北京与中国最高领导人习近平共同出席国宴。 Kenny Holston/The New York TimesThe Chinese government on Wednesday sought to draw a line on trade tensions with the United States, saying that both sides had agreed not to raise tariffs further while signaling that it could retaliate if Washington did so again.周三，中国政府试图为中美贸易紧张局势划定底线，称双方已同意不再进一步提高关税，同时暗示若华盛顿再次提高关税，中方将采取报复措施。China also confirmed for the first time that it would buy American beef and Boeing airplanes, two deals that President Trump touted after his summit with China’s leader, Xi Jinping, last week.中国还首次确认，将采购美国牛肉与波音飞机。这两项交易是特朗普总统上周与中国国家主席习近平会晤后大力宣扬的成果。In a statement on Wednesday, China’s Ministry of Commerce said that Beijing had agreed to buy 200 Boeing planes, a transaction that would mark the largest single Chinese purchase of the American manufacturer’s aircraft in nearly a decade. The ministry also confirmed that Beijing had approved American slaughterhouses to resume exporting beef to China, giving a green light to more than 600 U.S. companies after an initially muddled notice last week.商务部周三发布声明称，中方同意购买200架波音飞机，这是近十年来中国对该美国制造商的最大单笔采购。商务部还确认，中方已批准美国屠宰场恢复对华牛肉出口，在上周一份最初令人困惑的通知后，为600多家美国企业开了绿灯。The announcements came in a online posting by the Ministry of Commerce five days after the two leaders’ meeting in Beijing. Mr. Trump and other American officials have since hailed the summit’s success and the commercial commitments secured from Beijing.上述公告由商务部在网上发布，距离两国领导人在北京会晤已过去五天。特朗普及美方官员纷纷盛赞此次峰会的成功，以及中方作出的商业承诺。But critical points of friction remained unresolved, particularly over tariffs. Mr. Trump, for his part, told reporters afterward: “We didn’t discuss tariffs.”但关键摩擦点仍未解决，尤其是关税问题。特朗普事后对记者称：“我们没有讨论关税。”On Wednesday, China’s commerce ministry pushed back on that account, saying the U.S. and China had “engaged in in-depth discussions on tariffs” during the latest negotiations. The ministry added that it hoped Washington would “honor its commitments” and ensure that U.S. tariff levels on Chinese goods would “not exceed the level stipulated” during talks last fall in South Korea, when the two sides had agreed to a tariff truce.周三，中国商务部对此予以反驳，称双方在近期谈判中“围绕关税问题深入沟通”。商务部并表示，希望美方“信守承诺”，确保对华商品关税水平“不能超过”去年秋季在韩国谈判时约定的水准——当时双方曾达成关税休战协议。It was the second time a Chinese official said tariffs were discussed during last week’s talks, a sign that Beijing may be laying the groundwork for retaliation in the future, said Dan Wang, China director at Eurasia Group.欧亚集团中国区主任王丹称，这是中国官员第二次提及上周会谈涉及关税议题，表明中方可能在为日后的报复做铺垫。“It reflects a base line for China that tariffs cannot go up,” Ms. Wang said. “Trump tried to downplay it. China will likely retaliate if tariffs do go up.”“这反映了中方的一个底线：关税不能上调，”王丹说。“特朗普试图淡化这件事。如果关税确实上调，中方很可能会报复。”Mr. Trump and Mr. Xi agreed to a yearlong truce in October that left tariffs on Chinese goods at 30 percent. But in February, those tariffs, along with Mr. Trump’s so-called reciprocal tariffs on other countries, were struck down after the Supreme Court ruled them illegal. The White House responded by imposing a 10 percent tariff on all imports under a temporary trade clause known as Section 122.去年10月，特朗普与习近平达成为期一年的关税休战，将中国商品的关税维持在30%。但今年2月，美国最高法院裁定该关税及特朗普对他国所谓“对等关税”非法，相关措施随即失效。白宫随后援引被称为“第122条”的临时贸易条款，对所有进口商品加征10%关税。U.S. Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent has since said the administration plans to revive the tariffs through investigations into forced labor and industrial overcapacity under Section 301, another trade provision. Experts have argued that the investigations are directed at China.此后，美国财政部长贝森特表示，政府计划根据另一项名为“第301条”的贸易条款，通过调查强迫劳动与工业产能过剩，重新实施关税。专家指出，这些调查针对中国。Mr. Trump, meanwhile, has preferred to emphasize the handful of trade wins.与此同时，特朗普更愿意强调少数几项贸易成果。Boeing, in particular, has long sought to regain its footing in the Chinese market, and Kelly Ortberg, the company’s chief executive, was among the American business leaders who accompanied Mr. Trump to Beijing. Nearly one in seven commercial planes in operation today flies in China.特别是波音公司，长期以来，它一直谋求重振在中国的市场地位，其首席执行官凯利·奥特伯格是随特朗普访华的美国商界领袖之一。目前全球运营的商用飞机中，每七架就有一架在中国飞行。But Boeing’s relationship with Beijing deteriorated after the worldwide grounding of the 737 MAX aircraft following two crashes less than five months apart that killed a total of 346 people. In 2020, citing the coronavirus pandemic, China canceled an outstanding order for 29 of the jets.但在不到五个月内接连发生两起空难，造成346人身亡，导致波音737 MAX全球停飞后，波音与北京的关系急剧恶化。2020年，中方以新冠疫情为由，取消29架该机型的未交付订单。Boeing resumed deliveries to China in 2024, but those shipments stalled last year as Mr. Trump raised tariffs on Chinese goods.波音2024年恢复对华交付，但随着特朗普提高对中国商品的关税，交付在去年陷入停滞。It remains unclear which aircraft models Beijing has agreed to purchase.目前尚不清楚北京同意采购的具体机型。Mr. Trump and Boeing have said that Beijing would reopen its market to the American aerospace company. But Chinese officials initially avoided comment.特朗普与波音称，中方将重新向这家美国航空企业开放市场，但中方官员起初对此避而不谈。That changed on Wednesday. “Aviation is a key area for deepening mutually beneficial cooperation between China and the United States,” the commerce ministry said in its statement.周三，情况出现转变。中国商务部在声明中表示：“航空是中美两国深化互利共赢合作的重点领域。”Speaking to reporters aboard Air Force One on Friday, Mr. Trump said that China had agreed to purchase “approximately 400, 450 engines, 200 planes and a promise of up to 750 if they do a good job.”特朗普周五在“空军一号”上对记者称，中方同意采购“大约400至450台发动机、200架飞机，而且承诺如果它们表现好，就买最多到750架”。It also remains unclear how much American beef China will ultimately buy after reinstating the registration of U.S. beef suppliers.此外，在恢复美国牛肉供应商注册后，中国最终将购买多少美国牛肉，目前仍不明朗。In the end, Beijing granted licenses to 690 American companies, after a confusing turn of events that briefly seemed as though official had reversed course and approved about 200.最终，北京向690家美国企业颁发了许可证。此前出现了一段令人困惑的波折，官方似乎曾经短暂改变做法，只批准了约200家企业。Still, the restoration of the U.S. beef trade may prove more symbolic than substantial. Beijing has been trying to shield domestic cattle farmers from a flood of imported meat.尽管如此，美国牛肉贸易的恢复可能象征意义大于实质影响。北京一直试图保护国内养牛户不受进口肉类冲击。Murphy Zhao对本文有报道贡献，Ruoxin Zhang和Li You对本文有研究贡献。艾莎(Alexandra Stevenson)是《纽约时报》上海分社社长，报道中国经济和社会新闻。Catie Edmondson为《纽约时报》报道国会新闻。翻译：纽约时报中文网点击查看本文英文版。获取更多RSS：https://feedx.net https://feedx.site