郭莉莉2026年11月13日2024年，英伟达首席执行官黄仁勋与黄乐在台湾台北。美国官员表示，一个间谍机构招募了她，以收集有关黄仁勋的情报。 Obtained By ReutersAt the height of the Cold War, a top official in China’s intelligence agency said that his country would never use seduction to entrap a person.在冷战正酣之时，中国情报机构的一名高官曾表示，中国绝不会利用美色给人设圈套。Such tactics might be for the C.I.A. or the K.G.B., the official named Kong Yuan, of the Central Investigation Department, told a group of agents in training in April 1960, but China was guided by principles. He looked at the few female comrades in the audience. “Rest assured, we will not be asking you to go run beauty traps.”1960年4月，这位名叫孔原的中央调查部官员在对一批受训特工讲话时表示，此类策略也许是中央情报局或克格勃的作风，但中国做事是讲原则的。他看着台下为数不多的女同志说：“放心，我们不会要求你们去施美人计。”Despite that pledge, captured in a 2010 memoir by a former Chinese diplomat, China’s intelligence services have for decades used romantic entanglements to compromise or extract information from prominent people.尽管一名前中国外交官在2010年的回忆录中记录了这一保证，但数十年来，中国情报部门一直利用浪漫纠葛来牵制知名人士，或从中套取信息。American officials say that China’s Ministry of State Security, which runs intelligence operations today, recruited a Chinese businesswoman to collect intelligence on Jensen Huang, the chief executive of Nvidia and one of the most powerful figures in the artificial intelligence boom.美国官员表示，目前负责情报行动的中国国家安全部招募了一名中国女商人，以收集有关英伟达首席执行官、人工智能热潮中最具权力的人物之一黄仁勋的情报。It was not clear what role the woman, Alice Huang, or Huang Le, might have had with the Chinese spy agency. Ms. Huang was a top executive of a Singapore company that operates data centers in Southeast Asia using Nvidia chips and that rents their computing power to Chinese firms.目前尚不清楚这位名为Alice Huang或黄乐的女子与中国间谍机构有何种关系。她是一家新加坡企业的高管，该公司在东南亚使用英伟达芯片运营数据中心，并将其算力出租给中国公司。Mr. Huang has acknowledged that he had an affair with Ms. Huang. President Trump has said that Mr. Huang told him that he was not aware that the woman was a spy. China has rejected the espionage allegations against Ms. Huang, calling them smears against the country. U.S. officials have not provided evidence for their claims. Ms. Huang has not responded to requests for comment.黄仁勋已承认他与黄乐有染。特朗普总统曾表示，黄仁勋告诉他自己并不知道该女子是间谍。中国否认了黄乐为间谍的指控，称这是对中国的抹黑。美国官员并未提供支持其主张的证据。黄乐未对置评请求作出回应。The use of relationships or seduction in the world of espionage is not new or unique to China. The tactic was made infamous by East Germany’s “Romeos,” male Stasi agents tasked with seducing the clerks of Western officials, and by the Soviet Union’s longtime use of sexual blackmail, among other examples.在间谍领域，利用人际关系或美色并非新鲜事，也非中国独有。这一策略因东德的“罗密欧”（奉命诱惑西方官员身边职员的男性斯塔西特工）以及苏联长期以使用性勒索而闻名。What is unique about China’s use of the tactic is the amount of time invested, according to Nicholas Eftimiades, a retired senior American intelligence officer who writes about China’s espionage operations.撰写过关于中国间谍行动文章的退休美国高级情报官员尼古拉斯·埃夫蒂米亚德斯表示，中国使用这一策略的独特之处在于其投入的时间。“They play this long term,” he said. “These are long-term relationships, sometimes marriages.”“他们放长线，”他说。“这些是长期的关系，有时甚至是婚姻。”Perhaps the most famous example involves Shi Peipu, a Peking Opera singer whose two-decade relationship with Bernard Boursicot, who worked on French diplomatic missions in Beijing and Ulan Bator in Mongolia, drew Mr. Boursicot into spying for China. Both were arrested in France, at which point Mr. Boursicot learned that his lover was a man. In 1986, they were convicted of espionage. Their story inspired the play “M. Butterfly” by David Henry Hwang.也许最著名的例子是京剧演员时佩璞。他与曾在法国驻北京和蒙古乌兰巴托外交使团工作的伯纳德·布尔西科维持了二十年的关系，使布尔西科开始为中国从事间谍活动。两人在法国被捕，此时布尔西科才得知他的情人是一名男性。1986年，他们被判犯有间谍罪。他们的故事启发了黄哲伦(David Henry Hwang)创作的戏剧《蝴蝶君》(M. Butterfly)。曾任法国驻北京大使馆雇员的伯纳德·布尔西科于1986年被判间谍罪名成立。More recent cases include Christine Fang, or Fang Fang, who was believed by counterintelligence officials to be a Chinese spy and who was in a physical relationship with former U.S. Representative Eric Swalwell between 2012 and 2015.更近期的案例包括方芳(Christine Fang)，她被反间谍官员认为是一名中国间谍，并在2012年至2015年间与前联邦众议员埃里克·斯沃韦尔发生了性关系。Separately, a retired U.S. Army officer who was working as a contractor for the U.S. Pacific Command in Hawaii was sentenced to prison in 2014 for emailing defense secrets, including details about joint training exercises between the United States and South Korea, to a 27-year-old Chinese woman with whom he had been involved romantically for almost two years.另一起案件中，一名曾在夏威夷担任美国太平洋司令部承包商的陆军退役军官于2014年被判处入狱，罪名是向一名27岁的中国女子发送包括美韩联合军事演习细节在内的国防机密。他与该女子保持了近两年的恋爱关系。In 2003, an F.B.I. agent, James J. Smith, who worked in Chinese counterintelligence, admitted that he had an affair for nearly 20 years with a Chinese American businesswoman suspected of being a Chinese double agent. The woman, whom he had recruited as an asset, was found to have given classified U.S. government information to Beijing.2003年，从事中国反间谍工作的联邦调查局特工詹姆斯·J·史密斯承认，他与一名被怀疑是中美双重间谍的华裔美国女商人有近20年的婚外情。这名被他招募为线人的女子被发现向北京提供了美国政府机密信息。Both the United States and China appear to be concerned about the possibility of emotional or other manipulation by the other side. Last year, the U.S. government prohibited American personnel in China from having romantic or sexual relationships with Chinese citizens, according to The Associated Press.美国和中国似乎都对遭到对方情感或其他操纵的可能性感到担忧。据美联社报道，去年，美国政府禁止在华的美国人员与中国公民建立感情或性关系。China’s intelligence agency itself frequently warns its citizens to look out for foreign operatives attempting to trap them. In May, China’s Ministry of State Security published an article on WeChat that called on residents to “be wary of sudden advances and overt displays of affection from seemingly perfect individuals of the opposite sex.”中国情报机构本身也经常警告其公民提防试图诱惑他们的外国特工。今年5月，中国国家安全部在微信上发表了一篇文章，呼吁民众警惕“‘完美异性’的突然靠近与主动示好”。“Avoid falling into the ‘gentle trap,’” it said.“避免陷入‘温柔陷阱’，”文章称。2003年，退休联邦调查局特工詹姆斯·J·史密斯离开洛杉矶一家联邦法院。他承认曾与一名被怀疑是中美双重间谍的华裔美国女商人保持了近20年的婚外情。Alex Joske, managing director at Garnaut Global, an advisory firm, said the Chinese ministry’s warnings about espionage “are usually based on the kinds of things that they do rather than what other countries actually do.”咨询公司加诺特全球的常务董事周安澜(Alex Joske)表示，中国安全部门关于间谍活动的警告“通常是基于他们自己所做的事情，而不是其他国家实际做的事情”。Compared with Western intelligence agencies, the Chinese government is more willing to use blackmail and coercion in its operations, including romance and sexual activities, he argued. Western governments see blackmail as a less reliable way of motivating a source or asset, he said.他认为，与西方情报机构相比，中国政府在其行动中更愿意使用勒索和胁迫手段，包括恋爱和性活动。他说，西方政府认为勒索是一种不太可靠的驱动线人或情报资产的方式。China’s Ministry of State Security, which oversees operations abroad as well as security within the country, is known for its highly coercive methods that include threats of arrest and detention.负责海外行动和国内安全的中国国家安全部以使用包括威胁拘捕在内的高压手段而闻名。The agency also exploits other forms of relationships, like family ties. A former F.B.I. agent in New York was recruited, with the help of his mother in China, to pass information about the agency to Beijing. He pleaded guilty to the charges in 2016.该机构还利用其他形式的关系，如家庭纽带。纽约的一名前联邦调查局特工在其身在中国的母亲的帮助下被招募，向北京传递有关该机构的信息。他于2016年认罪。China does engage in the kind of sexually baited entrapment one might see in a spy drama, according to former American intelligence officers. “A diplomat walks into his hotel room, and there’s a girl in his bed. I mean, that stuff happens. It’s just kind of ridiculous,” Mr. Eftimiades said.前美国情报官员表示，中国确实会使用那种在间谍剧中能看到的色诱圈套。“一名外交官走进他的酒店房间，床上躺着一个女孩。我是说，这种事情确实发生过。这简直有些荒谬，”埃夫蒂米亚德斯说。Dennis Wilder, who was senior China director at the National Security Council during the George W. Bush administration and a former senior intelligence officer, describes how when he traveled to Beijing, a woman would often be waiting in the elevator for him when he returned to his hotel.曾在乔治·W·布什政府担任国家安全委员会中国事务高级主任的前高级情报官员韦德宁(Dennis Wilder)描述了当他前往北京时，一名女子经常会在他回到酒店时在电梯里等他。“She’d say, ‘You know, I can come to your room.’ And I’d say, ‘Well why do you want to come to my room?’ And they did this over and over again to see if they could get me,” he said, noting that if he was ever to publicly accuse the Chinese of trying to entrap him, they could say the women were prostitutes working on their own volition.“她会说，‘你知道，我可以去你的房间。’我会说，‘那么你为什么想去我的房间？’他们一遍又一遍地这样做，看看能否钓到我，”他说。他指出，如果他公开指责中国试图色诱他，他们可以说这些女子是自愿从事卖淫活动的。“That’s the beauty of this kind of thing. It’s totally deniable,” Mr. Wilder said.“这种事情妙就妙在这里。完全可以否认，”韦德宁说。But more often than not, Mr. Eftimiades said, Beijing is not sending operatives to stage romantic encounters for blackmail. Instead, it looks for people whose personal or professional lives give them access to potential targets, he said.但埃夫蒂米亚德斯说，多数情况下，北京并不是派特工去安排浪漫邂逅进行勒索。相反，它寻找的是那些个人或职业生活能让他们接触到潜在目标的人。Many details of the relationship between Mr. Huang and Ms. Huang, including when they met and under what circumstances Ms. Huang may have begun gathering information for Beijing, remain unclear.关于黄仁勋与黄乐关系的许多细节目前都尚不明确，包括他们何时相识，以及她可能在何种情况下开始为北京收集信息。中天节目画面显示，2025年黄乐在台北一家餐厅与黄仁勋共进晚餐。China’s large diaspora includes executives, students and others who can be recruited in what Mr. Eftimiades calls the country’s “whole of society” approach to espionage.中国庞大的海外华人群体涵盖企业高管、学生及其他人员，在埃夫蒂米亚德斯所称的中国“全社会”间谍模式下，他们都可能成为招募对象。Of the many cases of Chinese spying that have come to light over the past few years, only a handful involve romantic relationships. In most cases, the best motivation is money, Mr. Joske says. But when it comes to targeting wealthy elites, money is not always as powerful a recruitment tool.过去几年曝光的众多中国间谍案中，仅有少数涉及感情关系。周安澜表示，多数案件中最有效的动机是金钱。但针对富有的精英时，金钱并非总是如此有效的招募工具。“So instead, you try to co-opt someone in their circle,” he said. That includes someone with whom that person has a close relationship.“因此，取而代之的做法是试图拉拢其圈子里的人，”他说。这包括与目标人物关系密切的人。A close relationship is also conducive to another major goal of China’s intelligence operations, which is to exert influence on key decision makers or gather information to sway other prominent figures to support policies favorable to Beijing.密切关系还有助于实现中国情报行动的另一主要目标，即对关键决策者施加影响，或收集情报以促使其他知名人士支持对北京有利的政策。“Once you become emotionally involved with somebody, your base line judgment changes,” said Matthew Brazil, a senior fellow at The Jamestown Foundation focusing on Chinese intelligence operations. “People want to please their lovers.”“一旦你对某人投入感情，你的基本判断力就会改变，”专注于中国情报行动研究的詹姆斯敦基金会高级研究员马修·布拉齐尔说。“人们都想取悦自己的恋人。”David Pierson自香港、Pei-Lin Wu自台北对本文有报道贡献。郭莉莉(Lily Kuo)是《纽约时报》报道中国记者，常驻台北。翻译：纽约时报中文网点击查看本文英文版。